Ernst Niekisch (May 23, 1889-May 27, 1967) was a prominent German exponent of National Bolshevism. May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Flag of the National Bolsheviks. ...

Born in Trebnitz (Silesia), and brought up in Nördlingen, he became a school teacher by profession. He joined the SPD in 1917 and was instrumental in the setting up of a short-lived Munich Soviet Republic in 1919. He left the SPD soon after and joined the USPD for a time, before returning. Trzebnica is a city near Wroclaw in Silesia, capital of Trzebnica County. ... Prussian Silesia, 1871, outlined in yellow; Silesia at the close of the Seven Years War in 1763, outlined in cyan (areas now in the Czech Republic were Austrian-ruled at that time) Silesia (Czech: ; German: ; Polish: ; Silesian: Åšlonsk / Åšlónsk) is a historical region in central Europe. ... Nördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany. ... SPD redirects here. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Münchner Räterepublik, known as the Munich Soviet Republic or Bavarian Soviet Republic (Bayerische Räterepublik), was a short-lived communist country, organized in Bavaria in the year 1919. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For the Independent Social Democratic Party of Romania, see Romanian Social Democratic Party (defunct). ...

During the 1920s he stressed the importance of nationalism and attempted to turn the SPD in that direction. He was vehemently opposed to the Dawes Plan, the Locarno Treaties and the general pacifism of the SPD, so much so that he was expelled from the party in 1926. The 1920s was a decade sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix Nationalism is an ideology [1] that holds that a nation is the fundamental unit for human social life, and takes precedence over any other social and political principles. ... At the conclusion of World War I the Allies imposed in the Treaty of Versailles a plan for reparations to be paid by Germany. ... The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland on 5 October—16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on December 1, in which the World War I Western European Allied powers and the new states of central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial... Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Upon his expulsion Niekisch joined and took control of the insignificant Old Socialist Party of Saxony which he converted to his own nationalist form of socialism, launching his own journal Widerstand (Resistance). Niekisch and his followers adopted the name of "National Bolsheviks" and looked to the Soviet Union as a continuation of both Russian nationalism and the old state of Prussia. The movement took the slogan of "Sparta-Potsdam-Moscow". He was a member of ARPLAN - the Association for the Study of Russian Planned Economy - along with Ernst Jünger, Georg Lukacs, Karl Wittfogel and Friedrich Hielscher, under whose auspices he visited the Soviet Union in 1932. He reacted favourably to Jünger's publication Die Arbeiter which he saw as a blueprint for a National Bolshevik Germany. The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stata Sakska) is at a land area of 18,413 km² and a population of 4. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix Nationalism is an ideology [1] that holds that a nation is the fundamental unit for human social life, and takes precedence over any other social and political principles. ... Socialism is a class of ideologies favouring a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ... Sparta (Doric: , Attic: ) is a city in southern Greece. ... Potsdam is the capital city of the state of Brandenburg in Germany. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ... Ernst Jünger as a soldier in World War I Ernst Jünger, (March 29, 1895 – February 17, 1998) was a German author of novels and accounts of his war experiences. ... Georg Lukács (April 13, 1885 - June 4, 1971) was a Hegelian and Marxist philosopher and literary critic. ... Karl August Wittfogel, an historian and Sinologist, was born September, 1896 in Woltersdorf, Germany. ... Friedrich Hielscher (1902-1990) was a poet/philosopher with connections to the German Nazi party in pre-WWII years, during which period he edited the journal Der Vormarsch (1928). ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ...

Although anti-Semitic and in favour of a totalitarian state, Niekisch rejected Adolf Hitler as he felt he lacked any real socialism. After a time in the underground he was arrested in 1937 and was sentenced to life imprisonment two years later at the Volksgerichtshof for 'literary high treason'. He was released in 1945, by which time he was blind. The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... Totalitarianism is a typology employed by political scientists, especially those in the field of comparative politics, to describe modern regimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Socialism is a class of ideologies favouring a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Volksgerichtshof (German for Peoples Court) was a court established by Hitler after the Reichstag fire to handle those accused of political criminal offences, such as treason. ... Under English, and later British law, high treason is the crime of disloyalty to the Sovereign. ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or psychological factors. ...

Embittered against nationalism by his war-time experiences he turned to orthodox Marxism and lectured in sociology in Humboldt University in East Germany until 1953 when, disillusioned by the brutal suppresion of the workers' uprising, he moved to West Berlin. He died on May 23, 1967. Marxism refers to the philosophy and social theory based on Karl Marxs work on one hand, and to the political practice based on Marxist theory on the other hand (namely, parts of the First International during Marxs time, communist parties and later states). ... Social interactions and their consequences are the subject of sociology. ... Alternative meaning: Humboldt State University, located in Arcata, California Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (German Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) is the successor to Berlins oldest university, the Friedrich Wilhelm University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität), founded in 1810 by the liberal Prussian educational reformer... GDR redirects here. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Protestors marching through the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin The Uprising of 1953 in East Germany took place in June and July 1953. ... Boroughs of West Berlin West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

Works

• Entscheidung (1930)
• Hitler Ein deutsches Verhängnis (1932)
• Geheimes Reich (1937)
• Das Reich der Niederen Dämonen (Berlin, 1957)

1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Berlin is the capital city and a state of Germany. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees, (1991, ISBN 0-13-089301-3)
• The Appeal of Fascism: A Study of Intellectuals and Fascism 1919-1945 by Alastair Hamilton (London, 1971, ISBN 0-218-51426-3)
• The Beast Reawakens by Martin A. Lee (1997, ISBN 0-316-51959-6)