The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award was established in 1959 in honor of a scientist who helped elevate American physics to world leadership. Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Physics (Greek: (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the science concerned with the discovery and understanding of the fundamental laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time and explaining them using mathematics. ...

E. O. Lawrence was the inventor of the cyclotron, an accelerator of subatomic particles, and a 1939 Nobel Laureate in physics for that achievement. The Radiation Laboratory he developed at Berkeley during the 1930s ushered in the era of “big science,” in which experiments were no longer done by an individual researcher and a few assistants on the table-top of an academic lab but by large, multidisciplinary teams of scientists and engineers in entire buildings full of sophisticated equipment and huge scientific machines. During World War II, Lawrence and his accelerators contributed to the Manhattan Project, and he later played a leading role in establishing the U.S. system of national laboratories, two of which (Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore) now bear his name. jesse is gay ... A pair of Dee electrodes with loops of coolant pipes on their surface at the Lawrence Hall of Science. ... A 1960s single stage 2 MeV linear Van de Graaff accelerator, here opened for maintenance A particle accelerator is a device that uses electric fields to propel electrically charged particles to high speeds and magnetic fields to contain them. ... Helium atom (not to scale) Showing two protons (red), two neutrons (green) and a probability cloud (gray) of two electrons (yellow). ... Nobel Prize medal. ... The University of California, Berkeley (also known as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, and by other names, see below) is the oldest and flagship campus of the ten-campus University of California system. ... The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... In 1977 the completion of the Shiva laser at LLNL ushered in a new field of big science; laser fusion. ... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000,000 Total dead: 50,000,000 Military dead: 8,000,000 Civilian dead: 4,000,000 Total dead 12,000,000 World War II (abbreviated WWII), or the Second World War, was a worldwide conflict... The Manhattan Project resulted in the development of the first nuclear weapons, and the first-ever nuclear detonation, at the Trinity test of July 16, 1945. ... The DOE is one of the biggest funders of science research in the US The United States Department of Energy National Laboratories are a system of research facilities and laboratories funded and controlled by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for the purpose advancing science and aiding in the... The Berkeley Lab is perched on a hill overlooking the Berkeley central campus and San Francisco Bay. ... Lawrence Livermore, more commonly known as Larry Livermore, was a musician in the bands the Lookouts and the Potatomen. ...

Shortly after Lawrence's death in August 1958, John A. McCone, Chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, wrote to President Eisenhower suggesting the establishment of a memorial award in Lawrence's name. President Eisenhower agreed, saying, "Such an award would seem to me to be most fitting, both as a recognition of what he has given to our country and to mankind, and as a means of helping to carry forward his work through inspiring others to dedicate their lives and talents to scientific effort." The first Lawrence Awards were given in 1960. John Alex McCone (January 4, 1902 - February 14, 1991) was an American businessman and politician who served as Director of Central Intelligence during the height of the Cold War. ... Shield of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. ... The presidential seal was first used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower (October 14, 1890–March 28, 1969), American soldier and politician, was the 34th President of the United States (1953–1961) and supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II, with the rank of General of the Army. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...

The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards honor scientists and engineers, at mid-career, showing promise for the future, for exceptional contributions in research and development supporting the Department of Energy and its mission to advance the national, economic and energy security of the United States. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy and nuclear safety. ... Energy security, or security of supply, is a key component of energy policy in many countries. ...

Each Lawrence Award recipient receives a citation signed by the Secretary of Energy, a gold medal bearing the likeness of Ernest Orlando Lawrence, and a $50,000 honorarium. The United States Secretary of Energy is the head of the United States Department of Energy, concerned as the name suggests, with The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop. ...

Nomination and Selection Procedures

The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards honor scientists and engineers, at mid-career, showing promise for the future, for exceptional contributions in research and development supporting the U.S. Department of Energy and its mission to advance the national, economic and energy security of the United States. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy and nuclear safety. ...

Currently awards are given in even-numbered years. One Lawrence Award is given in each of the following seven fields:

• Chemistry
• Environmental Science and Technology
• Life Sciences (including Medicine)
• Materials Research
• National Security
• Nuclear Technology
• Physics

The objectives of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards are: Chemistry (from Persian language کیمیا Kimia and Greek χημεία khēmeía[1] meaning alchemy) is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as gases, molecules, crystals, and metals. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology is the science of life (from the Greek words bios = life and logos = word). ... medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ... material is the substance or matter from which something is or can be made, or also items needed for doing or creating something. ... Nuclear engineering is the practical application of the atomic nucleus gleaned from principles of nuclear physics and the interaction and maintenance of nuclear fission systems and components, specifically, nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants and/or nuclear weapons. ...

• to inspire people of all ages through the examples of Ernest 0rlando Lawrence and the Lawrence Award laureates; and
• to highlight for the general public the accomplishments of the U.S. scientific community.

Criteria

• Recipients must be in their mid-careers (defined as within 20 years of receiving a Ph.D. or M.D.).
• The award is given for a relatively recent achievement (rather than for a lifetime of achievements).
• Recipients must be citizens of the United States.
• Nominations will be judged primarily on the scientific and technical significance of the work to its field (rather than for leadership ability).

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... The Medicinæ Doctor or Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or D.M.) is a doctorate level degree held by medical doctors. ...

Nomination Materials

Nomination is made by a letter of justification, curriculum vitae, and a bibliography of significant publications.

Nominations must indicate clearly the field for which the person is being nominated (Chemistry, Environmental Science and Technology, Life Sciences, Materials Research, National Security, Nuclear Technology, Physics).

A few letters supporting the nomination from individuals who are familiar with the work are helpful.

Selection

Approximately 4000 research organizations and individuals are invited to nominate candidates for the Lawrence Awards. The recipients are chosen in a multi-step review process. For each award category, a screening panel of esteemed scientists and engineers representing National Laboratories, universities, and private-sector research organizations reviews the nominations and makes recommendations to the Interagency Awards Committee. The Committee, comprised of senior science executives from major Federal research organizations, reviews the screening panel’s recommendations and, in turn, makes recommendations to the Secretary of Energy through the Director, Office of Science. The Secretary of Energy gives the award on behalf of the Department of Energy.

Award Laureates

1960

• Harvey Brooks
• John S. Foster, Jr.
• Isadore Perlman
• Norman F. Ramsey, Jr.
• Alvin M. Weinberg

1961 ...

• Leo Brewer
• Henry Hurwitz, Jr.
• Conrad L. Longmire
• Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky
• Kenneth E. Wilzbach

1962

• Andrew A. Benson
• Richard P. Feynman
• Herbert Goldstein
• Anthony L. Turkevich
• Herbert F. York

1963 Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918–February 15, 1988) (surname pronounced FINE-man) was one of the most influential American physicists of the 20th century, expanding greatly the theory of quantum electrodynamics. ... Herbert F. York is an accomplished American physicist who has held numerous administrative positions (including the first directorship of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Chief Scientist of the Advanced Research Projects Agency), as well as numerous acacademic positions. ...

• Herbert J.C. Kouts
• L. James Rainwater
• Louis Rosen
• James M. Taub
• Cornelius A. Tobias

1964

• Jacob Bigeleisen
• Albert L. Latter
• Harvey M. Pratt
• Marshall N. Rosenbuth
• Theos J. Thompson

1965

• George A. Cowan
• Floyd M. Culler
• Milton C. Edlund
• Theodore B. Taylor
• Arthur C. Upton

1966

• Harold M. Agnew]]
• Ernest C. Anderson
• Murray Gell-Mann
• John R. Huizenga
• Paul R. Vanstrum

1967 Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929 in Manhattan, New York City, USA) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. ...

• Mortimer M. Elkind
• John M. Googin
• Allen F. Henry
• John O. Rasmussen
• Robert N. Thorn

1968

• James R. Arnold
• E. Richard Cohen
• Val L. Fitch
• Richard Latter
• John B. Storer

1969

• Geoffrey F. Chew
• Don T. Cromer
• Ely M. Gelbard
• F. Newton Hayes
• John H. Nuckolls

1970

• William J. Bair
• James W. Cobble
• Joseph M. Hendrie
• Michael M. May
• Andrew M. Sessler

1971

• Thomas B. Cook
• Robert L. Fleischer
• Robert L. Hellens
• P. Buford Price
• Robert M. Walker

1972

• Charles C. Cremer
• Sidney D. Drell
• Marvin Goldman
• David A. Shirley
• Paul F. Zweifel

1973 Sidney Drell is an American theoretical physicist and arms control expert. ...

• Louis Baker
• Seymour Sack
• Thomas E. Wainwright
• James Robert Weir
• Sheldon Wolff

1974

• Joseph Cerny
• Harold Paul Fourth
• Henry C. Honeck
• Charles A. McDonald
• Chester R.Richmond

1975

• Evan H. Appelman
• Charles E. Elderkin
• William A. Lokke
• Burton Richter
• Samuel C. Ting

1976

• A. Philip Bray
• James W. Cronin
• Kaye D. Lathrop
• Adolphus L. Lotts
• Edwin D. McClanahan

1977

• James D. Bjorken
• John L. Emmett
• F. William Studier
• Gareth Thomas
• Dean A. Waters

1980

• Donald W. Barr
• B. Grant Logan
• Nicholas P. Samios
• Benno P. Schoenborn
• Charles D. Scott

1981

• Martin Blume
• Yuan Tseh Lee
• Fred R. Mynatt
• Paul B. Selby
• Lowell L. Wood

1982

• George F. Chapline, Jr.
• Mitchell J. Feigenbaum
• Michael J. Lineberry
• Nicholas Turro
• Raymond E. Wildung

1983

• James F. Jackson
• Michael E. Phelps
• Paul H. Rutherford
• Mark S. Wrighton
• George B. Zimmerman

1984

• Robert W. Conn
• John J. Dunn
• Peter L. Hagelstein
• Siegfried S. Hecker
• Robert B. Laughlin
• Kenneth N. Raymond

1985

• Anthony P. Malinauskas
• William H. Miller
• David R. Nygren
• Gordon C. Osbourn
• Betsy Sutherland
• Thomas A. Weaver

1986

• James J. Duderstadt
• Helen T. Edwards
• Joe W. Gray
• C. Bradley Moore
• Gustavus J. Simmons
• James L. Smith

1987

• James W. Gordon
• Miklos Gyulassy
• Sung-Hou Kim
• James L. Kinsey
• J. Robert Merriman
• David E. Moncton

1988

• Mary K. Gaillard
• Richard T. Lahey, Jr.
• Chain Tsuan Liu
• Gene H. McCall
• Alexander Pines
• Joseph S. Wall

1990

• John J. Dorning
• James R. Norris
• S. Thomas Picraux
• Wayne J. Shotts
• Maury Tigner
• F. Ward Whicker

1991

• Zachary Fisk
• Richard Fortner
• Rulon Linford
• Peter Schultz
• Richard E. Smalley
• J. Pace Vandevender

1993

• James G. Anderson
• Robert G. Bergman
• Alan R. Bishop
• Yoon I. Chang
• Robert K. Moyzis
• John W. Shanner
• Carl Wieman

1994

• John D. Boice, Jr.
• E. Michael Campbell
• Gregory J. Kubas
• Edward William Larsen
• John D. Lindl
• Gerard M. Ludtka
• George F. Smoot
• John E. Till

1996 George Smoot celebrating his Nobel Prize on October 3, 2006 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ...

• Charles Roger Alcock
• Mina J. Bissell
• Thom H. Dunning, Jr.
• Charles V. Jakowatz, Jr.
• Sunil K. Sinha
• Theofanis G. Theofanous
• Jorge Luis Valdes

1998

• Dan Gabriel Cacuci
• Joanna S. Fowler
• Laura H. Greene
• Steven E: Koonin
• Mark H. Thiemens
• Ahmed H. Zewail

2002

• C. Jeffrey Brinker
• Claire M. Fraser
• Bruce T. Goodwin
• Keith O. Hodgson
• Saul Perlmutter
• Benjamin D. Santer
• Paul J. Turinsky

2004 Saul Perlmutter is an astrophysicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and heads the Supernova Cosmology Project. ...

• Nathaniel J. Fisch
• Bette Korber
• Claire E. Max
• Fred N. Mortensen
• Richard J. Saykally
• Ivan K. Schuller
• Gregory W. Swift

2006[1]

• Paul Alivisatos and Moungi Bawendi, Materials Research
• Malcolm J. Andrews, National Security
• Arup K. Chakraborty, Life Sciences
• My Hang V. Huynh, Chemistry
• Marc Kamionkowski, Physics
• John Zachara, Environmental Science and Technology
• Steven Zinkle, Nuclear Technology

External links

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award website