ESCA - Electron spectrometry for chemical analysis, see XPS - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface sensitive analytic tool to study the surface composition and electronic state of a sample. ... X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface sensitive analytic tool to study the surface composition and electronic state of a sample. ...
At Rome heretical Gnostics and Marcionites continued to propagate their false teachings.
The "Liber Pontificalis" ascribes to Pope Eleutherius a decree that no kind of food should be despised by Christians (Et hoc iterum firmavit ut nulla esca a Christianis repudiaretur, maxime fidelibus, quod Deus creavit, quæ tamen rationalis et humana est).
Possibly he did issue such an edict against the Gnostics and Montanists; it is also possible that on his own responsibility the writer of the "Liber Pontificalis" attributed to this pope a similar decree current about the year 500.