Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, PC, OM, FRS (August 30, 1871 – October 19, 1937), was a New Zealand nuclear physicist. He was known as the "father" of nuclear physics, pioneered the orbital theory of the atom, notably in his discovery of Rutherford scattering off the nucleus with the gold foil experiment. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... The premises of the Royal Society in London. ... August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom. ... The Bohr model of the atom In atomic physics, the Bohr model depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in orbit - similar in structure to the solar system, but with electrostatic forces providing attraction, rather than gravity. ... Properties An atom (Greek άτομον from ά: non and τομον: divisible) is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter. ... Rutherford scattering is a phenomenon that was explained by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, and led to the development of the orbital theory of the atom. ... A stylized representation of a lithium atom. ... Top: Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed. ...

Rutherford was born at Spring Grove, (now in Brightwater), near Nelson. He studied at Nelson College and won a scholarship to study at Canterbury College, University of New Zealand, with three degrees and two years of research at the forefront of electrical technology. Brightwater is a town 20 kilometres southwest of Nelson in the South Island of New Zealand. ... The city of Nelson stands on the eastern side of Tasman Bay at the northern end of the South Island of New Zealand. ... Nelson College is the oldest state secular secondary school in New Zealand founded on April 7, 1856 in Nelson, New Zealand. ... The New Zealand University Bursary or Bursary was New Zealands standard secondary school leaving qualification gained at the end of NZ Form VII (= UK Upper Sixth Form). ... The University of Canterbury is located in the suburbs of the city of Christchurch, New Zealand. ... The former University of New Zealand existed as New Zealands only degree awarding university from 1870 to 1961. ...

In 1895 Rutherford travelled to England for postgraduate study at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge (1895-1898), and was resident at Trinity College. There he briefly held the world record for the distance over which wireless waves were detected. During the investigation of radioactivity he coined the terms alpha, beta, and gamma rays. 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK... Plaque The Cavendish Laboratory is Cambridge Universitys Department of Physics, and is part of the universitys School of Physical Sciences. ... The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Full name The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity Motto Virtus vera nobilitas Virtue is true Nobility Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names Kings Hall and Michaelhouse (until merged in 1546) Established 1546 Sister College(s) Christ Church Master The Lord Rees of Ludlow Location Trinity Street... Radioactivity may mean: Look up radioactivity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An alpha particle is deflected by a magnetic field Alpha particles or alpha rays are a form of particle radiation which are highly ionizing and have low penetration. ... Beta particles are high-energy electrons emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei such as potassium-40. ... This article is about electromagnetic radiation. ...

Lord Rutherford of Nelson on the New Zealand 100 dollar note

In 1898 Rutherford was appointed to the chair of physics at McGill University where he did the work which gained him the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He had demonstrated that radioactivity was the spontaneous disintegration of atoms. He noticed that in a sample of radioactive material it invariably took the same amount of time for half the sample to decay — its "half-life" — and created a practical application for this phenomenon using this constant rate of decay as a clock, which could then be used to help determine the actual age of the Earth that turned out to be much older than most scientists at the time believed. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A New Zealand $100 polymer banknote, replacement of the old paper notes. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... McGill University (Université McGill), is a publicly funded, research-intensive, non-denominational, co-educational university located in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ... Disintegration (album) Disintegration (physics This is a disambiguation page — a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Properties An atom (Greek άτομον from ά: non and τομον: divisible) is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter. ... Half-Life For a quantity subject to exponential decay, the half-life is the time required for the quantity to fall to half of its initial value. ... Earth is the third-closest planet to the Sun. ...

Rutherford's coat of arms, which incorporates Hermes Trismegistus (left) and elements from his native New Zealand, a kiwi bird (top) and a Māori warrior (right). The Latin motto Primordia Quaerere Rerum means "To seek the first principles of things", taken from On the Nature of Things by Lucretius.

In 1907 he took the chair of physics at the University of Manchester. There he discovered the nuclear nature of atoms and was the world's first successful "alchemist": he converted nitrogen into oxygen. While working with Niels Bohr (who figured out that electrons moved in specific orbits) Rutherford theorized about the existence of neutrons, which could somehow compensate for the repulsive effect of the positive charges of protons by causing an attractive nuclear force and thus keeping the nuclei from breaking apart. Ernest Rutherfords coat of arms, which incorporates Hermes Trismegistus (left) and elements from his native New Zealand, a kiwi bird (top) and a Maori warrior (right). ... Ernest Rutherfords coat of arms, which incorporates Hermes Trismegistus (left) and elements from his native New Zealand, a kiwi bird (top) and a Maori warrior (right). ... Hermes Trismegistus (Greek for Hermes the thrice-greatest, Greek: Ερμης ο Τρισμεγιστος) or Mercurius ter Maximus in Latin, is the syncretism of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian Thoth. ... Species n. ... Māori is the name of the indigenous people of New Zealand, and their language. ... Not to be confused with The Nature of Things, a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television show about natural science. ... Lucretius Titus Lucretius Carus (ca. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The University of Manchester in Manchester, England, was formed by the merger of the Victoria University of Manchester (commonly known as the University of Manchester before the merger) and UMIST (University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology) on 1 October 2004. ... Alchemy is an early protoscience|protoscientific and philosophy|philosophical discipline combining the elements of chemistry, metallurgy, physics, medicine, astrology, semiotics, mysticism, and art. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (October 7, 1885 – November 18, 1962) was a Jewish-Danish physicist who made essential contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics. ... Properties In physics, the neutron is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge and a mass of 939. ... Properties In physics, the proton (Greek proton = first) is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit (1. ...

In 1917 he returned to the Cavendish as Director. Under him, Nobel Prizes were awarded to Chadwick for discovering the neutron (in 1932), Cockcroft and Walton for splitting the atom using a particle accelerator and Appleton for demonstrating the existence of the ionosphere. 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Sir James Chadwick (October 20, 1891 – July 24, 1974) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate. ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) is a leap year starting on Friday. ... See also: John Cockroft (politician) Sir John Douglas Cockcroft (May 27, 1897 - September 18, 1967) was a British physicist. ... Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (October 6, 1903 – June 25, 1995) was an Irish physicist, the winner of the 1951 Nobel Prize for Physics along with Sir John Douglas Cockcroft. ... A 1960s single stage 2MeV linear Van de Graaff accelerator, here opened for maintenance A particle accelerator is a device which uses electric and/or magnetic fields to propel electrically charged particles to high speeds. ... Sir Edward Victor Appleton (September 6, 1892 – April 21, 1965) was an English physicist. ... The ionosphere is the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. ...

His research, along with that of his protege, Sir Mark Oliphant was instrumental in the convening of the Manhattan Project. Sir Marcus Mark Laurence Elwin Oliphant (October 8, 1901 - July 14, 2000) was an Australian physicist and humanitarian. ... Control panels and operators for calutrons at the Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. ...

He was knighted in 1914, was admitted to the Order of Merit in 1925 and in 1931 was created Baron Rutherford of Nelson of Cambridge in the County of Cambridge, a title which became extinct upon his death. He appears on New Zealand's $100 note and has appeared on postage stamps of the Soviet Union (1971), Canada (1971), Sweden (1968) and New Zealand (1971 and 1999). In 1997 the element rutherfordium was named in his honour. A West Auckland school has been named after him (Rutherford College, Auckland) and the physics building at McGill University. Also, craters on Mars and the Moon are named after him. An asteroid was named for his birth place. The dignity of Knight Bachelor is a part of the British honours system. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... This 1974 stamp from Japan depicts a Class 8620 steam locomotive. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... General Name, Symbol, Number rutherfordium, Rf, 104 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (261) g/mol Electron configuration probably [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 Phase presumably a... Rutherford College is a co-educational state secondary school in Te Atatu Peninsula, Auckland, New Zealand. ... Tycho crater on Earths moon. ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ... Crust composition Oxygen 43% Silicon 21% Aluminium 10% Calcium 9% Iron 9% Magnesium 5% Titanium 2% Nickel 0. ...

He is famously quoted as saying: "In science there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting." Stamp collecting is the collecting of postage stamps and related objects, such as covers (envelopes or packages with stamps on them). ...

Sherrington is considered one of the fathers of neuroscience. ... The President of the Royal Society (PRS) is the elected head of the Royal Society of London. ... Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (June 20, 1861 – May 16, 1947) was an English biochemist, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929 with Christiaan Eijkman for the discovery of vitamins. ...

External links

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Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson

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Ernest Rutherford

• http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/museum/rutherford_museum.htm
• http://www.rutherford.org.nz
• http://www.dnzb.govt.nz
• http://www.nobel.se
• www.orcbs.msu.edu
• www.pbs.org
• http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/rutherford.html
• alsos.wlu.edu Bibliography for Ernest Rutherford