Ernst Krenek (August 23, 1900 – December 22, 1991) was an Austrian born (and from 1945 an American) composer of Czech ancestry; throughout his life he insisted that his name be written Krenek rather than Křenek, and that it should be pronounced as a German word. He explored atonality and other modern styles and wrote a number of books, including Music Here and Now (1939), a study of Johannes Ockeghem (1953), and Horizons Circled: Reflections on my Music (1974). {| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Äž: For the film, see: 1900 (film). ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Czechs (Czech: ÄŒeÅ¡i) are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic. ... Atonality describes music not conforming to the system of tonal hierarchies, which characterizes the sound of classical European music between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. ... In the broadest sense, contemporary music is any music being written in the present day. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ockeghem (with glasses) and his singers Johannes Ockeghem (also Jean de; surname Okeghem, Ogkegum, Okchem, Hocquegam, Ockegham; other variant spellings are also encountered) (c. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ...

Life

Krenek was born in Vienna. He studied there and in Berlin with Franz Schreker before working in a number of German opera houses as conductor. During World War I, Krenek was drafted into the Austrian army, but he was stationed in Vienna, allowing him to go on with his musical studies. In 1922 he met Gustav Mahler's daughter, Anna, and her mother, Alma, who asked Krenek to complete her late husband's Symphony No. 10. Krenek helped edit the first and third movements but went no further. In 1924 he married Anna, only to divorce her before the first anniversary. For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Franz Schreker (March 23, 1878 – March 21, 1934) was an Austrian composer and conductor. ... A conductor conducting at a ceremony A conductors score and batons Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mahler redirects here. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Alma Mahler Alma Maria Mahler-Werfel (née Schindler) (August 31, 1879 – December 11, 1964) was noted in her native Vienna for her beauty and intelligence. ... The Symphony No. ...

His journalism was banned and his music was targeted in Germany by the Nazi Party in 1933. On March 6, one day after elections in which the Nazis gained control of the Reichstag, Krenek's incidental music to Goethe's Triumph der Empfindsamkeit had to be withdrawn in Mannheim, and eventually pressure was brought to bear on the Vienna State Opera, which cancelled the commissioned premiere of Karl V. The jazz imitations of Jonny spielt auf were included in the 1938 Degenerate art exhibition in Munich. He moved to the United States of America in 1938 where he taught music at various universities, including Hamline University in Saint Paul, Minnesota from 1942-1947. He became an American citizen in 1945. His students included George Perle, Robert Erickson, Halim El-Dabh, Will Ogdon, Thomas Nee, and Richard Maxfield. He died in Palm Springs, California. The National Socialist German Workers Party, (German: , or NSDAP, commonly known as the Nazi Party), was a political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945. ... The 9th and last German federal election of the Weimar Republic was held on March 5, 1933, and was significant in that it was the last election to be held in Germany before World War II. Due to the success of the Nazi Party in the poll, its leader, and... The Reichstag (German for Imperial Diet) was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Mannheim is a city in Germany. ... Vienna State Opera (German: Wiener Staatsoper), located in Vienna, Austria, is one of the most important opera companies in Europe. ... Karl V is an opera, described as a Bühnenwerk mit Musik (stage work with music) by Ernst Krenek, his opus 73. ... Jonny spielt auf (Jonny Strikes Up) is an opera with words and music by Ernst Krenek about a jazz violinist. ... Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler and Adolf Ziegler visit the entartete Kunst exhibition. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hamline University was founded in 1854 in Red Wing, Minnesota, USA, as the first institution of higher education in the state. ... For an overview of the Twin Cities metropolitan area, see Minneapolis-Saint Paul. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Largest metro area Minneapolis-St. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... George Perle (born May 6, 1915 in Bayonne, New Jersey) is a composer and musicologist who has studied with Ernst Krenek. ... Robert Erickson (March 7, 1917 in Marquette, Michigan–April 24, 1997 in San Diego, California) was a composer. ... Halim El-Dabh (b. ... Richard Maxfield (February 2, 1927 - 1969) was a composer of instrumental, electro-acoustic, and electronic. ... Palm Springs is a desert city in Riverside County, California approximately 110 miles (177 km) east of Los Angeles and 140 miles (225 km) northeast of San Diego. ...

Musical style

Krenek's music encompassed a variety of styles during his lifetime. His early work is in a late-Romantic idiom, showing the influence of his teacher Franz Schreker. He later embraced atonality, but a visit to Paris, during which he became familiar with the work of Igor Stravinsky and Les Six, led him to adopt a neo-classical style. His opera Jonny spielt auf (Johnny Strikes Up, 1926), which is influenced by jazz, was a great success in his lifetime, playing all over Europe. In spite of protests by conservatives and the fledgling Nazi party, it became so popular that even a brand of cigarettes, still on the market today in Austria, was named "Johnny". In the early 1930s he started writing in a neo-Romantic style with Franz Schubert as a model, with his Reisebuch aus den österreichischen Alpen as prime example, before embracing Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique; the opera Karl V (1931-33) is entirely written using this technique, as are most of his later pieces. In the Lamentatio Jeremiae prophetae (1941–42) he combined twelve-tone writing with 16th century techniques of modal counterpoint. He also composed electronic and aleatoric music. The expression romantic music and the homophone phrase Romantic music have two essentially different meanings. ... Franz Schreker (March 23, 1878 – March 21, 1934) was an Austrian composer and conductor. ... Atonality describes music not conforming to the system of tonal hierarchies, which characterizes the sound of classical European music between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Igor Stravinsky. ... Le Groupe des Six, 1922, by Jacques-Emile Blanche. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... Jonny spielt auf (Jonny Strikes Up) is an opera with words and music by Ernst Krenek about a jazz violinist. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Schubert redirects here. ... Arnold Schoenberg, Los Angeles, 1948 Arnold Schoenberg (pronounced [ˈaːrnÉ”lt ˈʃøːnbÉ›rk]) (13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian and later American composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. ... Twelve-tone technique (also dodecaphony) is a method of musical composition devised by Arnold Schoenberg. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... This article is about modes as used in music. ... For other uses, see Counterpoint (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... Aleatoric music (also aleatory music or chance music; from the Latin word alea, meaning dice) is music in which some element of the composition is left to chance or some primary element of a composed works realization is left to the determination of its performer(s). ...

Notable works

Operas

• Die Zwingburg op. 14 (1922, premiere Berlin 1924, UE)
• Der Sprung über den Schatten, op. 17 (1923, Frankfurt 1924, UE)
• Orpheus und Eurydike, op. 21 (1923, Kassel 1926, UE)
• Bluff, Operette op. 36 (1924/5; Ms)
• Jonny spielt auf, op. 45 (Leipzig 1927, UE)
• Der Diktator op. 49 (Wiesbaden 1928, UE)
• Das geheime Königreich op. 50 (Wiesbaden 1928, UE)
• Schwergewicht, oder Die Ehre der Nation op. 55 (Wiesbaden 1928, UE)
• Leben des Orest, op. 60 (1929, Leipzig 1930, UE)
• Kehraus um St. Stephan op. 66 (1930, Bärenreiter)
• Karl V, op. 73 (1933, Prague 1938; revised 1954. UE)
• Cefalo e Procri op. 77 (Venice 1934, UE)
• Tarquin op. 90 (1940, Cologne 1950, UE)
• What Price Confidence? op. 111 (1945, Saarbrücken 1960,Bärenreiter)
• Dark Waters op. 125 (Los Angeles 1950, publ. 1951 Bärenreiter)
• Pallas Athene weint op. 144 (Hamburg 1955, Schott/Universal)
• The Bell Tower op. 153 (1956, Urbana 1957, Bärenreiter)
• Ausgerechnet und verspielt op. 179 (Vienna 1962, Bärenreiter)
• Der goldene Bock, op. 186 (1963, Hamburg 1964,Bärenreiter)
• Der Zauberspiegel, op.192 (Munich 1966, Bärenreiter)
• Sardakai, oder Das kommt davon, op. 206 (1969, Hamburg 1970, Bärenreiter)
• Flaschenpost aus Paradies, Fernsehstück mit elektronischer Musik op. 217 (1973, ORF Wien, unpublished)

Staatsoper Unter den Linden, 2003 Berlin State Opera (in German: Staatsoper Unter den Linden) is a prominent German opera company. ... Universal Edition (UE) are a classical music publishing firm. ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city of Kassel in Hessen, Germany. ... Jonny spielt auf (Jonny Strikes Up) is an opera with words and music by Ernst Krenek about a jazz violinist. ... Leipzig ( ; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk from the Sorbian word for Tilia) is, with a population of over 506,000, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. ... Leben des Orest (The life of Orestes) is a grand opera in five acts (eight scenes) with words and music both by Ernst Krenek, his opus 60 and the first of his libretti with an antique setting. ... Karl V is an opera, described as a Bühnenwerk mit Musik (stage work with music) by Ernst Krenek, his opus 73. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... Detail of exhibition. ... Cologne (German: , IPA: ; local dialect: Kölle ) is Germanys fourth-largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich, and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than... Capital Saarbrücken Language(s) Rhine Franconian; see language of the Saarland Government Principality Historical era Middle Ages  - Joined Holy Roman Empire 925  - Established ca 1120  - Passed to Nassau-Weilburg 1353  - Occupied by France 1793  - Annexed by France 1797  - Passed to Prussian Grd     Dchy Lwr Rhine   June 9, 1815 Saarbr... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... The Hamburg State Opera (in German: Hamburgische Staatsoper) is one of the leading opera companies in Germany. ... Urbana (pronounced ) is the county seat of Champaign County, Illinois, United StatesGR6. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ...

Ballets

• Mammon op. 37 (1925)
• Der vertauschte Cupido op. 38 (1925)
• Eight Column Line op. 85 (1939)

Vocal Music

Choral

• Die Jahreszeiten (Hölderlin), op. 35 (1925)
• Kantate von der Vergänglichkeit des Irdischen, op. 72 (1932)
• Lamentatio Jeremiae prophetae, op. 93 (1941–2)
• Santa Fe Timetable, op. 102 (1945)
• Missa duodecim tonorum, op. 165, mixed choir and organ (1957–8)
• O Holy Ghost, op. 186A (1964)
• Three Madrigals, SSA a cappella (1960)

Friedrich Hölderlin Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (March 20, 1770 – June 6, 1843) was a major German lyric poet. ... The Tenebrae (Latin for darkness) is a religious service celebrated by high church elements of Western Christianity, including Anglicanism, the Lutheran Church, the United Methodist Church and traditionally the Roman Catholic Church. ...

Solo vocal (with piano unless otherwise indicated)

• Lieder, op. 19 on texts by Otfried Krzyzanowski and Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
• O Lacrymosa op. 48 (1926); text written for Krenek by Rilke, also orch. ver. op. 48a
• Reisebuch aus den österreichischen Alpen (text by the composer), op. 62 (1929)
• The Ballad of the Railroads op. 78 (1944, text by the composer)
• Sestina (text by the composer), op.161, soprano and 8 instruments (1957)

Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (IPA: ; July 2, 1724 – March 14, 1803) was a German poet. ... Rainer Maria Rilke (born 4 December 1875 in Prague; died 29 December 1926 in Val-Mont (Switzerland)) was an important poet in the German language. ...

Orchestral

Symphonies

• Symphony no. 1, op. 7 (1921)
• Symphony no. 2, op. 12 (1922)
• Symphony no. 3, op. 16 (1922)
• Symphony for winds and percussion, op. 34 (1924-25)
• Little Symphony op. 58 (1928)
• Symphony no. 4, op. 113 (1947)
• Symphony no. 5, op. 119 (1949)
• Symphony "Pallas Athene", op. 137 (1954)

Concertos and concertante works

• Violin concerto no. 1, op. 29
• Little concerto for harpsichord, organ and chamber orchestra, op. 88
• Concerto for violin, piano and small orchestra, op. 124
• Concerto for harp and chamber orchestra, op. 126
• Violoncello concerto no. 1, op. 133
• Violin concerto no. 2, op. 140
• Capriccio for cello and orchestra, op. 145
• Violoncello concerto no. 2, op. 236
• Four piano concertos
• Organ concertos including concerto op. 230 for organ and string orchestra, op. 235 with full orchestra

Chamber works

String quartets

• String quartet no. 1, op. 6
• String quartet no. 2, op. 8
• String quartet no. 3, op. 20
• String quartet no. 4, op. 24
• String quartet no. 5, op. 65 in E-flat
• String quartet no. 6, op. 78
• String quartet no. 7, op. 96
• String quartet no. 8, op. 233

Sonatas

• For piano
  • No. 1, op. 2 in E-flat (1919)
  • No. 2, op. 59
  • No. 3, op. 92, no. 4 *
  • No. 4, op. 114
  • No. 5, op. 121
  • No. 6, op. 128
  • No. 7, op. 240
• For violin
  • Two with piano (no. 1 op. 3 in F-sharp minor, no. 2 op. 99)
  • Two solo (opp. 33 and 115)
• For viola
  • Sonata for Viola Solo, Op. 92 No. 3 (1942)
  • Sonata for Viola and Piano, Op. 117 (1948)

Other works

• Serenade for clarinet and string trio, op. 4
• Suite for cello solo, op. 84
• Suite for guitar, op. 164
• String trio, op. 118
• String trio Parvula Corona Musicalis: ad honorem Johannis Sebastiani Bach, op. 122
• String trio in 12 Stations, op. 237
• Monologue for clarinet solo (1956)

Electronic music

• Spiritus Intelligentiae, Sanctus, op. 152, two solo voices and tape (1956)
• San Fernando Sequence, op. 185 (1963)
• Exercises of a Late Hour, op. 200 (1967)
• Orga-Nastro, op. 212, organ and tape (1971)
• They Knew What They Wanted, op. 227, narrator, oboe, piano, percussion and tape (1977)

*The rest of op. 92 contains works for other instrumental combinations, including solo viola and solo organ.

Bibliography

• Bowles, Garrett H: Ernst Krenek : a Bio-bibliography (New York and London, 1989)
• Stewart, J L: Ernst Krenek, the Man and His Music (Berkeley, 1991)
• Taylor-Jay, Claire: The Artist Operas of Pfitzner, Krenek and Hindemith: Politics and the Ideology of the Artist (Aldershot, 2004)

Sources

• Krenek, Ernst by Charlotte Purkis, in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7

The New Grove Dictionary of Opera is an encyclopedia (or encyclopedic dictionary) of opera, considered to be one of the best general reference sources on the subject. ...

External links

• Art of the States: Ernst Krenek
• Ernst-Krenek-Institut site contains an English-language discography, worklist, and details of each work, so only some works and information have been given above.
• Krenek page at Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS-Zeit
• Ernst Krenek was listed in the International Music Score Library Project