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Equatorial Guinea, independent republic in western Africa, consisting of a mainland section called Mbini (formerly Río Muni) on the western coast and the coastal islets of Corisco, Elobey Grande, and Elobey Chico as well as the islands of Bioko (formerly Macías Nguema Biyogo and previously Fernando Póo), and Annobón (Pagalu) in the Gulf of Guinea.
Mainland Equatorial Guinea is bounded on the north by Cameroon, on the east and south by Gabon, and on the west by the Gulf of Guinea.
The capital, largest city, and principal port of Equatorial Guinea is Malabo, formerly Santa Isabel (population, 1995 estimate, 30,000), on the northern coast of Bioko; Bata (1983, 24,100) is the largest town on the mainland.
The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is a nation in central Africa, and one of the smallest countries in continental Africa.
It borders Cameroon on the north, Gabon on the south and east, and the Gulf of Guinea on the west, where the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe lie to its southwest.
Equatorial Guinea became officially independent from Spain on October 12, 1968.