Ernst Jünger as a soldier in World War I

Ernst Jünger, Juenger or Junger in English, (March 29, 1895 – February 17, 1998) was a German author of novels and accounts of his war experiences. He is recognised as one of Germany's greatest modern writers and hailed as a hero of the Conservative Revolution movement. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (89th in Leap years). ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). ... This article is about the type of character. ... The Conservative Revolutionary movement was a German nationalist literary youth movement, prominent in the years following World War I. Later, the Nazis claimed the Conservative Revolutionary heritage as their own, although in reality they have had very little to do with it. ...

Life and work

He was born in Heidelberg and grew up in Hanover as the son of a pharmacist. Jünger went to school between the years of 1901 and 1913 and was member of the "Wandervogel"-movement. He ran away from home to join the French Foreign Legion where he served in North Africa. During World War I he served in the German Army on the Western Front. This time of war is described in The Storm of Steel (German: In Stahlgewittern) which was published in 1920. The novel has been seen as somewhat war-glorifying, especially in comparison to the other major German WWI novel, All Quiet on the Western Front (Im Westen nichts Neues), by Remarque. Jünger served as a lieutenant in the army of the Weimar Republic until his demobilisation in 1923. He studied marine biology, zoology, botany and philosophy and became a well-known Entomologist. He married Gretha von Jeinsen in 1925; they had two children. Map of Germany showing Heidelberg Heidelberg (halfway between Stuttgart and Frankfurt) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Alternate meanings: Hanover (district), Hanover (region), Hanover (state), other uses Map of Germany showing Hanover Hanover (in German: Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the Leine river, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) in Germany. ... 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Wandervogel was the name adopted by a popular movement of German youth groups from 1896 onward. ... The French Foreign Legion (F. Légion Étrangère) has been a military unit of the French Army since 1831. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | North Africa ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... For most of World War I, Allied Forces, predominantly those of France and the United Kingdom, were stalled at trenches on the Western Front. ... Storm of Steel (in German: In Stahlgewittern, ISBN 0865273103) is the memoir of German officer Ernst Jüngers experiences on the Western Front during the First World War. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... All Quiet on the Western Front is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I, about the horrors of that war and also the deep detachment from German civilian life felt by many men returning from the front. ... Erich Maria Remarque (June 22, 1898 - September 25, 1970) was the pseudonym of Erich Paul Remark, a German author. ... A Lieutenant is a military or paramilitary officer. ... The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic (Pronounced Vye-Mar, and in German it is known as the Weimarer Republik). It is named after the city of Weimar, where a national assembly convened to produce a new constitution after the German monarchy... Demobilization is the process of standing down a nations armed forces from combat-ready status. ... Marine biology is the study of animal and plant life within saltwater ecosystems. ... Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... Philosophy (from the Greek words philos and sophia meaning love of wisdom) is understood in different ways historically and by different philosophers. ... Entomology is the scientific study of insects. ... Events January-May January 3 - Benito Mussolini announces he is taking dictatorial powers over Italy. ...

In the 1920s Jünger published articles in several right-wing nationalist journals. In Storm of Steel and Feuer und Blut (eng: Fire and Blood) Jünger glorified war as an internal event. He criticized the Democracy of the Weimar Republic, but he did not actively support the National Socialist movement around Hitler. Jünger refused the offer to head the Nazi Writer's Union. In 1927 he moved to Berlin. He was a soldier as well as a sensitive poet with extraordinary knowledge about plants, nature and insects. The Adventurous Heart (German: Das abenteuerliche Herz) (1929). In Über Nationalismus und Judenfrage (1930, eng: On Nationalism and the Jewish Question) Jünger describes "the Jews" as a threat for the Germans. In 1932 he published The Worker (German: Der Arbeiter), which called for the creation of a totally mobilized society run by warrior-worker-scholars. Jünger left Berlin in 1933, his house was searched by the Gestapo, secret-police, and from 1938 he was forbidden to write. On the Marble Cliffs (German: Auf den Marmorklippen) uses metaphor to describe Jünger's perceptions of the situation in Hitler's Germany. He served in World War II as an Army Captain. His time in France is described in his diary Gärten und Straßen 1942. Jünger was involved in the fringes of the Stauffenberg bomb plot - not directly but as a figure of intellectual inspiration. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s Years: 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Referred to as the Roaring 20s. ... In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. ... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) is a daily record of events or business. ... Storm of Steel (in German: In Stahlgewittern, ISBN 0865273103) is the memoir of German officer Ernst Jüngers experiences on the Western Front during the First World War. ... For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). ... Democracy is a form of government under which the power to alter the laws and structures of government lies, ultimately, with the citizenry. ... The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic (Pronounced Vye-Mar, and in German it is known as the Weimarer Republik). It is named after the city of Weimar, where a national assembly convened to produce a new constitution after the German monarchy... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... Events January 7 - First transatlantic telephone call - New York City to London January 9 - Military rebellion crushed in Lisbon January 14 - Paul Doumer elected president of France January 19 - Britain sends troops to China February 12 - First British troops lad on Shanghai February 14 - Earthquake in Yugoslavia - 700 dead February... Poets are authors of poems. ... Divisions Green algae land plants (embryophytes) non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes) seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongue ferns seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering... For alternative meanings, see nature (disambiguation). ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Symphypleona - globular springtails Subclass Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) Subclass Dicondylia Monura - extinct Thysanura (common bristletails) Subclass Pterygota Diaphanopteroidea - extinct Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Megasecoptera - extinct Archodonata - extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Blattodea (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Isoptera (termites) Zoraptera Grylloblattodea Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... The word German can mean: From or related to Germany or its predecessor states - see also the German language Germanic tribes Holy Roman Empire (843-1806) German Confederation (1815-1866) North German Confederation (1867 - 1871) Germany, the modern nation-state founded in 1871 When used to denote a person, Germans... A warrior is a person habitually engaged in combat. ... In classical economics and all micro-economics labour is one of three factors of production, the others being land and capital. ... A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline. ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Gestapo is a portmanteau contraction of the name of the official secret police force of Nazi Germany, Geheime Staatspolizei, (German for secret state police). During the reign of Nazi Germany, the Gestapo was the central intelligence agency of Germany, under the overall administration of the SS. It was administrated by... 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... In language, a metaphor is a rhetorical trope where a comparison is made between two seemingly unrelated subjects. ... A nations army is its military, or more specifically, all of its land forces. ... Captain is both a nautical term and a military rank. ... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ... The July 20 Plot was a failed coup détat which involved an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ...

After the war his books were forbidden for a few years. Jünger's The Peace (German: Der Friede), written in 1943 and published in 1947, marked the end of his involvement in Politics. Jünger refused to appear at a "Denazification"-tribunal. His diaries from 1939 to 1949 were published under the title Strahlungen (1948). In the 1950s and 1960s Jünger travelled extensively. His first wife, Gretha, died in 1960, and in 1962 he married Liselotte Lohrer. Politics is the process and method of decision-making for groups of human beings. ... Denazification (German: Entnazifizierung) was an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary and politics of any remnants of the Nazi regime. ... Events and trends Technology United States tests the first fusion bomb. ... Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. ...

Ernst Jünger has been among the forerunners of "Magic Realism". Jünger's future-visions of an overmechanized world threatens individualism described in The Glass Bees (German: Gläserne Bienen) (1957) could be seen as "Science Fiction". Magic Realism (or Magical Realism) is an illustrative or literary technique in which the laws of cause and effect seem not quite to apply in otherwise real world situations. ... 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ...

Throughout his whole life he had experimented with drugs as: ether, cocaine, and hashish; thirty years later he used mescaline and LSD. This experiments were recorded comprehensively in Annäherungen (1970). The novel Besuch auf Godenholm (1952) is clearly influenced by his early experiments with mescaline and LSD. He met several times with LSD inventor Albert Hofmann and they took LSD together. Hofmann's memoir LSD, My Problem Child describes some of these meetings. Many drugs are provided in tablet form. ... For ether as it applies to physics and philosophy, see Aether; for the Mormon prophet Ether, see Book of Ether. ... Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ... A piece of Morrocan hashish compared to a popcorn Hashish (also known as hash or dope) is a psychoactive drug derived from the cannabis plant. ... Mescaline powder Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine family. ... LSD blotter paper D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, commonly called acid, LSD, or LSD-25, is a powerful semisynthetic hallucinogen and psychedelic entheogen. ... Mescaline powder Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine family. ... LSD blotter paper D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, commonly called acid, LSD, or LSD-25, is a powerful semisynthetic hallucinogen and psychedelic entheogen. ... Dr. Albert Hofmann Dr. Albert Hofmann (born 11 January Swiss scientist and best known as the father of LSD. He was born in Baden, Switzerland, and studied chemistry at the University of Zurich. ...

His 100th birthday on March 29, 1995, was met with praises from various individuals and fans, including François Mitterrand. March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (89th in Leap years). ... François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterand ( October 26, 1916 - January 8, 1996;  pronunciation?) was a French politician and President of France from May 1981, re-elected in 1988, until 1995. ...

Jünger was a close friend of Martin Heidegger. Jünger was admired by Julius Evola who published a book called L'Operaio nel pensiero di Ernst Juenger (Rome, 1960), in which he summarized The Worker. Martin Heidegger Martin Heidegger (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976) was a German philosopher. ... Julius Evola, real name Giulio Cesare Evola, aka Baron Giulio (May 19, 1898-June 11, 1974), was a controversial Italian esotericist, who wrote prolifically on matters political, philosophical, historical, and religious from a Traditionalist point of view. ... The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin Roma) is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region. ...

Ernst Jünger died on February 17, 1998 in Wilflingen, Swabia. February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Swabia (German Schwaben) is a historic region in Germany and a language area. ...

He was also the only German who received the military Pour le Mérite of the Kaiserreich and the civil version of the Federal Republic of Germany. With his death the last bearer of the military version died. The Pour le Mérite, known informally as the Blue Max, was Germanys highest military order awarded during World War I. The award was first founded in 1740, named in French, the language of the royal court, for merit. ... This article or section should include material from German Monarchy The term German Empire (the translation from German of Deutsches Reich) commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ... The Federal Republic of Germany can refer to two things: West Germany from 1949-1990 Germany since German reunification in 1990 ...

Ernst's brother Friedrich Georg Jünger (1898 - 1977) was a poet and essayist. 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...

Bibliography

• • For an English listing, see
• Jünger's works translated into English (http://www.juenger.org/bibliography_english.php)

• • A complete listing:
• Books in German, including those translated (http://www.juenger.org/bibliography_books_german.php)

Selected works

• In Stahlgewittern, 1920 - The Storm of Steel (ISBN 0865273103)
• Der Kampf als inneres Erlebnis, 1922
• Das Wäldchen 125 Basil Creighton - Copse 125: A Chronicle from the Trench Warfare of 1918 (ISBN 0865273790)
• Feuer und Blut, 1925
• Das abenteurliche Herz, 1929 - The Adventurous Heart
• Die totale Mobilmachung, 1931
• Der Arbeiter, Herrschaft und Gestalt, 1932 - Worker: Dominion and Gestalt (ISBN 0791404099)
• Geheimnisse der Sprache, 1934
• Blätter und Steine, 1934
• Afrikanische Spiele, 1936
• Auf den Marmorkippen, 1939 - On the Marble Cliffs (ISBN 0140029850)
• Gärten und Straßen - 1942
• Myrdun. Briefe aus Norwegen, 1943
• Der Friede, 1947 - The Peace
• Atlantische Fahrt, 1947
• Sprache und Körperbau, 1947
• Ein Inselfrühling, 1948
• Heliopolis, 1949
• Strahlungen, 1949
• Über die Linie, 1950
• Der Waldang, 1951
• Besuch auf Godenholm, 1952
• Der Gordische Knoten, 1953
• Das Sanduhrbuch, 1954
• Am Sarazenenturm, 1955
• Rivarol, 1956
• Serpentara, 1957
• Gläserne Bienen, 1957 - The Glass Bees (ISBN 0374521735)
• San Pietro, 1957
• Jahre der Occupation, 1958
• An der Zeitmauer, 1959
• Sgraffiti, 1960
• Der Welstaat, 1960
• Ein Vormittag in Antibes, 1960
• Das spanische Mondhorn, 1963
• Sturm, 1963
• Geheimnisse der Sprache, 1963
• Typhus, Name Gestalt, 1963
• Werke, 1961-1965 (10 vols.)
• Grenzgänge, 1966
• Subtile Jagden, 1967
• Im Granit, 1967
• Federbälle, 1969
• Annäherungen: Drogen und Rausch, 1970
• Ad hoc, 1970
• Lettern und Ideogramme, 1970
• Sinn und Bedeutung, 1971
• Die Zwille, 1973
• Zahlen und Götter; Philemon und Baukis, 1974
• Eumeswil, 1977 - Eumeswil (ISBN 0941419975)
• Sämtliche Werke, 1979 ff (18 vols.)
• Paul Léautaud in Memoriam, 1980
• Siebzig Verweht, 1980-81
• Flugträume, 1983
• Aladins Problem, 1983 - Aladdin's Problem (ISBN 070430208X)
• Autor und Autorschaft, 1984
• Eine gefährliche Begegnung, 1985 - A Dangerous Encounter (ISBN 0941419371)
• Zwei Mal Halley, 1987
• Die Schere, 1990

See also: 1919 in literature, other events of 1920, 1921 in literature, List of years in literature. ... Storm of Steel (in German: In Stahlgewittern, ISBN 0865273103) is the memoir of German officer Ernst Jüngers experiences on the Western Front during the First World War. ... See also: 1921 in literature, other events of 1922, 1923 in literature, list of years in literature. ... See also: 1938 in literature, other events of 1939, 1940 in literature, list of years in literature. ... See also: 1941 in literature, other events of 1942, 1943 in literature, list of years in literature. ... See also: 1942 in literature, other events of 1943, 1944 in literature, list of years in literature. ... -1...

Books about Jünger

• The Violent Eye: Ernst Junger's Visions and Revisions on the European Right by Marcus P. Bullock (Wayne State University Press, 1992, ISBN 0814323340)
• The Details of Time: Conversations With Ernst Junger by Julien Hervier (Marsilio Pub, 1995, ISBN 0941419959)
• Ernst Junger and Germany: Into the Abyss, 1914-1945 by Thomas Nevin (Duke University Press, North Carolina, U.S.A., 1996, ISBN 0822318792)
• A Dubious Past: Ernst Junger and the Politics of Literature After Nazism by Elliot Y. Neaman. (University of California, Berkeley, 1999. ISBN 0520216288)
• Ernst Junger A Writer Of Our Time by J.P. Stern in the "Studies In Modern European Literature And Thought" Series (Bowes & Bowes, Cambridge, 1953)
• Ernst Jünger and the Nature of Political Commitment by R. Woods (Stuttgart, 1982)
• Ernst Junger by Gerhard Loose. (ISBN 0805724796)
• Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees, (1991, ISBN 0130893013)
• The Appeal of Fascism: A Study of Intellectuals and Fascism 1919-1945 by Alastair Hamilton (London, 1971, ISBN 0218514263)
• Fascism (Oxford Readers) by Roger Griffin (Part II, A., ii. Non-Nazi German Fascisms), 1995, ISBN 0192892495

Old Main, one of the most important buildings on the Wayne State University campus. ... Duke University is a private university located in Durham, North Carolina in the United States. ... State nickname: Tar Heel State Other U.S. States Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Governor Michael Easley Official languages English Area 139,509 km² (28th)  - Land 126,256 km²  - Water 13,227 km² (9. ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... The University of California (UC) is a public university system within the State of California. ... Berkeley is the name of several places: Berkeley, California Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England Berkeley, Illinois Berkeley, Missouri Berkeley, Virginia Berkeley Heights, New Jersey Berkeley Lake, Georgia Berkeley Township, New Jersey Berkeley County, South Carolina Berkeley County, West Virginia Berkeley Plantation in Virginia It can also refer to University of California, Berkeley. ... The city of Cambridge is an old English university town and the regional centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Stuttgart is a city located in southern Germany, it is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg, and has a population of approximately 600,000 as of June 2004. ... Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 is a reference book edited by Philip Rees. ... The Appeal of Fascism: A Study of Intellectuals and Fascism 1919-1945 is a book by Alastair Hamilton, examining poets, philosophers, artists, and writers with fascist sympathies and convictions in Italy, Germany, France, and England. ... London — containing the City of London — is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England and a major world city. With over seven million inhabitants (Londoners) in Greater London area, it is amongst the most densely populated areas in Western Europe. ... Fascism is a book edited by Roger Griffin. ... Roger Griffin is a British academic at Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England whose theory on fascism determines that it is palingenetic ultra-nationalism with concepts and acts of national rebirth being the its defining feature. ...

External links

• Ernst Jünger in Cyberspace IV (http://www.juenger.org)
• Essay on Jüngerian Individualism (http://www.fluxeuropa.com/juenger-anarch.htm)
• Biographical sketch, bibliography (http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ejunger.htm)
• At 102 Ernst Jünger (http://www.meaus.com/Ernst%20Junger%20at%20102.html)
• Obituary for a Giant and Visionary: Ernst Jünger (http://www.germanembassy-india.org/news/98mar/gn20.htm)
• "Between the Gods and the Titans" (part I (http://thescorp.multics.org/15jueng.html) and part II (http://thescorp.multics.org/17jueng.html)), Alain de Benoist's review of the life and achievement of Ernst Juenger
• WWII biography of Jünger with photos (http://www.ila-chateau.com/raphael/junger.htm)
• FluxEuropa biography (http://www.fluxeuropa.com/ernstjuenger.htm)
• Ernst Jünger Commemorative Stamp (http://www.worldwar1.com/tgws/thismonthjuenger.htm)