Erwin Planck

Erwin Planck (born 12 March 1893; died 23 January 1945 in Berlin) was a German politician, and a resistance fighter in the Third Reich. Jump to: navigation, search March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Berlin ( ♫), IPA: , is the capital of Germany and its largest city; down from 4. ... A politician is an individual involved in politics. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...

Erwin Planck was theoretical physicist Max Planck's and his first wife's fourth child. After his Abitur in 1911, Planck went into the military and pursued a career as an officer. In the First World War, he rather quickly found himself a prisoner of the French in 1914. After he came back to Germany after the war ended, he was active on the General Staff, where he met Major Kurt von Schleicher for the first time. They would become lifelong friends. Theoretical physics attempts to understand the world by making a model of reality, used for rationalizing, explaining, predicting physical phenomena through a physical theory. There are three types of theories in physics; mainstream theories, proposed theories and fringe theories. ... Jump to: navigation, search Max Planck This article is about Planck, the German physicist. ... Abitur (official term in Germany: allgemeine Hochschulreife) is the word commonly used in Germany for the final exams young adults (aged 18 or 19) take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling (Britain: A-levels). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1911 was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Kurt von Schleicher (4 April 1882–30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the era of the Weimar Republic. ...

Schleicher, who headed the political branch, called Planck into the Reich Defence Ministry in 1920 and sent him as a liaison man to the Reich Chancellery, where he also became a government advisor after he left the Reichswehr in 1926. Jump to: navigation, search 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... The Reichswehr (literally National Defence or National Militia) formed the military organization of Germany from 1918 until 1935, when the government rebranded it as the Wehrmacht (Defence Force). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In 1932, he became Secretary of State under Franz von Papen, and later also Schleicher in the Reich Chancellor's Office. Jump to: navigation, search 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ... Jump to: navigation, search Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen (October 29, 1879–May 2, 1969) was a German politician and diplomat associated with the Centre Party. ...

After Hitler seized power in 1933, Planck left government work and went to East Asia for a year. Shortly after he came back to Germany, Schleicher was shot by the Gestapo. Planck tried in vain to get an explanation for his friend's murder. Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... Machtergreifung is a German word meaning seizure of power. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Deaths Head emblem, often used as the insignia of the totenkpofverbande==deaths head formations-KZ guards The Gestapo [â–¶](audio help) (acronym of Geheime Staatspolizei; secret state police) was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. ...

In 1936, Planck changed career paths and went into business, becoming a leading employee at the Otto-Wolff-Konzern, a large conglomerate, in Cologne. In 1939, he took over leadership of the Berlin branch office. Jump to: navigation, search 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Categories: Business | Academic disciplines | School subjects ... Jump to: navigation, search Cologne skyline at night with river Rhine in the foreground and famous Cologne Cathedral on the right. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In August 1939, a group including Prussian Finance Minister Johannes Popitz, Planck, and Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht approached General Georg Thomas, head of the Defence Economy and Armament Office asking him to do something to thwart the outbreak of the forthcoming war. He agreed to write a memorandum to his superior, Wilhelm Keitel, head of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht in which he stated that a war against Poland would set off a world war that Germany could not win owing to massive reconstruction problems. However, Keitel tried to allay Thomas's fears by telling him that the Führer was planning no such war. Jump to: navigation, search 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... Johannes Popitz Johannes Popitz (born 2 December 1884 in Leipzig; died 2 February 1945 in Berlin) was a Prussian finance minister and an opponent of the Third Reich. ... Jump to: navigation, search A 100 Mark banknote issued by the German Reichsbank in 1908 (http://www. ... Dr. Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht (January 22, 1877 - June 3, 1970) was a German financial expert and Minister of Economics from 1935 until 1937. ... War is a state of widespread conflict between states, organisations, or relatively large groups of people, which is characterised by the use of lethal violence between combatants or upon civilians. ... Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (September 22, 1882 – October 16, 1946) was a German Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) and a senior military leader during World War II. Early life and career The son of Carl Keitel, a middle-class landowner, he was born in Helmscherode near Hanover, Germany. ... The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht or OKW (Wehrmacht High Command, Armed Forces High Command) was part of the command structure of the German armed forces during World War II. In theory, it served as the military general staff for Adolf Hitlers Third Reich, coordinating the efforts of the German Army...

Such a war, of course, began the very next month.

In 1940, Planck, Popitz, Ulrich von Hassell and Ludwig Beck drafted a "Provisional Constitution" on the assumption that the West's forthcoming attack would overthrow Hitler. Even afterwards, Planck vainly stayed in the resistance against the régime and was involved in the July 20 Plot. This led to his arrest on 23 July 1944, whereafter he was taken to the Gestapo's Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA). Jump to: navigation, search 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Ulrich von Hassell Ulrich von Hassell (born 12 November 1881 in Anklam; died 8 September 1944 in Berlin [executed]) was a German diplomat and an opponent of the Third Reich involved in the July 20 plot. ... Jump to: navigation, search Ludwig Beck General Ludwig Beck (June 29, 1880- July 21, 1944) was Chief of Staff of the German Armed forces during the early years of the Nazi regime in Germany before World War II. Born in Biebrich in the Rhineland, he was educated in the conservative... The July 20 Plot was a failed coup détat which involved an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ... Jump to: navigation, search July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... RSHA, or the Reichssicherheitshauptamt, was a subsidiary organization of the S.S. created by Heinrich Himmler on September 22, 1939, through the merger of the Sicherheitsdienst, the Gestapo and the Kriminalpolizei. ...

Planck was sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof and put to death at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin. The Volksgerichtshof (German for Peoples Court) was a court established by Hitler after the Reichstag fire to handle those accused of political criminal offences, such as treason. ... Plötzensee is a lake in Berlin with an area of 7. ...

Memorial plaque

A memorial plaque to Erwin Planck and two others can be found at his old school, the Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium in the Berlin borough of Wilmersdorf, Bundesallee 1-12. Wilmersdorf is an area of Berlin, formerly a borough but since 2001 part of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. ...

External link

• Text on the memorial plaque