NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ernst Barlach

Ernst Barlach, (born January 2, 1870 in Wedel, Pinneberg, Germany; died October 24, 1938 in Rostock, Germany) was a famous German expressionist sculptor. He also worked as a graphic designer and writer. Although he was a supporter of the war in the years leading to World War I, his participation in the war made him change his position, and he is mostly known for his sculptures protesting against the war. This created many conflicts during the rise of the Nazis, when most of his works were confiscated as degenerate art. Ernst Barlach Source: [1] Copyright expired due to age of the photo. ... Ernst Barlach Source: [1] Copyright expired due to age of the photo. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Wedel is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ... Pinneberg is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Rostock is a city in northern Germany. ... The Scream by Edvard Munch (1893) which inspired 20th century Expressionists Portrait of Eduard Kosmack by Egon Schiele Rehe im Walde by Franz Marc Elbe Bridge I by Rolf Nesch On White II by Wassily Kandinsky, 1923. ... why hello hello Sculptor redirects here. ... Graphic design is the applied art of arranging image and text to communicate a message. ... The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler and Adolf Ziegler visit the Nazi exhibition of degenerate art. ...

Biography

Youth

Ernst Barlach was born on January 2, 1870 in Wedel, Pinneberg, Germany by the river Elbe, just west of Hamburg, as the oldest of the four sons of Johanna Luise Barlach and Dr Georg Barlach. His brothers were Hans (1871) and the twins Nikolaus and Joseph (1872). He attended primary school in Ratzeburg. It was during this period that his father died early in 1884. This article is about a river in Central Europe. ... Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Ratzeburg is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ... 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Study Years

Barlach studied from 1888 to 1891 at the Gewerbeschule Hamburg. Due to his artistic talent, he continued his studies at the Königlichen Akademie der bildenden Künste zu Dresden (Royal Art School Dresden) as a student of Robert Diez between 1891 and 1895. He created his first major sculpture during this time, Die Krautpflückerin (The Herb Plucker). He continued his studies for one more year in Paris at the Académie Julian, but remained critical of the German tendency to copy the style of French artists. Nevertheless he returned to Paris again for a few months in 1897 to undertake further studies. 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... For other uses, see Dresden (disambiguation). ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Seeking

After his studies, Barlach worked for some time as a sculptor in Hamburg and Altona, working mainly in an Art Nouveau style. He produced illustrations for the Art Nouveau magazine Jugend 1897-1902, and made sculpture in a style close to Art Nouveau, including some ceramic statues. Afterwards, he also worked as a teacher at a school for ceramics. His first solo exhibition took place at the Kunstsalon Richard Mutz, Berlin, in 1904. Altona may refer to various places: Altona, Victoria, a seaside suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Altona, Illinois, a village located in Knox County, Illinois Altona, Indiana, a town located in DeKalb County, Indiana Altona, Hamburg, the westmost district in the city of Hamburg, Germany Altona, Manitoba, a town located in... Poster by Alfons Mucha Art Nouveau (IPA: , anglicised ) (French for new art) is an international style of art, architecture and design that peaked in popularity at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Alfons Mucha, lithographed poster Dancel (1898). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Formative years

However, the lack of commercial success of his works depressed Barlach. To lighten up, he decided to travel for 8 weeks together with his brother Nikolaus and to visit his brother Hans in Russia. This trip to Russia in 1906 was one of the greatest influences on him and his artistic style. Also during his travels in Russia his son Nikolaus was born on August 20, 1906, starting a two-year fight with the mother, Rosa Schwab, for the custody of the child, whom Barlach finally was given custody of. 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

After returning from Russia, his financial situation improved considerably, as he received a fixed salary from the art dealer Paul Cassirer in exchange for his sculptures. The formative experiences in Russia and the financial security helped him to develop his own style, focusing on the faces and hands of the people in his sculptures and reducing the other parts of the figures to a minimum. He also began to make wood carvings and bronzes of figures swathed in heavy drapery like those in early Gothic art, and in dramatic attitudes expressive of powerful emotions and a yearning for spiritual ecstasy. He also worked for the German journal Simplicissimus, and started to produce some literature. His works were shown on various exhibitions. He also spent ten months in Florence, Italy in 1909 and afterwards settled in 1910 in Güstrow in Mecklenburg, where he spent the rest of his life. Carving can mean Rock carving Wood carving Meat carving See also: Sculpture, Lapidary This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... The Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral ( 1145). ... Simplicissimus was a satirical German weekly magazine started by Albert Langen in April 1896 and published through 1944. ... Florences skyline Florences skyline at night from Piazza Michaelangelo Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... GÃ¼strow is a town in the Land of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ... The great coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western-Pommerania Mecklenburg is a geographical area located in Northern Germany. ...

In the years before World War I, he was a patriotic and enthusiastic supporter of the war, awaiting a new artistic age from the war. This support for the war can also be seen in his works, as for example the statue Der Rächer (The Avenger), from December 1914. His awaited new artistic age came for him when he volunteered to join the war between 1915 and 1916 as an infantry soldier, and he returned as a pacifist and a staunch opponent of war. The horror of the war influenced all of his subsequent works. Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. ...

Popularity

His fame increased after the war, and he received many awards and became a member in the prestigious Preußischen Akademie der Künste (Prussian Art Academy) in 1919 and the Akademie der Bildenden Künste München (Munich Art Academy) in 1925. Barlach rejected a number of honorary degrees and teaching positions. In 1925 he also met Bernhard and Marga Böhmer for the first time. Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich: St. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... An honorary degree (Latin: honoris causa ad gradum, not to be confused with an honors degree) is an academic degree awarded to an individual as a decoration, rather than as the result of matriculating and studying for several years. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Degenerate art

From 1928 onward Barlach also generated many anti-war sculptures based on his experiences in the war. This pacifist position went against the political trend during the rise of Nazism, and he was the target of much criticism. For example, the Magdeburger Ehrenmal (Magdeburg cenotaph) was ordered by the city of Magdeburg to be a memorial of World War I, and it was expected to show heroic German soldiers fighting for their glorious country. Barlach, however, created a sculpture with a French, German, and Russian soldier showing the horror, pain and desperation of the war. This naturally created a controversy with the pro-war population, and the sculpture was removed. Friends of Barlach were able to hide the sculpture until after the war, when it was returned to the Magdeburg Cathedral. Yet the attacks on Barlach continued until his death. Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler and Adolf Ziegler visit the Nazi exhibition of degenerate art. ... Download high resolution version (1011x1469, 140 KB)Magdeburger Ehrenmal (Magdeburg cenotaph) from Ernst Barlach, 1929. ... Download high resolution version (1011x1469, 140 KB)Magdeburger Ehrenmal (Magdeburg cenotaph) from Ernst Barlach, 1929. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... National Socialism redirects here. ... The Cenotaph, London A ceremony at the Cenotaph, London, on Sunday 12th June 2005, remembering Irish war dead Memorial Cenotaph, Hiroshima, Japan A cenotaph is a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... View of Magdeburg with the cathedral on the right The Cathedral of Magdeburg, officially called the Cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice (known as Magdeburger Dom in German) was the first Gothic cathedral in Germany and with a height of 104 m, it is the tallest cathedral in the former...

In 1931 Barlach started to live with Marga Böhmer, whereas her ex-husband and Barlach's friend Bernhard Böhmer lived with his new wife Hella. Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ...

In 1936, his works were confiscated during an exhibition together with the works of Käthe Kollwitz and Wilhelm Lehmbruck, and the majority of his remaining works were confiscated, for example the Güstrower Ehrenmal (Güstrow cenotaph) and the Hamburger Ehrenmal (Hamburg cenotaph). Barlach himself was prohibited from working as a sculptor, and his membership in the art academies was canceled. This rejection is reflected in his final works before his death on October 24, 1938 in Rostock, Germany. He is buried in the cemetery in Ratzeburg. 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Statue of Kollwitz in East Berlin KÃ¤the Schmidt Kollwitz (July 8, 1867 - 22 April 1945) was a German artist whose work, mostly produced in the print media, offered an eloquent and often searing account of the human condition in the first half of the 20th century. ... Die Kniende (kneeing woman), 1911 Wilhelm Lehmbruck (* January 4, 1881 in Duisburg, â€ March 25, 1919 in Berlin) was a German sculptor. ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Rostock is a city in northern Germany. ... Ratzeburg is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ...

In addition to his sculpture, Barlach also wrote eight Expressionist dramas, two novels and an autobiography Ein selbsterzähltes Leben 1928, and had a distinguished oeuvre of woodcuts and lithographs from about 1910 onwards, including illustrations for his own plays. This does not cite its references or sources. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... Cover of An autobiography, from the Greek auton, self, bios, life and graphein, write, is a biography written by the subject or composed conjointly with a collaborative writer (styled as told to or with). The term dates from the late eighteenth century, but the form is much older. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

Works

Nuremberg coat of arms Location of Nuremberg Nuremberg (German: NÃ¼rnberg) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. ... GÃ¼strow is a town in the Land of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ... Nuremberg coat of arms Location of Nuremberg Nuremberg (German: NÃ¼rnberg) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. ... Kiel ( ) is a city in northern Germany and the capital of the Bundesland Schleswig-Holstein. ... View of Magdeburg with the cathedral on the right The Cathedral of Magdeburg, officially called the Cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice (known as Magdeburger Dom in German) was the first Gothic cathedral in Germany and with a height of 99,25 and 100. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... Schwerin is a town in northern Germany. ...

External Links

Categories: 1870 births | 1938 deaths | Art Nouveau | Expressionism | German sculptors | German writers January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Wedel is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ... Pinneberg is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Rostock is a city in northern Germany. ...

Contents

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