(In Detail) (In Detail)
National motto: None
Official languages	Tigrigna, Arabic and English
Capital	Asmara
President	Isaias Afewerki
Area  - Total  - % water	Ranked 96th 121,320 km² Negligible
Population  - Total (2002)  - Density Large flag of Eritrea File links The following pages link to this file: Eritrea Freedom House African Union List of national flags Gallery of national flags Flag of Eritrea Reporters Without Borders User:DanielZm/test2 Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics 2004 Summer Olympics medal count Athletics at the 2004... Image taken from INTERNATIONAL CIVIC ARMS. the images was taken from books or get them send by others. ... Flag ratio: 1:2 The flag of Eritrea ()was adopted on December 5, 1995. ... Here is a list of state mottos for countries and their subdivisions around the world. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Tigrigna (or ትግሪኛ) is a Semitic language spoken in Eritrea, where it is the official language, and in parts of Ethiopia and Israel. ... Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Asmara, estimated population 400,000 ( 1996), is the capital of Eritrea. ... List of Heads of State of Eritrea (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) Political Affiliations See also Eritrea Heads of Government of Eritrea Provincial Heads of Eritrea Lists of incumbents Categories: Lists of office-holders | Eritrea ... Categories: Stub | 1945 births ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... In the most common sense of the word, a population is the collection of people—or organisms of a particular species—living in a given geographic area. ... Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ...	Ranked 118th 4,298,269 37/km² This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population. ...
Independence  - Limited  - Fully	From Ethiopia  May 29, 1991  May 24, 1993
Currency	Nakfa
Time zone	UTC +3
National anthem	Ertra, Ertra, Ertra
Internet TLD	.er
Calling Code	291

The State of Eritrea is a country in northeast Africa. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the Southeast. The East and Northeast of the country has an extensive coastline with the Red Sea. Having achieved independence in 1993 from Ethiopia, Eritrea is currently one of the youngest independent states. Independence is autonomous self-government of a country by its residents and indigenous population. ... This article needs cleanup. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ... May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ... The currency of Eritrea is the Nakfa, divided into 100 cents. ... -1... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... The National Anthem is the name of a song by the band Radiohead. ... Ertra, Ertra, Ertra is the national anthem of Eritrea. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of which Internet domain names consist of. ... .er is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Eritrea. ... Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. ... This article needs cleanup. ... The Republic of Djibouti (جيبوتي) is a country in eastern Africa, located in the Horn of Africa. ... (Red Sea is also the name of a state in Sudan) Conshelf II in the Red Sea (Sudan) The Red Sea (Arabic البحر الأحمر Baḥr al-Aḥmar, al-Baḥru l-’Aḥmar; Hebrew ים סוף Yam Suf) is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

History

Main article: History of Eritrea Eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its Greek form Erythraía (Greek alphabet Ερυθραία), and its derived Latin form Erythræa. ...

Eritrea had been ruled by many powers before it was colonised by the Italians in 1885. The Italians remained in power until they were defeated by Allied Forces in World War II (1941), and Eritrea became a British protectorate. After the war, the United Nations eventually decided that the area was to become part of a federation with Ethiopia. When Eritrean independence fighters rioted in the early 1960s, the land was annexed by Ethiopia, starting a 30-year long civil war. The Italian Republic or Italy ( Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ... 1885 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization made up of 191 states established in 1945. ... A federation (from the Latin fœdus, covenant) is a state comprised of a number of self-governing regions (often themselves referred to as states) united by a central (federal) government. ... This article needs cleanup. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

This war ended in 1991, when Eritrean forces defeated the Ethiopian army. Two years later, after a referendum, independence was declared. A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...

In 1998, a border war with Ethiopia broke out which killed thousands of soldiers from both countries and left Eritrea with significant economic and social stresses, including massive population displacement, reduced economic development, and one of Africa's more severe landmine problems. The Ethiopia-Eritrea War ended in 2000 with a negotiated agreement known as the Algiers Agreement. One of the terms of the agreement was the establishment of a UN peacekeeping operation, known as the United Nations Mission in Eritrea and Ethiopia (UNMEE); over 4,000 UN peacekeepers remain as of August 2004. Another term of the Algiers Agreement was the establishment of a final demarcation of the disputed border area between Eritrea and Ethiopia. An independent, UN-associated boundary commission known as the Ethiopian-Eritrean Boundary Commission (EEBC), after extensive study, issued a final border ruling in 2003, but its decision was rejected by Ethiopia. As of August 2004 the border question remains in dispute, even while a tentative peace remains in place. This article needs cleanup. ... The Ethiopia-Eritrea Border War took place from May 1998 to June 2000 between Ethiopia and Eritrea. ... The Algiers Agreement was an agreement between the governments of Eritrea and Ethiopia signed on 12 December 2000 at Algiers, Algeria to end the Ethiopia-Eritrea War, a border war fought by the two countries from 1998 to 2002. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: August 2004 in sports Deaths in August 2004 • 30 Fred Whipple • 26 Laura Branigan • 24 Elisabeth Kübler_Ross • 18 Elmer Bernstein • 15 Amarsinh Chaudhary • 14 Czesław Miłosz • 13 Julia Child • 8 Robert Bootzin • 8 Fay Wray... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: August 2004 in sports Deaths in August 2004 • 30 Fred Whipple • 26 Laura Branigan • 24 Elisabeth Kübler_Ross • 18 Elmer Bernstein • 15 Amarsinh Chaudhary • 14 Czesław Miłosz • 13 Julia Child • 8 Robert Bootzin • 8 Fay Wray...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Eritrea The new government faces formidable challenges. ...

Because the Eritrean constitution is not yet in effect, the unicameral Eritrean parliament, the National Assembly, is entirely populated by members of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). This assembly of 150 seats, formed in 1993 shortly after independence, elected the current president Isaias Afewerki. National elections have been periodically scheduled and cancelled. Independent local sources of political information on Eritrean domestic politics are scarce; in 2001 the government closed down all of the nation's privately owned print media and outspoken critics of the government have been allegedly arrested and held without trial, according to various international observers including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International. In 2004 the U.S. State Department declared Eritrea a Country of Particular Concern (CPC) for its record of religious persecution (see below). An organizations constitution defines its form, structure, activities, character, and fundamental rules. ... Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ... Alternative meanings: Parliamentary system, Parliament (band), Parliament (cigarette). ... The Peoples Front for Democracy and Justice is the only legal Eritrean political party. ... Categories: Stub | 1945 births ... Amnesty International (or AI) is an international non-governmental organization whose stated purpose is to promote all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards. ...

Regions

Main article: Regions of Eritrea Eritrea is divided into 6 regions (capitals follow Tigrinya names in parentheses): Central (Maekel) (Asmara) Anseba (Keren) Southern Red Sea (Debub-Keih-Bahri) (Assab) Northern Red Sea (Semien-Keih-Bahri) (Massawa) Southern (Debub) (Mendefera) Gash-Barka (Barentu) Categories: Lists of subnational entities | Eritrea ...

Eritrea is divided into 6 regions:

• Central (Maekel)
• Anseba
• Southern Red Sea (Debubawi-Keih-Bahri)
• Northern Red Sea (Semienawi-Keih-Bahri)
• Southern (Debub)
• Gash-Barka

Central Eritrea is one of the six main regions of Eritrea. ... Anseba is a region of Eritrea. ... The Southern Red Sea region of Eritrea is one of the six main regions of Eritrea. ... The Northern Red Sea region of Eritrea is one of the six main regions of Eritrea. ... Gash-Barka is one of the six main regions of Eritrea, where over 500,000 Eritreans live. ...

Geography

Main article: Geography of Eritrea Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the northeast and east by the Red Sea, on the west and northwest by Sudan, on the south by Ethiopia, and on the southeast by Djibouti. ...

Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the northeast and east by the Red Sea. Off the sandy and arid coastline, the Dahlak Archipelago are situated, an archipelago with fishing grounds. The land to the south, in the highlands, is slightly less dry, and cooler. The highest point of the country, Soira, is located in the centre of Eritrea, at 3018 m above sea level. map of Eritrea (CIA World Factbook) File links The following pages link to this file: Eritrea Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. ... (Red Sea is also the name of a state in Sudan) Conshelf II in the Red Sea (Sudan) The Red Sea (Arabic البحر الأحمر Baḥr al-Aḥmar, al-Baḥru l-’Aḥmar; Hebrew ים סוף Yam Suf) is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... The Dahlak archipelago is an island group located in the Red Sea off Massawa. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ...

The main cities of the country are the capital city of Asmara, the port town of Assab in the southeast, as well as the towns of Massawa and Keren. Asmara, estimated population 400,000 ( 1996), is the capital of Eritrea. ... Assab (or Aseb) is a port in Eritrea on the west coast of the Red Sea. ... Massawa is both an island in the Red Sea, and a major city of Eritrea. ...

Economy

Main article: Economy of Eritrea This article needs cleanup. ...

Since independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea has faced the economic problems of a small, desperately poor country. Like the economies of many African nations, the economy is largely based on subsistence agriculture, with 80% of the population involved in farming and herding. This article needs cleanup. ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals ( livestock). ...

The Ethiopian-Eritrea war severely hurt Eritrea's economy. GDP growth in 1999 fell to less than 1%, and GDP decreased by 8.2% in 2000. The May 2000 Ethiopian offensive into northern Eritrea caused some $600 million in property damage and loss, including losses of $225 million in livestock and 55,000 homes. The attack prevented planting of crops in Eritrea's most productive region, causing food production to drop by 62%. In economics, the gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the amount of the economic production of a particular territory in financial capital terms during a specific time period. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ...

Even during the war, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure, asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war damaged roads and bridges. Eritrea's economic future remains mixed. The cessation of Ethiopian trade, which mainly used Eritrean ports before the war, leaves Eritrea with a large economic hole to fill. Eritrea's economic future depends upon its ability to master fundamental social problems like illiteracy, unemployment, and low skills, and to convert its diaspora money and expertise into economic growth. Infrastructure is the set of interconnected structural elements that provide the framework for supporting the entire structure. ... Literacy is the ability to use text to communicate across space and time. ... Unemployment rates in the United States. ...

Eritrea is at the brink of a famine, with food supplies currently (February 2005) only lasting for one month. A famine is an phenomenon in which a large percentage of the population of a region or country are undernourished and death by starvation becomes increasingly common. ...

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Eritrea Eritreas population is comprised nine ethnic groups, most of which speak Semitic or Cushitic languages. ...

Eritrea's two main ethnic groups are the Tigrigna, which forms about half of the population, and the Tigre and Kunama, which amount to 40%. The remaining people are the Afar, Bilen, Nara, Rashaida, Hidarb, and Saho. The local Tigrignan and the wider Arabic language are the two predominant languages for official purposes, but Amharic languages as well as English are also spoken. Tigrigna (or ትግሪኛ) is a Semitic language spoken in Eritrea, where it is the official language, and in parts of Ethiopia and Israel. ... Tigre is a Semitic language descended from Geez and is closely related to Tigrinya and Amharic. ... Afar is one of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia. ... Nara can refer to: The city of Nara, Nara Prefecture, Japan The Nara Period of the History of Japan Nara prefecture, part of the Kansai region of central Honshu, Japan Nara is a major Manchu clan. ... Rashaida are a nomadic people in Sudan. ... Tigrigna (or ትግሪኛ) is a Semitic language spoken in Eritrea, where it is the official language, and in parts of Ethiopia and Israel. ... Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Amharic (አማርኛ) is a Semitic language spoken in Northern Central Ethiopia, where it is the official language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Religion

The dominant religions are Christianity and Islam, each group representing roughly 50% of the population. The Christians consist primarily of the Eritrean Orthodox Church, which is the local Oriental Orthodox church, but small groups of Roman Catholics and Protestants also exist. Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahido Church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches. ... The term Oriental Orthodoxy refers to the churches of Eastern Christian traditions that keeps the faith of only the first three ecumenical councils of the undivided Church - the councils of Nicea, Constantinople and Ephesus. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

Members of the Eritrean Orthodox Church are sometimes described as Coptic Christians because the hierarchy of that church was formerly subject to that of the Tawahido Church of Ethiopia, which was in turn formerly (before 1950) subject to the Coptic Pope. But the word Coptic means Egyptian or indigenous (pre-Arab) Egyptian, and so is a misnomer. The Eritrean and Ethiopian Orthodox churches are still in full communion with the Coptic Church in Egypt. In 1993 it was granted autocephaly, and in 1998 the Archbishopric of Asmara, the young nation's capital, was elevated to the rank of patriarchate of Eritrea, within the Coptic church. Christ - Coptic Art Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately AD 60). ... This article needs cleanup. ... Events January January 5 - US Senator Estes Kefauver introduces a resolution calling for examination of organized crime in the USA January 6 - The United Kingdom recognizes the Peoples Republic of China. ... Full communion is a kind of relationship between two or more organizations of Christians. ... In hierarchical Christian churches, especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. ... Asmara, estimated population 400,000 ( 1996), is the capital of Eritrea. ...

The vast majority of Muslims in Eritrea are Sunni Muslims. Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ...

As of May 2002, the government of Eritrea only officially recognizes the Islamic, Catholic, Orthodox and Evangelical Lutheran churches (the Eritrean Orthodox Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodox Communion, not to the Eastern Orthodox Communion). Other religions are not registered and cannot worship freely. The government's registration system forces religious groups to submit personal information in order to be allowed worship. Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Evangelical has several distinct meanings: In its original sense, it means belonging or related to the Gospel (Greek: euangelion - good news) of the New Testament. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahido Church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches. ... The term Oriental Orthodoxy refers to the churches of Eastern Christian traditions that keeps the faith of only the first three ecumenical councils of the undivided Church - the councils of Nicea, Constantinople and Ephesus. ... This article treats the manner in which the Eastern Orthodox Churches are organized, rather than the doctrines, traditions, practices, or other aspects of Eastern Orthodoxy. ...

See also Eritrean Orthodox Church. The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahido Church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches. ...

Famous Eritreans

Political figures

• Isaias Afewerki
• Weldeab Weldemariam
• Ibrahim Sultan
• Aman Michael Andom
• Raesi Weldemichael
• Bahta Hagos
• [[]]

Athletes Categories: Stub | 1945 births ...

• Zersenay Tadesse
• Mebrahtom (Meb) Keflezighi
• Nebiat Habtemariam

Singers Zersenay Tadesse (born February 9, 1982) is an Eritrean long distance track, and road running athlete. ... Mebrahtom (Meb) Keflezighi is an American athtlete (naturalized U.S citizen born in Eritrea), who is 2004 Olympic marathon silver medalist. ...

• Senait Mehari
• Yemane Baria
• Bereket Mengisteab
• Abrar Osman
• Tecle Tesfazghi
• Haile Gebru

Senait Ghebrehiwet Mehari is an Eritrean-born German singer. ...

Miscellaneous topics

Cuisine of Eritrea is very rich. Here, the typical Alicha Begie and chicken

• Communications in Eritrea
• Transportation in Eritrea
  • Eritrean Railway
• Military of Eritrea
• Foreign relations of Eritrea
• Zula
• Music of Eritrea

Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 898 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 898 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Telephones - main lines in use: 23,578 (2000) Telephones - mobile cellular: Available since march 2004 Telephone system: domestic: very inadequate; most telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system international: NA Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 2 (2000) Radios: 345,000 (1997... Railways: total: 317 km narrow gauge: 317 km 0. ... The Eritrean Railway is the only railway system in the African nation of Eritrea (on the Red Sea coast between Sudan and Ethiopia, and independent from the latter in 1993). ... During the war, the EPLF fighting force grew to almost 110,000 fighters, almost 3% of the total population of Eritrea. ... Eritrea is a member in good standing of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). ... Zula is a small town in Eritrea near the head of Annesley Bay (also known as the Bay of Zula) on the African coast of the Red Sea. ... Eritrea is an East African country. ...