Einstein Tower in Potsdam

Erwin Finlay-Freundlich (May 29, 1885 - July 24, 1964) [Scottish name:"Finlay"] was a German astronomer, a pupil of Felix Klein. He was born in Biebrich, Germany. Freundlich was a working associate of Albert Einstein and introduced experiments for which the general theory of relativity could be tested by astronomical observations based on the gravitational redshift. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (750x1000, 131 KB) de:image:Babelsberg_Einsteinturm. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (750x1000, 131 KB) de:image:Babelsberg_Einsteinturm. ... The Einsteinturm or Einstein Tower in Potsdam, Germany The Einstein Tower is an astrophysical observatory in the Albert Einstein Science Park in Potsdam, Germany designed by architect Erich Mendelsohn. ... Potsdam is the capital city of the state of Brandenburg in Germany. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 160 days remaining. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... An astronomer or astrophysicist is a person whose area of interest is astronomy or astrophysics. ... Felix Christian Klein (April 25, 1849, Düsseldorf, Germany – June 22, 1925, Göttingen) was a German mathematician, known for his work in group theory, function theory, non-Euclidean geometry, and on the connections between geometry and group theory. ... Biebrich Castle Biebrich is a borough of the city Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany, located in the Rhine-Main-Area near Frankfurt. ... Einstein redirects here. ... General relativity (GR) or general relativity theory (GRT) is the theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

After finishing his thesis with Felix Klein at the University of Göttingen in 1910, he became assistant at the Observatory in Berlin, where he became associated with Einstein. During a solar eclipse expedition in 1914 to verify general relativity WW I broke out and he was interned in Russia. After the war, he was engaged in construction of a solar observatory in Potsdam, the Einsteinturm, and he was director of the Einstein-Institut. In 1933 he left Germany and was appointed professor at the University of Istanbul, which was reformed by Kemal Atatürk with the help of many German scholars. His appointment at the Charles University of Prague was terminated by the German occupation. On the recommendation of Arthur Stanley Eddington he went to St. Andrews University in Scotland. From 1951 to 1959 he was John Napier professor of Astronomy. On his retirement he returned to his native town Wiesbaden and was appointed professor at the University of Mainz. Freundlich died in Wiesbaden, Germany. The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The University of Istanbul is one of the oldest universities in Europe (founded in 1453), and the oldest in Turkey. ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–10 November 1938), until 1934 Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Turkish army officer and revolutionist statesman, was the founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... The Charles University of Prague (also simply University of Prague; Czech: Univerzita Karlova; Latin: Universitas Carolina) is the oldest, largest and most prestigious Czech university and among the oldest universities in Europe, being founded in 1340s (for the exact year, see below). ... One of Sir Arthur Stanley Eddingtons papers announced Einsteins theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. ... University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews was founded between 1410-1413 and is the oldest university in Scotland and the third oldest in the United Kingdom. ... John Napier For other people with the same name, see John Napier (disambiguation). ... Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a university in the city of Mainz, Germany. ... Wiesbaden is a city in central Germany. ...

Freundlich researched the deflection of light rays passing close to the Sun. He proposed an experiment, during an eclipse, to verify the validity of Einstein's theory of general relativity. Freundlich's demonstration would have proven Newton's theories incorrect. He did conduct inconclusive tests on the prediction by Einstein's theory of gravitation-induced red shift of spectral lines in the Sun, using the solar observatories he had constructed in Potsdam and Istanbul. In 1953 he proposed with Max Born an alternative explanation of the red shifts observed in galaxies by a tired light model. For the temperature of the Universe, they obtained a value between 1.9 and 6 K. Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher, regarded by many as the greatest figure in the history of science. ... Max Born Max Born (December 11, 1882 in Breslau - January 5, 1970 in Göttingen) was a mathematician and physicist. ... Tired Light (a. ...

Publications

• Erwin Freundlich: Die Grundlagen der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie. Mit e. Vorw. von Albert Einstein. - Berlin : Springer, 1916. - 64 S. ; 8
• Erwin Finlay-Freundlich Über die Rotverschiebung der Spektrallinien und ax Born: Theoretische Bemerkungen zu Freundlichs Formel für die stellare Rotverschiebung - Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1953. - S. 96 - 108 ; 4; (Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen ; Jg. 1953, Nr. 7)

External links and resources

• School of Mathematics and Statistics. "Erwin Finlay-Freundlich". University of St Andrews, Scotland.
• For a more extensive discussion of E. Finlay Freundlich's exile in Turkey and his saga in returnung to Germany see Turker's Modernization: Refugees from Nazism and Ataturk's Vision by Arnold Reisman.