Ernst von Mansfeld

Ernst, Graf von Mansfield (c. 1580 – November 29, 1626), German soldier, was an illegitimate son of Peter Ernst, Fürst von Mansfeld, and passed his early years in his father's palace at Luxembourg. Ernst, Graf von Mansfield, from the Swedish wiki File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Ernst, Graf von Mansfield, from the Swedish wiki File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ...

He gained his earliest military experiences in Hungary, where his half-brother Charles (1543-1595,) also a soldier of renown, held a high command in the imperial army. Later he served under the Archduke Leopold, until that prince's ingratitude, real or fancied, drove him into the arms of the enemies of the house of Habsburg. Although remaining a Roman Catholic he allied himself with the Protestant princes, and during the earlier part of the Thirty Years' War he was one of their foremost champions. This page is about the Germanic empire. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally in the Central European territory of the Holy Roman Empire, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ...

He was despatched by Charles Emmanuel, duke of Savoy, at the head of about 2000 men to aid the revolting Bohemians when war broke out in 1618. He took Plzeň, but in the summer of 1619 he was defeated at Záblatí; after this he offered his services to the emperor Ferdinand II and remained inactive while the titular king of Bohemia, Frederick V, elector palatine of the Rhine, was driven in headlong rout from Prague. Mansfeld, however, was soon appointed by Frederick to command his army in Bohemia, and in 1621 he took up his position in the Upper Palatinate, successfully resisting the efforts made by Tilly to dislodge him. Charles Emmanuel I (b. ... Bohemia For the place in the USA, see Bohemia, New York. ... Events March 8 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery). ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... The Battle of Záblatí, in some sources also battle of Sablat, occurred on 10 June 1619 during the Bohemian period of the Thirty Years War. ... Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. ... Frederick V, Elector Palatine Frederick is also called the Winter King of Bohemia because he reigned for less than three months in 1620 after he was installed by a rebellious Protestant faction. ... Prague (Czech: Praha, see also other names) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria. ... Count Tilly on a portrait by van Dyck Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly (February, 1559 - April 30, 1632) was a general in Bavarian and later imperial service during the Thirty Years War, upon whom Ferdinand II depended (since Wallenstein was a threat). ...

From the Upper he passed into the Rhenish Palatinate. Here he relieved Frankenthal and took Hagenau; then, joined by his master, the elector Frederick, he defeated Tilly at Wiesloch (April 25, 1622) and plundered Alsace and Hesse. But Mansfeld's ravages were not confined to the lands of his enemies; they were ruinous to the districts he was commissioned to defend. The Rhenish Palatinate (German: Rheinpfalz) or Lower Palatinate (Niederpfalz) occupies rather more than a quarter of the German Bundesland (federal state) of Rhineland-Palatinate Rheinland-Pfalz) and contains the towns of Ludwigshafen, Kaiserslautern, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Pirmasens, Landau, and Speyer. ... Frankenthal is a city in southwestern Germany, in the state of Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate). ... Haguenau (German: Hagenau) is a commune of northeastern France, in the Bas-Rhin département, of which it is a sous-préfecture. ... Battle of Wiesloch Conflict Thirty Years War Date April 25, 1622 Place Wiesloch near Heidelberg Result Protestant victory The Battle of Wiesloch was fought on April 25, 1622, near the German village of Wiesloch, south of Heidelberg, between a Protestant army under Count von Mansfeld and the margrave of Baden... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ... Capital Strasbourg Area 8,280 km² Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Population  - 2004 estimate  - 1999 census  - Density (Ranked 14th) 1,793,000 1,734,145 217/km² (2004) Arrondissements 13 Cantons 75 Communes 903 Départements Bas-Rhin Haut-Rhin Alsace (French: Alsace; Alsatian/German: Elsass) is one... With an area of 21,110 km² and just over six million inhabitants, Hesse (German: Hessen) is one of Germanys sixteen federal states (Bundesländer). ...

At length Frederick was obliged to dismiss Mansfeld's troops from his service. Then joining Christian of Brunswick the count led his army through Lorraine, devastating the country as he went, and in August 1622 defeating the Spaniards at Fleurus. He next entered the service of the United Provinces and took up his quarters in East Frisia, capturing fortresses and inflicting great hardships upon the inhabitants. A mercenary and a leader of mercenaries, Mansfeld often interrupted his campaigns by journeys made for the purpose of raising money, or in other words of selling his services to the highest bidder, and in these diplomatic matters he showed considerable skill. Lorraine can refer to: the historical independent duchy and later French province of Lorraine: see Lorraine (province). ... Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ... Battle of Fleurus Conflict Thirty Years War Date August 29, 1622 Place Fleurus, Belgium Result Protestant victory The Battle of Fleurus in 1622 was a battle in the Thirty Years War. ... This article is about the Dutch United Provinces. ... East Frisia (Ostfriesland) is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony. ... A mercenary is a soldier who fights, or engages in warfare primarily for private gain, usually with little regard for ideological, national or political considerations. ...

About 1624 he paid three visits to London, where he was hailed as a hero by the populace, and at least one to Paris. James I was anxious to furnish him with men and money for the recovery of the palatinate, but it was not until January 1625 that Mansfeld and his army of "raw and poor rascals" sailed from Dover to the Netherlands. Later in the year, the Thirty Years' War having been renewed under the leadership of Christian IV of Denmark, he re-entered Germany to take part therein. But on April 25, 1626 Wallenstein inflicted a severe defeat upon him at the bridge of Dessau. Mansfeld, however, quickly raised another army, with which he intended to attack the hereditary lands of the house of Austria, and pursued by Wallenstein he pressed forward towards Hungary, where he hoped to accomplish his purpose by the aid of Bethlem Gabor, prince of Transylvania. But when Gabor changed his policy and made peace with the emperor, Mansfeld was compelled to disband his troops. He set out for Venice, but when he reached Rakowitza he was taken ill, and here he died on the November 29, 1626. He was buried at Spalato. Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... The clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... James VI of Scots and James I of England and Ireland (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) ruled England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. ... Arms of Dover Borough Council This article is about the English port. ... King Christian IV. Christian IV (1588–1648), king of Denmark and Norway, the son of Frederick II, king of Denmark and Norway, and Sophia of Mecklenburg, was born at Frederiksborg castle in 1577, and succeeded to the throne on the death of his father (April 4, 1588), attaining his majority... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein (also Waldstein, Czech: Albrecht Václav Eusebius z ValdÅ¡tejna), September 24, 1583 – February 25, 1634) was a Bohemian soldier and politician who gave his services (an army of 30,000 to 100,000 men) during the Danish Period of the Thirty Years War to... Map of Germany showing Dessau Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. ... Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania (1580-1629) Gabriel (Gabor) Bethlen (Hungarian: Bethlen Gábor, Slovak: Gabriel Betlen) (1580-1629), prince of Transylvania (1613-1629) and leader of a anti-Habsburg insurrection in the Habsburg Royal Hungary on the territory of present-day Slovakia. ... Location within Italy Venice (Italian: Venezia), the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto and of the province of Venice, 45°26′ N 12°19′ E, population 271,663 (census estimate 2004-01-01). ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Split Harbour See stock split for the investing term. ...

Bibliography:

• F. Stieve, Ernst von Mansfeld (Munich, 1890)
• R. Reuss, Graf Ernst von Mansfeld im böhmischen Kriege (Brunswick, 1865)
• A. C. de Vilk-rmont, Ernest de Mansfeldt (Brussels, 1866)
• L. Graf Uetterodt zu Schaffenberg, Ernst Graf zu Mansfeld (Gotha; 1867)
• J. Grossmann, Des Grafen Ernst von Mansfeld letzte Pläne und Thaten (Breslau, 1870)
• E. Fischer, Des Mansfelders Tod (Berlin, 1873)
• S. R. Gardiner, History of England, vols. iv. and v. (1901);
• J. L. Motley, Life and Death of John of Barneveld (ed. 1904; vol. ii.)

Notes

• Note regarding personal names: Graf is a title, usually translated Count, not a first or middle name.

Graf (from the Latin Grafio scribe from the Greek) is a German noble title equal in rank to a count (derived from the Latin Comes, with a history of its own) or a British earl (an original Anglo-Saxon title). ...

Reference

• This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.