Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Ernest Augustus (German: Ernst August) (17 November 1887, Penzing-30 January 1953, Castle Marienburg near Hanover), reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (2 November 1913-8 November 1918), was a grandson of King George V of Hanover, whom the Prussians deposed in 1866. The last reigning monarch of the House of Hanover, Ernst August was a direct descendant of Henry the Lion. Image File history File links Ernstbrunswick1887-2. ... Image File history File links Ernstbrunswick1887-2. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Penzing is the 14th District of Vienna and consists of the boroughs of Penzing, Breitensee, Baumgarten, Hütteldorf and Hadersdorf-Weidlingau. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... George V, King of Hanover and 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Georg Friedrich Alexander Karl Ernst August (27 May 1819 – 12 June 1878) was the only son of Ernst August I, King of Hanover and 1st Duke of Cumberland (fifth son of King George III of the United Kingdom... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty of Lombard descent which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... Coronation of Henry the Lion and Matilda of England (1188) Henry the Lion (face of statue on his tomb in Brunswick Cathedral) Henry the Lion (1129 - August 6, 1195; in German, Heinrich der Löwe) was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony as Henry III since...

Ancestry and Early Life

Ernst's great-grandfather, Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, was the fifth son of King George III of the United Kingdom who became king of Hanover in 1837 because Salic Law barred Queen Victoria from reigning in Germany. Ernest Augustus I of Hanover Ernest Augustus I, King of Hanover (5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851), also known (1799-1837) as the Duke of Cumberland, was the fifth son and eighth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... | Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 January 1877, until her death in 1901. ...

His Royal Highness Ernst August Christian Georg, Prince of Hanover, Prince of Great Britain and Ireland, styled "Prince Ernest of Cumberland," was born at Penzing near Vienna, the sixth and youngest child of Ernst August of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and his wife, the former Princess Thyra of Denmark.¹ His father succeeded as pretender to the Hanoverian throne and as Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale in the peerage of Great Britain in 1878. The younger Prince Ernst August became heir apparent to the dukedom of Cumberland and to the Hanoverian claim upon the deaths of his two elder brothers, George and Christian. Penzing is the 14th District of Vienna and consists of the boroughs of Penzing, Breitensee, Baumgarten, Hütteldorf and Hadersdorf-Weidlingau. ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 UN complex in Vienna, with the non-affiliated Austria Center Vienna in front - picture taken from Danube Tower in nearby Danube Park. ... Prince Ernst August (II) of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland (1878-1919) and Crown Prince of Hanover (1851-1866), Ernst August Wilhelm Adolf Georg Friedrich (21 September 1845-14 November 1923), was the eldest child and only son of King George V of Hanover and his wife, Princess Marie of... Thyra of Denmark (September 29, 1853 - February 26, 1933) was the youngest daughter of Christian IX of Denmark and Luise of Hesse-Kassel. ... Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British royal family. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1884, the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, a distant cousin, died and the Duke of Cumberland claimed to succeed to that territory. However, the Imperial Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, managed to get the Federal Council (Bundesrat) of the German Empire to exclude the duke from the succession. Bismarck did this because the duke had never formally renounced his claims to the kingdom of Hanover, which had been annexed to Prussia in 1866 following the end of the Austro-Prussian War (Hanover had sided with losing Austria). Instead, Prince Albrecht of Prussia became the regent of Brunswick. After Prince Albrecht's death in 1906, the duke offered that he and his elder son, Prince George, would renounce their claims to the Duchy in order to allow Ernst, his only other surviving son, to take possession of the Duchy, but this option was rejected by the Bundesrat and the regency continued, this time under Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who had previously acted as regent for his nephew in Mecklenburg. 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Wolfenbüttel is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Bismarck redirects here. ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Combatants Austria, Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Hanover and some minor German States (formerly as the German Confederation) Prussia, Italy and some minor German States Strength 600,000 Austrians and German allies 500,000 Prussians and German allies 300,000 Italians Casualties 40,000+ dead or wounded 37,000 dead... Prince (Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus) Albrecht of Prussia (8 May 1837-13 September 1906) was a Prussian general field marshal and, from 1885, regent of the Duchy of Brunswick. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Marriage and accession to the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg

When Ernst's older brother Prince Georg died in an automobile accident on 20 May 1912, the Kaiser sent a message of condolence to the Duke of Cumberland. In response to this friendly gesture, the Duke sent his only surviving son, Ernst, to Berlin to thank the Emperor for his message. In Berlin, Ernst met and fell in love with the Kaiser's only daughter, Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia (13 September 1892-11 December 1980) May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Victor) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941), was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and Prussia from 15 June 1888... Princess Viktoria Luise (13 September 1892–11 December 1980), Duchess of Brunswick-Luneburg, was the seventh child and the only daughter of Emperor Wilhelm II and Empress Augusta Viktoria. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

On 24 May 1913, Ernst and Viktoria Louise were married. This marriage ended the decades-long rift between the House of Hohenzollern and the House of Hanover. The wedding of Prince Ernst August and Princess Viktoria Luise was also the last great gathering of European sovereigns (many of whom were descended both from Queen Victoria and King Christian IX of Denmark) before the outbreak of the First World War. In addition to the German Emperor and Empress and the Duke and Duchess of Cumberland, King George V and Queen Mary of Great Britain, Tsar Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Fedorovna of Russia attended. Upon the announcement of his betrothal to Princess Viktoria Luise in February 1913, Prince Ernst August took an oath of loyalty to the German emperor and accepted a commission as a cavalry captain and company commander in the Zieten Hussars, a Prussian Army regiment in which his grandfather (George V of Hanover) and great grandfather (Ernst August I) had been colonels. May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The House of Hohenzollern is a German dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty of Lombard descent which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... European redirects here. ... Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906. ... Combatants Allied Powers: France Italy Russia Serbia United Kingdom United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg Reinhard... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; later Queen Mary; 26 May 1867 - 24 March 1953) was the Queen Consort of George V of the United Kingdom. ... Nicholas II of Russia (May 18, 1868—July 17, 1918)[1] (Russian: , Nikolay II) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland,[2] and Grand Duke of Finland. ... Alexandra and her daughters, Olga, Tatiana, Anastasia, and Maria, 1913 Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (German: ) or Saint Alexandra, 6 June 1872 – 17 July 1918, under the title Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna (Russian: ), was Empress consort of the Russian Empire and the wife of Nicholas II of Russia, the... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... George V, King of Hanover and 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Georg Friedrich Alexander Karl Ernst August (27 May 1819 – 12 June 1878) was the only son of Ernst August I, King of Hanover and 1st Duke of Cumberland (fifth son of King George III of the United Kingdom... Colonel (IPA: or ) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ...

On 27 October 1913, the Duke of Cumberland formally renounced his claims to the duchy of Brunswick in favor of his surviving son. The following day, the Federal Council voted to allow Prince Ernst August of Cumberland to become the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The new Duke of Brunswick, who received a promotion to colonel in the Zieten Hussars, formally took possession of his duchy on 1 November. October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Polish Hussar Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok) refers to a number of types of cavalry used throughout Europe since the 15th century. ...

During World War I, the duke rose to the rank of major-general. On 8 November 1918, he was forced to abdicate his throne along with the other German kings, grand dukes, dukes, and princes. The next year, his father's British dukedom was suspended as a result of the Duke's service in the German army during the war, so that when his father died in 1923, Ernst August did not succeed to his father's title of Duke of Cumberland. For the next thirty years Ernst August would remain as head of the House of Hanover, living in retirement on his various estates. He lived to see one of his children come to a European throne - in 1947 his daughter Frederika, became Queen of the Hellenes when her husband Prince Paul of Greece and Denmark succeeded his brother as King. Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Frederika of Hanover (Friederike Luise Thyra Viktoria Margarete Sophie Olga Cecile Isabelle Christa, Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick and Lunenburg) 1917-1981 was Queen Consort of King Paul I of the Hellenes (1947-1964) as Queen Frideriki of the Hellenes Frederika was born on April 18, 1917 in Blankenburg... This is a list of the Kings of Greece, formally known by the title of King of the Hellenes House of Wittelsbach Otto (1832-1862) House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg George I (1863 - 1913) Constantine I (1913 - 1917) first time Alexander (1917 - 1920) Constantine I (1920 - 1922) second... Paul, King of the Hellenes (December 14, 1901 - March 6, 1964), was King of Greece from 1947 to 1964. ...

He died at Castle Marienburg in 1953. 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Issue

The Duke and Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg had five children ²:

• Prince Ernst August (18 March 1914-9 December 1987); married (1) 1951, Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (19 December 1925-6 February 1980), and had issue; and (2), 1980 Monika, Countess of Solms-Laubach (8 August 1929)-).
• Prince Georg Wilhelm (25 March 1915-8 January 2006); married 1946, Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (26 June 1914-24 November 2001), and had issue.
• Princess Frederika (18 April 1917-6 February 1981); married 1938 King Paul I of the Hellenes (14 December 1901-6 March 1964), and had issue.
• Prince Christian (1 September 1919-10 December 1981); married 1963 (divorced 1976) Mireille Dutry (10 January 1946-), and had issue.
• Prince Welf-Heinrich (11 March 1923- 12 July 1997); married 1960 Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and Büdingen (23 October 1937-), and had issue.

Footnotes Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover (German Prinz Ernst August von Hannover; 18 March 1914 - 9 December 1987) was the eldest son of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... His Royal Highness Prince George William of Hanover (25 March 1915-8 January 2006) was the second son of Ernest Augustus III, Duke of Brunswick and his wife Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia, the only daughter of Wilhelm II, German Emperor and Princess Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark was the fourth child and youngest daughter of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg. ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Frederika of Hanover (Friederike Luise Thyra Viktoria Margarete Sophie Olga Cecile Isabelle Christa, Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick and Lunenburg) 1917-1981 was Queen Consort of King Paul I of the Hellenes (1947-1964) as Queen Frideriki of the Hellenes Frederika was born on April 18, 1917 in Blankenburg... April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Paul, King of the Hellenes (December 14, 1901 - March 6, 1964), was King of Greece from 1947 to 1964. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

¹ Under settled practice dating to 1714, as a male-line descendant of King George III, Prince Ernst August III of Hanover also held the title of Prince of Great Britain and Ireland with the style of Highness. In the Court Circular printed in The Times and in the London Gazette, he was frequently styled Prince Ernest Augustus of Cumberland. Battle of Gangut, by Maurice Baquoi, 1724-27. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1785, and under its current name since 1788. ...

² By Royal Warrant of 17 June 1914, King George V granted the eldest son and any children thereafter born to Prince Ernst August of Hanover, then reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the title of Prince (or Princess) of Great Britain and Ireland with the style Highness. The provisions of this Royal Warrant ceased with George V's Letters Patent of 30 November 1917, and Hanoverian princes and princesses born after this date were no longer allowed the title Prince of Great Britain and Ireland with the style Highness. However, in 1931, the former Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, as head of the House of Hanover and the senior male-line descendant of George III, issued a decree stating that the members of the former Hanoverian royal family would continue to bear the title of Prince (or Princess) of Great Britain and Ireland with the style of Royal Highness. This decree had no legal effect in the United Kingdom, although no British sovereigns since have attempted to stop this practice on the part of the former Hanoverian royal family. The members of the House of Hanover continue to seek the British sovereign's approval when they marry, in accordance with the Royal Marriages Act 1772. In 1999, prior to the wedding of Ernst August, Prince of Hanover (b. 1954) to Princess Caroline of Monaco, the couple received an official blessing from the reigning British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Royal Warrant awarded by Elizabeth II to Jenners, a department store in Edinburgh In the United Kingdom, a Royal Warrant of Appointment is a grant made by senior members of the British Royal Family to companies or tradespeople who supply goods and services to individuals in the family. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Letters Patent by Queen Victoria creating the office of Governor-General of Australia Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of an open letter issued by a monarch or government granting an office, a right, monopoly, title, or status to someone or some entity such as... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... The Royal Marriages Act of 1772 made it illegal for any member of the British royal family (defined as all descendants of King George II, excluding descendants of princesses who marry foreigners) under the age of 25 to marry without the consent of the ruling monarch. ... The Princess of Hanover is the eldest child of the late Prince Rainier III of Monaco and is currently heir presumptive to the principalitys throne. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of 16 sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ...

References

• Succession Laws in the House of Braunschweig, by François R. Velde