NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Erasmus Alvey Darwin

Erasmus Darwin This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on...

Erasmus Darwin

Bust of Erasmus Darwin by Wiliam John Coffee (C 1795), on display at Derby Central Museum and Library. Photo by Chris Harris File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or...

Stone-cast bust of Erasmus Darwin, by William John Coffee, c 1795, (Crown Derby Modeller and world renown artist)

Erasmus Darwin ( December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 19 days remaining. December Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19... December 12, Years: 1728 1729 1730 - 1731 - 1732 1733 1734 Decades: 1700s 1710s 1720s - 1730s - 1740s 1750s 1760s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1731 in literature 1731 in music 1731 in science List of state leaders in 1731 List of religious leaders in 1731 Events 10 Downing Street becomes the... 1731 – April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). There are 257 days remaining. April Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19... April 18, Years: 1799 1800 1801 - 1802 - 1803 1804 1805 Decades: 1770s 1780s 1790s - 1800s - 1810s 1820s 1830s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1802 in art 1802 in literature 1802 in music 1802 in science 1802 in sports List of state leaders in 1802 List of religious leaders in 1802... 1802) trained as a The word physician should not be confused with physicist, which means a scientist in the area of physics. A physician is a person who practices medicine. In the United States the term physician is traditional and commonly used. In Britain and Australia, the term doctor is more common as physician... physician and wrote extensively on medicine and botany, as well as Poetry (ancient Greek: poieo = create) is an art form in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content. It consists largely of oral or literary works in which language is used in a manner that is felt by... poetry. Living in See also Birmingham, USA, and other places called Birmingham. The city from above Centenary Square. (Alternative View) City of Birmingham Shown within the West Midlands Geography Status: Metropolitan borough, city (1889) Region: West Midlands Ceremonial county: West Midlands Area: - Total Ranked 169th 267.77 km² ONS code: 00CN Demographics Population... Birmingham and There was previously an image in this space. It was removed due to a lack of a free license. The image is pending deletion, and this notice will be removed once the image is deleted. You can still view the image, which was called Lichfield3spires.jpg. The caption displayed for... Lichfield, England (In detail) (In detail) Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (2001... England. He was one of the founder members of the The Lunar Society was a discussion club, of a number of prominent industrialists and scientists, who met regularly in the latter half of the 18th century in Birmingham, England. They met from 1765 to 1813. At first called the Lunar Circle, Lunar Society became the formal name by 1775. The... Lunar Society. He was a member of the Darwins family tree The Darwin -- Wedgwood family was a prominent English family, descended from Erasmus Darwin and Josiah Wedgwood, the most notable member of which was Charles Darwin. The family contained at least ten Fellows of the Royal Society and several artists and poets. Presented below are brief biographical... Darwin-Wedgwood family, most famously including his grandson, For other possible meanings see Darwin (disambiguation) Charles Darwin, about the same time as the publication of The 1859 edition of On the Origin of Species First published in 1859, The Origin of Species (full title On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of... Charles Darwin.

He was born near at Elston Hall near This article is about the English city. For others, see Nottingham (disambiguation). City of Nottingham Geography Status: Unitary, City (1897) Region: East Midlands Ceremonial County: Nottinghamshire Area: - Total Ranked 274th 74.61 km² Admin. HQ: Nottingham ONS code: 00FY Demographics Population: - Total (2002 est.) - Density Ranked 28th 270,300 3... Nottingham. he was educated at Chesterfield School then later at St. John's College, University of Cambridge Motto (Latin) Hinc lucem et pocula sacra Literal translation: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non-literal: From the university we receive enlightenment and knowledge. Established 1209 Chancellor HRH The Duke of Edinburgh Vice-Chancellor Professor Alison Richard Location Cambridge, United Kingdom Students 16,000 total (4... Cambridge. He obtained his degree at Edinburgh Medical School. He settled in 1756 as a physician at Nottingham, but meeting with little success he moved in the following year to Lichfield. He practised medicine in There was previously an image in this space. It was removed due to a lack of a free license. The image is pending deletion, and this notice will be removed once the image is deleted. You can still view the image, which was called Lichfield3spires.jpg. The caption displayed for... Lichfield in Staffordshire for twenty years; George III King of the United Kingdom by Allan Ramsey Born 4 June 1738 London England Died 29 January 1820 Windsor, Berkshire, England George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738–29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1... George III invited him to be royal physician but he declined. In Years: 1778 1779 1780 - 1781 - 1782 1783 1784 Decades: 1750s 1760s 1770s - 1780s - 1790s 1800s 1810s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1781 in art 1781 in literature 1781 in music 1781 in science List of state leaders in 1781 List of religious leaders in 1781 Events January 5... 1781 he moved to This article is about the city of Derby in England. For other meanings, see Derby (disambiguation) City of Derby Geography Status: Unitary, City (1977) Region: East Midlands Ceremonial County: Derbyshire Area: - Total Ranked 271st 78.03 km² Admin. HQ: Derby ONS code: 00FK Demographics Population: - Total (2002 est.) - Density Ranked... Derby, where he died suddenly on the 18th of April 1802.

Zoönomia

His most important scientific work is his Zoönomia (1794–1796), which contains a system of Pathology (in ancient Greek pathos = pain/pation and logos = word) is the study of diseases. It is a form of science and a branch of medicine that involves testing samples and diagnosing physical health problems from their evidence. Pathologists are skilled in interpreting test results and physical evidence. See also... pathology, and a treatise on generation, in which he, in the words of his famous grandson, Charles Robert Darwin, anticipated the views and erroneous grounds of opinions of Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (August 1, 1744 - December 28, 1829) was a major 19th century naturalist, who was one of the first to use the term biology in its modern sense. Lamarck is remembered today mainly in connection with a discredited theory of heredity, the... Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. The essence of his views is contained in the following passage, which he follows up with the conclusion that one and the same kind of living filaments is and has been the cause of all organic life : Would it be too bold to imagine that, in the great length of time since the earth began to exist, perhaps millions of ages before the commencement of the history of mankind would it be too bold to imagine that all warm-blooded animals have arisen from one living filament, which the great First Cause endued with animality, with the power of acquiring new parts, attended with new propensities, directed by irritations, sensations, volitions and associations, and thus possessing the faculty of continuing to improve by its own inherent activity, and of delivering down these improvements by generation to its posterity, world without end!

Zoönomia is widely considered to foreshadow the pre-Darwinian theories of Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (August 1, 1744 - December 28, 1829) was a major 19th century naturalist, who was one of the first to use the term biology in its modern sense. Lamarck is remembered today mainly in connection with a discredited theory of heredity, the... Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and maybe even the This article is about biological evolution. For other possible meanings, see Evolution (disambiguation). Charles Darwin, the father of evolutionary theory Evolution generally refers to any process of change over time. In the context of life science, evolution is a change in the genetic makeup of a population of interbreeding individuals... theory of evolution formulated by his grandson For other possible meanings see Darwin (disambiguation) Charles Darwin, about the same time as the publication of The 1859 edition of On the Origin of Species First published in 1859, The Origin of Species (full title On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of... Charles Darwin. Another of his grandsons was Francis Galton Sir Francis Galton FRS (February 16, 1822 - January 17, 1911) was an English explorer, statistician, anthropologist, creator of modern eugenics (he coined the term), and investigator of the human mind. Historiometry and statistics He was born into the Darwin -- Wedgwood family near Sparkbrook, Birmingham and was Charles Darwin... Francis Galton.

Big Bang and Big Crunch Cosmological Theories

Contemporary literature dated the cosmological theories of the According to the Big Bang theory, the universe originated in an infinitely dense and physically paradoxical singularity. Space has expanded with the passage of time, objects being moved farther away from each other. In cosmology, the Big Bang theory is the scientific theory that concerns the early development and shape... Big Bang and In cosmology, the Big Crunch is a hypothesis that states the universe will stop expanding and start to collapse upon itself; a counterpart to the Big Bang. If the gravitational attraction of all the matter in the observable horizon is high enough, then it could stop the expansion of the... Big Crunch to the 19th and 20th centuries, however Erasmus Darwin had documented them much earlier. Here is a passage from Darwin's The Botanic Garden, A Poem in Two Parts: Part 1, The Economy of Vegetation, 1791:

Roll on, ye Stars! exult in youthful prime,
Mark with bright curves the printless steps of Time;
Near and more near your beamy cars approach,
And lessening orbs on lessening orbs encroach; -
Flowers of the sky! ye too to age must yield,
Frail as your silken sisters of the field!
Star after star from Heaven's high arch shall rush,
Suns sink on suns, and systems systems crush,
Headlong, extinct, to one dark center fall,
And Death and Night and Chaos mingle all!
- Till o'er the wreck, emerging from the storm,
Immortal Nature lifts her changeful form,
Mounts from her funeral pyre on wings of flame,
And soars and shines, another and the same.

Family Tree

His experiments in In biology, galvanism is the contraction of a muscle that is stimulated by an electric current. The effect was named by Alessandro Volta after his contemporary, the scientist Luigi Galvani, who investigated the effect of electricity on dissected animals in the 1780s and 1790s. Galvani himself referred to the phenomenon... galvanism inspired Mary Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley née Godwin (August 30, 1797–February 1, 1851) was an English writer who is, perhaps, equally-famously remembered as the wife of Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and as the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. Biography Mary Shelley was born on... Mary Shelley to write Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus is a novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. First published in London in 1818 (but more often read in the revised third edition of 1831), it is an early example of science fiction and steampunk. Some (led by Brian Aldiss) claim that it is the first... Frankenstein. His poetry was admired by This page is about the nineteenth century English poet. For the twentieth century classical composer, see Samuel Coleridge-Taylor. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet, 1795 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772_July 25, 1834) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher and, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the... Coleridge and William Wordsworth, English poet William Wordsworth (April 7, 1770 - April 23, 1850) was an English poet who with Samuel Taylor Coleridge launched the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 publication of Lyrical Ballads. His masterpiece is generally considered to be The Prelude, an autobiographical poem of his early... Wordsworth; and often made reference to his interests in science, for example botany and A steam engine is a heat engine that makes use of the potential energy that exists as pressure in steam, converting it to mechanical work. Steam engines were used in pumps, locomotive trains and steam ships, and were essential to the Industrial Revolution. They are still used for electrical power... steam engines. His most famous work of poetry was The Botanic Garden.

He is remembered by the The Moonstones are a set of eight carved memorials to various members of the Lunar Society. Made in 1998, they can be viewed in the grounds of the Asda supermarket in Great Barr, Birmingham, England. They are visible from the road, when driving up Queslet Road from the Old Horns... Moonstones in See also Birmingham, USA, and other places called Birmingham. The city from above Centenary Square. (Alternative View) City of Birmingham Shown within the West Midlands Geography Status: Metropolitan borough, city (1889) Region: West Midlands Ceremonial county: West Midlands Area: - Total Ranked 169th 267.77 km² ONS code: 00CN Demographics Population... Birmingham.

Inventions

He was in inventor of several devices, though did not patent any of them. He believed this would damage his reputation as a doctor, and encouraged his friends to patent their own modifications of his designs.

Quotations

Organic life beneath the shoreless waves
Was born and nurs'd in ocean's pearly caves;
First forms minute, unseen by spheric glass,
Move on the mud, or pierce the watery mass;
These, as successive generations bloom,
New powers acquire and larger limbs assume;
Whence countless groups of vegetation spring,
And breathing realms of fin and feet and wing.

The Temple of Nature Years: 1799 1800 1801 - 1802 - 1803 1804 1805 Decades: 1770s 1780s 1790s - 1800s - 1810s 1820s 1830s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1802 in art 1802 in literature 1802 in music 1802 in science 1802 in sports List of state leaders in 1802 List of religious leaders in 1802... 1802

For if we may compare infinities, it would seem to require a greater infinity of power to cause the causes of effects, than to cause the effects themselves. This idea is analogous to the improving excellence observable in every part of the creation; such as in the progressive increase of the solid or habitable parts of the earth from water; and in the progressive increase of the wisdom and happiness of its inhabitants; and is consonant to the idea of our present situation being a state of probation, which by our exertion we may improve, and are consequently responsible for our actions.

Zoönomia, vol. 1 Years: 1791 1792 1793 - 1794 - 1795 1796 1797 Decades: 1760s 1770s 1780s - 1790s - 1800s 1810s 1820s Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century 1794 in art 1794 in literature 1794 in music 1794 in rail transport 1794 in science List of state leaders in 1794 List of religious leaders in... 1794

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Big Bang and Big Crunch Cosmological Theories

Family Tree

Inventions

Quotations

Zoönomia