NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ergine

LSA, also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111, is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. As the dominant alkaloid in the hallucinogenic seeds of Rivea corymbosa (ololiuhqui), Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose) and Ipomoea tricolor (morning glories, tlitliltzin), it is often stated that ergine and/or isoergine (its epimer) is responsible for the psychedelic activity. In fact, the effects of synthetic LSA and iso-LSA are not particularly psychedelic, see Mixing the Kykeon below for a summary of human trials, and Chapter 17 and entry #26 of TiHKAL for further discussion. Whether or not these compounds account for the hallucinogenic effects of the seeds remains unclear. Ergine is a DEA schedule III drug in the United States. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... Chemical structure of ephedrine, a phenethylamine alkaloid An alkaloid is, strictly speaking, a naturally occurring amine produced by a plant,[1] but amines produced by animals and fungi are also called alkaloids. ... Chemical structure of ergoline Ergoline is a chemical compound whose structure serves as the skeleton for a diverse range of alkaloids and synthetic drugs. ... Type genus Convolvulus L. Genera See text The Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the bindweed or morning glory family, is a group of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceous vines, but also trees, shrubs and herbs. ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ... The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. ... Binomial name Rivea corymbosa (L.)Hallier f. ... Binomial name Argyreia nervosa (Burm. ... Binomial name Ipomoea tricolor Cav. ... In chemistry, an epimer is a stereoisomer that has a different configuration at only one of several stereogenic centers. ... TiHKAL is a 1997 book written by Dr Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin about tryptamines. ... The DEAs enforcement activities may take agents anywhere from distant countries to suburban U.S. homes. ...

Effects

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Negative Consciousness is a quality of the mind generally regarded to comprise qualities such as subjectivity, self-awareness, sentience, sapience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and ones environment. ... A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical that alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness, or behaviour. ... In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. ... A pocket watch, a device used to tell time Look up time in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Speech communication is the aural form of transferring ideas, thoughts, instructions and/or directives utilizing the speakers vocal chords and mouth to stimulate the air, thus causing waves of sound to strike the audible receptors of the hearer, resulting in a transformation back into mental images and/or symbols...

Hallucinogenic history

LSA in morning glory seeds has been used as a hallucinogen for centuries by many Mexican Native American cultures; they were known to the Aztecs as tlitliltzin, the Nahuatl word for "black" with a reverential suffix. In South America, the seeds are also known as badoh negro. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 532 pixel Image in higher resolution (3008 Ã— 2000 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 532 pixel Image in higher resolution (3008 Ã— 2000 pixel, file size: 2. ... Morning glory flower An unopened spiral bud of a morning glory flower Morning glory is a common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family the Convolvulaceae, belonging to the following genera: Calystegia Convolvulus Ipomoea Merremia Rivea As the name implies, morning glory flowers, which are... The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. ... Mayas at San Juan Chamula, Chiapas Mexico has defined itself, in the second article of its constitution, as a pluricultural nation, in recognition of the diverse ethnic groups that constitute it. ... It has been suggested that Mexica be merged into this article or section. ... Nahuatl is a native language of central Mexico. ...

Their traditional use by Mexican Native Americans was first described by Richard Schultes in 1941 in a short report documenting their use going back to Aztec times (cited in TiHKAL by Alexander Shulgin). Further research was published in 1960, when Don Thomes MacDougall reported that the seeds of Ipomoea tricolor were used as sacraments by certain Zapotecs, sometimes in conjunction with the seeds of Rivea corymbosa, another species which has a similar chemical composition, with lysergol instead of ergometrine. Richard Evans Schultes (January 12, 1915 â€“ April 10, 2001) may be considered the father of modern ethnobotany, not only in his devotion to the study of native uses of entheogenic or hallucinogenic plants, especially in the Amazon, in his lifelong collaborations with chemists, but also in his charismatic influence as... It has been suggested that Mexica be merged into this article or section. ... TiHKAL is a 1997 book written by Dr Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin about tryptamines. ... Alexander and Ann Shulgin, in a photo from their book TiHKAL, c. ... In Christian belief and practice, a sacrament is a rite that mediates divine grace, constituting a sacred mystery. ... The Zapotec are an indigenous people of Mexico. ... Binomial name Rivea corymbosa (L.)Hallier f. ...

LSA was assayed for human activity by Albert Hofmann in self-trials in 1947, well before it was known to be a natural compound. Intramuscular administration of a 500 microgram dose led to a tired, dreamy state, with an inability to maintain clear thoughts. After a short period of sleep the effects were gone, and normal baseline was recovered within five hours.^[3] The greater spread of knowledge has led to a rise in recreational use of LSA by people other than Native Americans.^{[citation needed]} Dr. Dr. Albert Hofmann (born January 11, 1906) is a prominent Swiss scientist best known as the father of LSD. He was born in Baden, Switzerland, and studied chemistry at the University of ZÃ¼rich. ... Intramuscular injection is an injection of a substance directly into a muscle. ... In pharmacology and matters of biochemistry, baseline describes a persons state of mind or being, in relation to drug use. ... An independent origin and development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. ...

Isolation

LSA can be extracted from morning glory seeds or Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds with water under acidic conditions. Certain varieties of Claviceps paspali also produce LSA. Morning glory flower An unopened spiral bud of a morning glory flower Morning glory is a common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family the Convolvulaceae, belonging to the following genera: Calystegia Convolvulus Ipomoea Merremia Rivea As the name implies, morning glory flowers, which are... Binomial name (Burm. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... Acidity redirects here. ...

Bibliography

Smith, Sydney; Timmis, Geoffrey M. (1932). "98. The Alkaloids of Ergot. Part III. Ergine, a New Base obtained by the Degradation of Ergotoxine and Ergotinine.". J. Chem. Soc. 1932: 763-766. DOI:10.1039/JR9320000763. The Journal of the Chemical Society was a scientific journal published from 1862 to 1877 by the Chemical Society which merged with other Societies to form the Royal Society of Chemistry in 1980. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

Powell, William (2002). The Anarchist Cookbook. Ozark Press,LLC, 44. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Anarchist Cookbook is an instructional book written by William Powell. ...

References

See also

This is a partial list of Entheogenic substances: Entheogen Ethnobotany Categories: | ... Lysergic acid, also known as D-lysergic acid and (+)-lysergic acid, is a precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and some plants. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Binomial nomenclature Ipomoea violacea L. Ipomoea violacea is a species of morning glory that occurs throughout the tropics. ...

External links

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | Articles needing additional references from July 2007 | Alkaloids | Amides | Lysergamides | Serotonin receptor agonists Chemical structure of ergoline Ergoline is a chemical compound whose structure serves as the skeleton for a diverse range of alkaloids and synthetic drugs. ... Lysergic acid, also known as D-lysergic acid and (+)-lysergic acid, is a precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and some plants. ... Bromocriptine is an ergoline derivative dopamine agonist that is used in the treatment of pituitary tumors and Parkinsons disease. ... // Introduction and Phrmacology Cabergoline (brand names DostinexÂ® and CabaserÂ®), an ergot-derivative, is a potent dopamine receptor agonist on D2-Receptors. ... Ergonovine, also known as ergometrine, d-lysergic acid beta-propanolamide, is one of primary ergot alkaloids and an alkaloid of many species of morning glory, too. ... Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor used for migraine prevention and is sometimes mixed with caffeine. ... Lysergic acid, also known as D-lysergic acid and (+)-lysergic acid, is a precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and some plants. ... Chemical structure of lysergol Lysergol, is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. ... Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ... Chemical structure of d-lysergic acid Î±-hydroxyethylamide D-lysergic acid Î±-hydroxyethylamide, also known as d-lysergic acid methyl carbinolamide, is a psychedelic alkaloid of the ergoline family, and occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. ... Lisuride (brand name in Germany Dopergin) is an anti-Parkinsons drug of the iso-ergoline class, chemically related to the dopaminergic ergoline parkinson drugs. ... Methergine is a blood vessel constrictor most commonly used to prevent or control excessive bleeding following childbirth and spontaneous or elective abortion. ... Methysergide (UML-491) is a prescription drug used for prophylaxis of migraine headaches and is sold under the brand names SansertÂ® and DeserilÂ® in 2mg dosages. ... Pergolide is an ergoline-based dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of Parkinsons disease. ... Hallucinogenic drugs or hallucinogens are drugs that can alter sensory perceptions, elicit alternate states of consciousness, or cause hallucinations. ... Amides of lysergic acid are collectively known as lysergamides. ... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-ALLYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (AL-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. AL-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, and is around the same potency as LSD itself with an active dose... ALD-52 or N-acetyl-LSD, is a chemical analogue of LSD-25 (D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), discovered by Albert Hofmann, but later just filed away. ... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-BUTYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (BU-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. BU-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, but is significantly less potent than LSD with a dose of 500 micrograms... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-CYCLOPROPYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (CYP-LAD) is an analogue of LSD and presumably has similar effects. ... N,N-Diallyllysergamide (DAL) As the tartrate salt, there is at best a touch of sparkle seen at 600 micrograms orally, but there is a sedation also reported. ... N,N-Dimethyllysergamide (DAM-57) is a derivative of ergine. ... Ergonovine, also known as ergometrine, d-lysergic acid beta-propanolamide, is one of primary ergot alkaloids and an alkaloid of many species of morning glory, too. ... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-ETHYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (ETH-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. ETH-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, and is slightly more potent than LSD itself with an active dose reported... D-Lysergic Acid Ethylamide, (LAE-32) is a derivative of ergine. ... Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called LSD, LSD-25, or acid. ... N-Pyrrolidyllysergamide (LPD-824) is a derivative of ergine. ... N-Morpholinyllysergamide (LSM-775) is a derivative of ergine. ... Chemical structure of d-lysergic acid Î±-hydroxyethylamide D-lysergic acid Î±-hydroxyethylamide, also known as d-lysergic acid methyl carbinolamide, is a psychedelic alkaloid of the ergoline family, and occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi. ... Methylergonovine, also known as methylergometrine, methylergobasin, and d-lysergic acid 1-butanolamide, is a synthetic analogue of ergonovine, a psychedelic alkaloid found in ergot, and many species of morning glory. ... N1-Methyl-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (MLD-41, 9,10-didehydro-N,N-diethyl-1,6-dimethyl-ergoline-8-beta-carboxamide) is a derivative of LSD. The 1-methyl homologue of LSD is has more of somatic than sensory effect, has fewer visuals and is less well accepted than LSD, with... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-PROPYNYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (PARGY-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. PARGY-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, but is slightly less potent than LSD with a dose of 160 micrograms... 9,10-DIDEHYDRO-6-PROPYL-N,N-DIETHYLERGOLINE-8b-CARBOXAMIDE (PRO-LAD) is an analogue of LSD first made by Alexander Shulgin and reported in the book TIHKAL. PRO-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, and is around as potent as LSD itself with an active dose reported... Chemical structure of ergoline Ergoline is a chemical compound whose structure serves as the skeleton for a diverse range of alkaloids and synthetic drugs. ... Binomial name (Burm. ... Species About 50, including: Claviceps africanum Claviceps fusiformis Claviceps paspali Claviceps purpurea Ergot is the common name of a fungus in the genus Claviceps that is parasitic on certain grains and grasses. ... Binomial name Ipomoea tricolor Cav. ... Binomial name Ipomoea violacea L. Ipomoea violacea, sometimes known as the Morning Glory, is a species of morning glory that occurs throughout the tropics. ... Binomial name Rivea corymbosa (L.)Hallier f. ...

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