? Epipactis
Broad-leaved Helleborine (Epipactis helleborine)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Epidendroideae Tribe: Neottieae Subtribe: Limodorinae Genus: Epipactis
Species
See text Source: fr:Image:Epipactis helleborine. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Orders Base Monocots: Acorus Alismatales Asparagales Dioscoreales Liliales Pandanales Family Petrosaviaceae Commelinids: Arecales Commelinales Poales Zingiberales Family Dasypogonaceae Monocotyledons or monocots are a group of flowering plants usually ranked as a class and once called the Monocotyledoneae. ... Families according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Agapanthus Agavaceae Alliaceae Amaryllidaceae Aphyllanthaceae Asparagaceae Asphodelaceae Asteliaceae Blandfordiaceae Boryaceae Doryanthaceae Hemerocallidaceae Hyacinthaceae Hypoxidaceae Iridaceae Ixioliriaceae Lanariaceae Laxmanniaceae Orchidaceae Ruscaceae Tecophilaeaceae Themidaceae Xanthorrhoea Xeronema Asparagales is an order of monocots which includes a number of families of non-woody plants. ... Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ... Tribes See text The Epidendroideae, or epidendroid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... In biology, a species is, loosely speaking, a group of related organisms that share a more or less distinctive form and are capable of interbreeding. ...

Epipactis Zinn, 1757, or Helleborine is a genus of orchid comprised of approximately 63 terrestrial species. Orchid re-directs here; for alternate uses see Orchid (disambiguation) Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ...

They occur in temperate and subtropical climates of America, Asia, and Europe. These orchids grow in open spaces in forests, in undergrowth, on calcareous soils and are often found in wet dune-slacks near the sea. The only original American species is Giant Helleborine (Epipactis gigantea). One species from Europe, Broad-leaved Helleborine (Epipactis helleborine), is invasive in North America. Most species are protected. The Americas (sometimes referred to as America) is the area including the land mass located between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, generally divided into North America and South America. ... World map showing location of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ... World map showing location of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... It has been suggested that Northern America be merged into this article or section. ...

Giant Helleborine (Epipactis gigantea)

These hardy orchids grow in a wet environment. The Marsh helleborine (Epipactis palustris) is the only European orchid able to survive in a flooded habitat. Epipactis gigantea is a species found in the American west, and into southern Canada, in wet areas and even streams. It can grow to a height of 1 m. Epipactis gigantea (Giant Helleborine) Credits : Photo by Maria Mantas - Washington Natural Heritage Program and U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management Downloaded from : [[1]] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Epipactis gigantea (Giant Helleborine) Credits : Photo by Maria Mantas - Washington Natural Heritage Program and U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management Downloaded from : [[1]] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

They all strongly depend on their symbiosis with their hyphal threads. Some species therefore have reduced leaves and need little chlorophyll. Violet Helleborine (Epipactis viridiflora) can even do without chlorophyll. These forms can be recognized by their purple instead of violet flowers. Common Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in their magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica) home. ... A hypha (plural hyphae) is a long, branching filament that, with other hyphae, forms the feeding thallus of a fungus called the mycelium. ...

Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then emerge the 20-70 cm long stems during the next spring. In botany, a rhizome is a horizontal, usually underground stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. ...

There are four to eight alternate, lanceolate leaves, that grow progressively shorter near the top. The margins are entire, the top is acute. Species with less chlorophyll have blue-purple leaves. In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ... Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. ...

Their bilaterally symmetrical colorful flowers grow from a terminal raceme. The three sepals and the two lateral petals are ovate and acuminate. Their color can vary from greenish-white to violet and purple. Wildflowers A flower is the reproductive organ of those plants classified as angiosperms (flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). ... Flower of the Primrose Willowherb (Ludwigia octovalvis) showing petals and sepals A sepal is one member or part of the calyx of a flower. ... A petal is one member or part of the corolla of a flower. ...

The lip is divided in a bowl-shaped hypochile, with the outer surface greenish-white and threaded with dark veins. The wavy, snowwhite epichile is fan-shaped. The Labellum (or Lip) is a part of an orchid. ...

The ovary is inferior. It produces a dry capsule with countless minute seeds. Human female internal reproductive anatomy Ovaries are a part of a female organism that produces eggs. ... The word capsule (from the Latin capsula, a small box), has many similar meanings in English: In botany, a capsule is a type of dry fruit as in the poppy, iris, foxglove, etc. ... A SeeD is a term given to mercenaries trained and employed by Balamb Garden in the Final Fantasy VIII video game. ...

Species

Giant Helleborine - habitat

• Epipactis africana (Ethiopia to Malawi).
• Epipactis albensis (C. Europe).
  • Epipactis albensis var. albensis (EC. Europe).. Rhizome geophyte
  • Epipactis albensis var. fibri (France). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
• Epipactis aspromontana (Italy) - now synonym of Epipactis leptochila subsp. aspromontana (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz
• Epipactis atromarginata (Vietnam).
• Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser : Dark Red Helleborine, Royal Helleborine (Europe to Caucasus).
  • Epipactis atrorubens var. atrorubens
  • Epipactis atrorubens var. atrata (Austria).
  • Epipactis atrorubens subsp. danubialis (Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler
  • Epipactis atrorubens subsp. spiridonovii (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
  • Epipactis atrorubens subsp. subclausa (Robatsch) Kreutz
  • Epipactis atrorubens var. triploidea (Gelbr. & G.Hamel) Kreutz
• Epipactis baumanniorum Ströhle
• Epipactis bithynica (Turkey) - now synonym of Epipactis helleborine subsp. bithynica (Robatsch) Kreutz
• Epipactis bugacensis (Hungary).
• Epipactis campeadorii (Spain).
• Epipactis cardina (Spain).
• Epipactis condensata (Turkey to Lebanon, Cyprus, W. Transcaucasus).
• Epipactis cretica (Crete).
• Epipactis danubialis (Romania) - now synonym of Epipactis atrorubens subsp. danubialis (Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler
• Epipactis degenii (Greece) - now synonym of Epipactis halacsyi subsp. degenii (Szentp. & Mónus) Kreutz
• Epipactis dunensis (Great Britain (N. England to N. Wales).
• Epipactis duriensis Bernardos, D.Tyteca (Portugal) - now synonym of Epipactis tremolsii var. duriensis (Bernardos, D.Tyteca, Revuelta & Amich) P.Delforge
• Epipactis exilis P.Delforge - now a synonym of Epipactis persica subsp. exilis (P.Delforge) Kreutz
• Epipactis flaminia (EC. Europe) - synonym of Epipactis greuteri var. flaminia (P.R.Savelli & Aless.) Kreutz
• Epipactis flava (Laos, Thailand).
• Epipactis futakii (EC. Europe) - now synonym of Epipactis leptochila var. futakii (Mered'a & Potek) P.Delforge

Giant helleborine (Epipactis gigantea)

• Epipactis gigantea : Stream Orchid, Chatterbox, Giant Helleborine (W. Canada to N. Mexico).
• Epipactis greuteri H.Baumann & Künkele (Greece).
  • Epipactis greuteri var. flaminia (P.R.Savelli & Aless.) Kreutz
  • Epipactis greuteri var. preinensis (Seiser) P.Delforge
  • Epipactis greuteri subsp. preinensis (Austria)
• Epipactis guegelii (Romania).
• Epipactis halacsyi Robatsch (Greece).
  • Epipactis halacsyi subsp. degenii (Szentp. & Mónus) Kreutz
• Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz : Broad-leaved Helleborine (N. Africa, Europe to C. China).
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. bithynica (Robatsch) Kreutz
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. helleborine (N. Africa, Europe to C. China).
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. latina (Italy to NW. Balkan Pen).
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. leutei (Robatsch) Kreutz
  • Epipactis helleborine var. minor R.Engel (France)
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. molochina (P.Delforge) Kreutz
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. neerlandica (W. Europe).
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. orbicularis (C. Europe). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. schubertiorum (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. transcaucasica (Caucasus). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. tremolsii (W. Medit.) Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
  • Epipactis helleborine var. youngiana (A.J.Richards & A.F.Porter) Kreutz
• Epipactis kleinii (S. France to E. Spain)
• Epipactis komoricensis (EC. Europe) - now synonym of Epipactis leptochila subsp. komoricensis (Mered'a) Kreutz
• Epipactis lapidocampi E.Klein & Laminger (Austria)
• Epipactis latifolia All.
  • Epipactis latifolia lus. rosea Erdner - now synonym of Epipactis viridiflora var. rosea (Erdner) Kreutz
• Epipactis leptochila (Godfery) Godfery : Narrow-lipped Helleborine (Europe).
  • Epipactis leptochila subsp. aspromontana (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz
  • Epipactis leptochila var. cleistogama (C.Thomas) Kreutz
  • Epipactis leptochila var. dinarica (S.Hertel & Riech.) P.Delforge
  • Epipactis leptochila var. futakii (Mered'a & Potek) P.Delforge
  • Epipactis leptochila subsp. komoricensis (Mered'a) Kreutz
  • Epipactis leptochila subsp. leptochila (Europe).
  • Epipactis leptochila subsp. maestrazgona (P.Delforge & Gévaudan) Kreutz
  • Epipactis leptochila subsp. naousaensis (Robatsch) Kreutz
  • Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta (WC. Europe). Hemicryptophyte or rhizome geophyte
  • Epipactis leptochila var. peitzii (H.Neumann & Wucherpf.) P.Delforge
  • Epipactis leptochila subsp. sancta (P.Delforge) Kreutz
• Epipactis leutei (Austria) - now synonym of Epipactis helleborine subsp. leutei (Robatsch) Kreutz
• Epipactis liestalensis (C. Europe).
• Epipactis lusitanica (S. Portugal)- now synonym of Epipactis tremolsii subsp. lusitanica (D.Tyteca) Kreutz
• Epipactis maestrazgona P.Delforge & Gévaudan (Spain)
• Epipactis magnibracteata (NC. China).
• Epipactis mairei (Nepal to C. China)
• Epipactis mecsekensis (Hungary) - now a synonym of Epipactis nordeniorum subsp. mecsekensis (A.Molnár & Robatsch) Kreutz
• Epipactis meridionalis H.Baumann & R.Lorenz (Sicilia to S. Italy).
• Epipactis microphylla (Europe to Iran).
• Epipactis molochina P.Delforge (Spain)
• Epipactis moravica Batousek (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) - now a synonym of Epipactis nordeniorum subsp. moravica (Batousek) Kreutz
• Epipactis muelleri (W. & C. Europe).
  • Epipactis muelleri subsp. cerritae (Sicilia).. Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
  • Epipactis muelleri subsp. muelleri (W. & C. Europe) Rhizome geophyte
• Epipactis nauosaensis (Greece) - now a synonym of Epipactis leptochila subsp. naousaensis (Robatsch) Kreutz
• Epipactis nordeniorum Robatsch (Austria)
  • Epipactis nordeniorum subsp. mecsekensis (A.Molnár & Robatsch) Kreutz
  • Epipactis nordeniorum subsp. moravica (Batousek) Kreutz
• Epipactis ohwii (C. Taiwan).
• Epipactis olympica (Greece).
• Epipactis palustris : Marsh Helleborine, Marsh Orchid (Europe to Caucasus and Mongolia)
• Epipactis papillosa (Russian Far East to Korea, Japan)
• Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. (SE. Europe to W. Pakistan)
  • Epipactis persica subsp. exilis (P.Delforge) Kreutz
• Epipactis phyllanthes G.E.Sm.  : Green-flowered Helleborine (W. & NW. Europe).
  • Epipactis phyllanthes subsp. fageticola (C.E.Hermos.) Kreutz
  • Epipactis phyllanthes var. olarionensis (France). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
  • Epipactis phyllanthes var. phyllanthes (W. & NW. Europe)
• Epipactis placentina (Switzerland to Italy).
• Epipactis pollinensis (Italy) - now synonym of Epipactis viridiflora var. pollinensis (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz
• Epipactis pontica (EC. Europe to N. Turkey).
• Epipactis provincialis (France) .
• Epipactis pseudopurpurata (Slovakia) - Epipactis viridiflora subsp. pseudopurpurata (Mered'a) Kreutz
• Epipactis rechingeri (N. Iran.
• Epipactis rhodanensis (France to Austria).
• Epipactis robatschiana Bartolo, D'Emerico, Pulv., Terrasi & Stuto (Italy)
• Epipactis royleana (E. Afghanistan to Himalaya).
• Epipactis schubertiorum (Italy) - now synonym of Epipactis helleborine subsp. schubertiorum (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz
• Epipactis spiridonovii (Bulgaria) - now synonym of Epipactis atrorubens subsp. spiridonovii (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz
• Epipactis stellifera (Switzerland).
• Epipactis subclausa (Greece) - now synonym of Epipactis atrorubens subsp. subclausa (Robatsch) Kreutz
• Epipactis tallosii (Slovakia, Hungary).
• Epipactis tenii (China).
• Epipactis thessala (N. & C. Greece).
• Epipactis thunbergii (S. Russian Far East to Korea, Japan to Nansei-shoto).
• Epipactis tremolsii Pau
  • Epipactis tremolsii subsp. densifolia (W.Hahn, Passin & R.Wegener) Kreutz
  • Epipactis tremolsii var. duriensis (Bernardos, D.Tyteca, Revuelta & Amich) P.Delforge
  • Epipactis tremolsii subsp. heraclea (P.Delforge & Kreutz) Kreutz
  • Epipactis tremolsii subsp. lusitanica (D.Tyteca) Kreutz
  • Epipactis tremolsii subsp. turcica (Kreutz) Kreutz
• Epipactis troodi (Cyprus, Turkey ).
• Epipactis turcica (E. Aegean Is. to Turkey) - now synonym of Epipactis tremolsii subsp. turcica (Kreutz) Kreutz
• Epipactis turcomanica (C. Asia).
• Epipactis ulugurica (Tanzania) .
• Epipactis veratrifolia : Scarce Marsh Helleborine (Caucasus to Somalia and SC. China).
• Epipactis viridiflora (Hoffm.) Krock: Clustered Helleborine, Violet Helleborine (Europe).
  • Epipactis viridiflora var. pollinensis (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz
  • Epipactis viridiflora subsp. pseudopurpurata (Mered'a) Kreutz
  • Epipactis viridiflora var. rosea (Erdner) Kreutz
• Epipactis xanthophaea (China).
• Epipactis youngiana : Young's Helleborine (Great Britain) - now synonym of Epipactis helleborine var. youngiana (A.J.Richards & A.F.Porter) Kreutz

Epipactis gigantea (Giant Helleborine) - habitat Photo color-enhanced Credits : Maria Mantas - Washington Natural Heritage Program and U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management Downloaded from : [[1]] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Epipactis gigantea (Giant Helleborine) - habitat Photo color-enhanced Credits : Maria Mantas - Washington Natural Heritage Program and U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management Downloaded from : [[1]] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Epipactis gigantea (Giant helleborine) Downloaded from fr. ... Epipactis gigantea (Giant helleborine) Downloaded from fr. ...

Hybrids

• Epipactis × amigoi (E. helleborine × E. kleinii) (Europe).
• Epipactis × barlae (E. helleborine × E. microphylla) (C. Europe).
• Epipactis × barreana (E. latina × E. muelleri) (Italy).
• Epipactis × breinerorum (E. helleborine subsp. helleborine × E. greuteri) (EC. Europe).
• Epipactis × bruxellensis (E. helleborine × E. phyllanthes) (W. Europe).
• Epipactis × capellonensis (E. atrorubens × E. latina) (Italy).
• Epipactis × cardonneae (E. atrorubens × E. kleinii) (W. Europe).
• Epipactis × conquensis (E. cardina × E. kleinii) (Spain).
• Epipactis × gerbaudiorum (E. provincialis × E. tremolsii) (France)
• Epipactis × gevaudanii (E. helleborine × E. rhodanensis) (France).
• Epipactis × graberi (E. atrorubens × E. microphylla) (Europe).
• Epipactis × heterogama (E. atrorubens × E. muelleri) (Europe).
• Epipactis x nicolosii M.P.Grasso & Grillo (. (E. helleborine (L.) Crantz x E. meridionalis H.Baumann & R.Lorenz) (Sicilia)
• Epipactis × populetorum ( E. helleborine × E. hispanica) (Spain).
• Epipactis × pupplingensis ( E. atrorubens × E. palustris) (Europe).
• Epipactis × reinekei (E. helleborine × E. muelleri) (Europe).
• Epipactis x robatschii Gévaudan & P.Delforge (E. bugacensis Robatsch x E. atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser subvar. borbasii )
• Epipactis × schmalhausenii (E. atrorubens × E. helleborine) (Europe).
  • Epipactis × schmalhausenii nothosubsp. fleischmannii (E. atrorubens × E. helleborine subsp. orbicularis) (Europe). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte
  • Epipactis × schmalhausenii nothosubsp. schmalhausenii (Europe). Rhizome geophyte
• Epipactis × schulzei (Europe).
• Epipactis × soguksuensis(E. helleborine × E. turcica) (Turkey).
• Epipactis × stephensonii (E. helleborine × E. leptochila) (Europe).
• Epipactis × trikalana (E. helleborine × E. thessala) (Greece).
• Epipactis × vermionensis (E. gracilis × E. helleborine) (Greece).

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