Eriophyllum latilobum
Conservation status
Endangered
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Eriophyllum Species: E. latilobum
Binomial name
Eriophyllum latilobum Rydb.

Eriophyllum latilobum or San Mateo woolly sunflower is a perennial herb of sharply limited range occurring only in the state of California, USA. This flowering plant of the Asteraceae family has been listed as an endangered species by the U.S. federal government as well as the state of California. Its range covers only portions of San Mateo County and Napa County in habitats of oak woodland, but at altitudes only between 100 to 150 meters. Eriophyllum latilobum grows to 90 centimeters in height on erect woolly stems and produces bright yellow flowers.^[1] Latilobum means "with wide lobe," from Latin latus, "wide". This article explains how to read a taxobox. ... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive either in the present day or the future. ... Image File history File links Status_iucn3. ... The critically endangered Amur Tiger, a rare subspecies of tiger. ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Angiospermae, and Anthophyta be merged into this article or section. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ... Families Alseuosmiaceae Argophyllaceae Asteraceae - Daisies Calyceraceae Campanulaceae (incl. ... Diversity About 1500 genera and 23,000 species Type Genus Aster L. Subfamilies Barnadesioideae Cichorioideae Tribe Arctotidae Tribe Cardueae Tribe Eremothamneae Tribe Lactuceae Tribe Liabeae Tribe Mutisieae Tribe Tarchonantheae Tribe Vernonieae Asteroideae Tribe Anthemideae Tribe Astereae Tribe Calenduleae Tribe Eupatorieae Tribe Gnaphalieae Tribe Helenieae Tribe Heliantheae Tribe Inuleae Tribe Plucheae... Species See text. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... A Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ... Herbs: basil Herbs (IPA: hÉ™(ɹ)b, or əɹb; see pronunciation differences) are plants grown for any purpose other than food, wood or beauty. ... In biology, the range of an species is the geographical area within which that species can be found. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Diversity About 1500 genera and 23,000 species Type Genus Aster L. Subfamilies Barnadesioideae Cichorioideae Tribe Arctotidae Tribe Cardueae Tribe Eremothamneae Tribe Lactuceae Tribe Liabeae Tribe Mutisieae Tribe Tarchonantheae Tribe Vernonieae Asteroideae Tribe Anthemideae Tribe Astereae Tribe Calenduleae Tribe Eupatorieae Tribe Gnaphalieae Tribe Helenieae Tribe Heliantheae Tribe Inuleae Tribe Plucheae... In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is 1) a rank or 2) a taxon in that rank. ... The critically endangered Amur Tiger, a rare subspecies of tiger. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... San Mateo County is a county located in the San Francisco Bay Area. ... Napa County is in north-central California Napa Valley is most famous for its wine. ... California oak woodland is a plant community found throughout the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion of California and northwestern Baja California. ... Long and short hair wool at the South Central Family Farm Research Center in Boonesville, Arizona Wool is the fibre derived from the fur of animals of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats, alpacas and rabbits may also be... A stem is the main axis of a vascular plant that is divided into nodes and internodes and has one or more leaves or buds at the nodes. ... A Phalaenopsis flower A flower, (<Old French flo(u)r<Latin florem<flos), also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

Morphology

Like the other 13 species members of its genus, Eriophyllum latilobum presents generally alternate leaves ranging from entire to nearly compound. The flowers are grouped in radiate, flat-topped heads, with an hemispheric to nearly conic involucre. Phyllaries are either free, or more or less fused, their receptacle flat, but naked and conic in the center. The ray flowers (the "petals") have yellow ligules entire to lobed. Fruits are 4-angled cylindric achenes in the outer flowers, but are generally club-shaped for the inner flowers; the pappus is somewhat jagged.^[2] For other uses of the word, please see Genus (disambiguation). ... The leaves of a Beech tree A leaf with laminar structure and pinnate venation In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ... For other uses, see Leaf (disambiguation). ... Example of a flower head. ... A Sweet Chestnut Castanea sativa cupule, split open to reveal the nuts. ... Toothed bracts on Rhinanthus minor In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, from the axil of which a flower or flower stalk arises; or a bract may be any leaf associated with an inflorescence. ... Look up ligule in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain. ... An achene is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. ... Pappus of Alexandria is one of the most important mathematicians of ancient Greek time, known for his work Synagoge (&#8220;Collection&#8221;). He was born at Alexandria of Egypt. ...

E. latilobum occurs as a subshrub between 20 and 50 centimeters in height. Its thin leaves are two to six centimeters in length, and have a diamond to obovate shape; the deeply triangular-lobed leaves are smooth on the top surface. The inflorescence's peduncles are one to eight centimeters and the involucres measure four to seven millimeters. The acute, barely overlapping phyllaries number six to ten. The ray flowers number six to thirteen. There are 40 to 70 disk flowers, each three to four millimeters in diameter. The strigose (hairy) fruit measures three to four millimeters, and its pappus can vary between 0.3 to 1.0 millimeters. Disk scales are larger than the ray scales. Chromosomes are characterized as: 2n=32.^[3] In botany, the following terms are used to describe the shape of plant leaves: cordate leaf Acicular: slender and pointed Alternate (alternifolia): Arranged alternately Bipinnate (bipinnata): Each leaflet also pinnate Cordate (cordata): Heart-shaped, stem attaches to cleft Cuneate: Triangular, stem attaches to point Deltoid: Triangular, stem attaches to side... The term peduncle has several meanings: In botany, a Peduncle (botany) is a flower stalk, or stem. ... Pappus of Alexandria is one of the most important mathematicians of ancient Greek time, known for his work Synagoge (&#8220;Collection&#8221;). He was born at Alexandria of Egypt. ...

Range and habitat

E. latilobum occurs primarily in shaded moist positions on steep grassy or sparsely wooded slopes of serpentine soil. The remaining colonies of San Mateo County consist of several hundred plants scattered along a two and one half mile length of Crystal Springs Road. These are most likely the relict fragments of a historically continuous population.^[4] Serpentine soils are soils derived from the serpentine mineral, and other ultramafic rocks. ... The term relict is used to refer to surviving remnants of natural phenomena. ...

San Mateo woolly sunflower is associated with serpentine soils, which are found in discontinuous outcrops in the Coast Ranges of the San Francisco Bay Area (and other locations not involving E. latilobum). The chief constituent of the parent rock is a variant of iron-magnesium silicate. Many species associated with serpentine soils have status ranging from vulnerable to endangered.^[5] Serpentine soils are soils derived from the serpentine mineral, and other ultramafic rocks. ... Outcrop is a geological term referring to the appearance of bedrock exposed at the surface of the Earth. ... USGS satellite photo of the San Francisco Bay Area. ... In chemistry, a silicate is a compound containing an anion in which one or more central silicon atoms are surrounded by electronegative ligands. ... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive. ... An endangered species is a species whose population is so small that it is in danger of becoming extinct. ...

Conservation

The state of California listed E. latilobum as an endangered species in June 1992.^[6] E. latilobum was designated as endangered by the U.S. Government on February 3, 1995. It is currently designated as an endangered species within its entire range.^[7] The species is threatened by urban development which continues to fragment its habitat. The San Mateo County colony is subject to damage by dumping of residential garden debris and downhill surface runoff of pesticides and fertilizers from homes above the steep-sloping habitat along Crystal Springs Road. Invasive plants add to the stress on the San Mateo woolly sunflower population.^[8] Furthermore, the steep slopes are subject to mudslides and erosion, and road maintenance crews may not be aware of the existence of colonies and remove mudslides containing E. latilobum organisms and seeds. Crews may also regrade slopes, further destroying colonies. February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Runoff flowing into a stormwater drain Surface runoff is water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, that flows over the land surface, and is a major component of the water cycle[1][2]. Runoff that occurs on surfaces before reaching a channel is also called overland flow. ... A cropduster spreading pesticide. ... spreading manure, an organic fertilizer Fertilizers (British English fertilisers) are compounds given to plants to promote growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for uptake through leaves. ... Invasive plants are defined by their ability to invade and disrupt an ecosystem. ... Mudslide in La Conchita, California A mudslide is a landslide of mud. ... Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. Erosion is the displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock and other particles) by the agents of wind, water or ice, by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of... A crab is an example of an organism. ...

References

September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...

See also

• Crystal Springs Reservoir
• Serpentine soil

Crystal Springs Reservoir is a reservoir located in the northern Santa Cruz Mountains of San Mateo County. ... Serpentine soils are soils derived from the serpentine mineral, and other ultramafic rocks. ...

External links

• U.S. Department of Agriculture profile for Eriophyllum latilobum
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Listing Details for Eriophyllum latilobum