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Encyclopedia > Esker
A part of the Mason Esker
Esker in Sims Corner Eskers and Kames National Natural Landmark, Washington state. Note trees next to and the single lane road crossing the esker to the right of the photo which provide scale.
Esker in Sims Corner Eskers and Kames National Natural Landmark, Washington state. Note trees next to and the single lane road crossing the esker to the right of the photo which provide scale.

An Esker is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. Eskers are frequently several miles in length and, because of their peculiar uniform shape, somewhat resemble railroad embankments. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 438 pixelsFull resolution (1976 × 1083 pixel, file size: 495 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Esker at Sims Corner Eskers and Kames National Natural Landmark. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 438 pixelsFull resolution (1976 × 1083 pixel, file size: 495 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Esker at Sims Corner Eskers and Kames National Natural Landmark. ... A Glacial erratic called Yeager Rock, Waterville Plateau, Washington, USA The Sims Corner Eskers and Kames National Natural Landmark includes excellent examples of Pleistocene ice stagnation landforms including numerous Glacial erratics terminal moraines, eskers and kames. ... Caverns of Sonora National Natural Landmark The National Natural Landmark (NNL) program recognizes and encourages the conservation of outstanding examples of the United States natural history. ... Stratification is the building up of layers of deposits, and can have several variations of meaning: Social stratification, is the dividing of a society into levels based on wealth or power. ... For other uses, see Sand (disambiguation). ... Gravel (largest fragment in this photo is about 4 cm) Gravel is rock that is of a certain particle size range. ... Glacial and Glaciation redirect here. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... Embankment can be: An artificial slope which can be made out of earth, stones or bricks, or a combination of these. ...


Most eskers are believed to form in ice-walled tunnels by streams which flowed within and under glaciers. After the retaining ice walls melt away, stream deposits remain as long winding ridges. Eskers may also form above glaciers by accumulation of sediment in supraglacial channels, in crevasses, in linear zones between stagnant blocks, or in narrow embayments at glacier margins. Eskers form near the terminal zone of glaciers, where the ice is not moving as fast and is relatively thin (Easterbrook, 1999). Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ...


The rate of plastic flow and melting of the basal ice determines the size and shape of the subglacial tunnel. This in turn determines the shape, composition and structure of an esker. Eskers may exist as a single channel, or may be part of a branching system with tributary eskers. They are not often found as continuous ridges, but have gaps that separate the winding segments. The ridge crests of eskers are not usually level for very long, and are generally knobby. Eskers may be broad-crested or sharp-crested with steep sides (Easterbrook, 1999). They can reach hundreds of kilometers in length. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


The concentration of rock debris in the ice and the rate at which sediment is delivered to the tunnel by melting and from upstream transport determines the amount of sediment in an esker. The sediment generally consists of coarse-grained, water-laid sand and gravel. This sediment is stratified and sorted, and usually consists of pebble/cobble-sized material with occasional boulders. Bedding may be irregular but is almost always present, and cross-bedding is common (Easterbrook, 1999). This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... In geology a bed is the smallest division of a geologic formation or stratigraphic rock series marked by well-defined divisional planes (bedding planes) separating it from layers above and below. ... Cross bedding is a geological term referring to the way a sedimentary deposit is affected by water currents, during its formation. ...


The name 'esker is derived from the Irish word eiscir (Old Irish: escir), which means: "a ridge or elevation, especially one separating two plains or depressed surfaces" (Dictionary of the Irish Language). The term was used particularly to describe long, sinuous ridges, which are now known to be deposits of fluvio-glacial material. The best-known example of such an eiscir is the Eiscir Riada, which runs virtually the entire width of the island of Ireland from Dublin to Galway, a distance of about 100 miles, and is still closely followed by the main road linking those two cities. Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language which can be more or less fully reconstructed from extant sources. ... Dublin city centre at night WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Statistics Province: Leinster County: Dáil Éireann: Dublin Central, Dublin North Central, Dublin North East, Dublin North West, Dublin South Central, Dublin South East European Parliament: Dublin Dialling Code: +353 1 Postal District(s): D1-24, D6W Area: 114. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Statistics Province: Connacht County: Dáil Éireann: Galway West European Parliament: North-West Dialling Code: 091 Postal District(s): G Area: 50. ...


The Mason Esker, at approximately 22 miles, is one of the longest eskers in the U.S.[1] It is located in Mason, Michigan. It stretches from DeWitt through Lansing and Holt, finally ending in Mason. Esker systems in the U.S. state of Maine can be traced for up to 100 miles[2]. Mason is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. ...


Eskers are sometimes used for construction of highways as an economic measure. This includes the Denali Highway in Alaska and the Trans-Taiga Road in Quebec. Denali Highway (Alaska Route 8) is a 135-mile (218 km), mostly gravel highway in the U.S. state of Alaska. ... Official language(s) English[1] Spoken language(s) English 85. ... The Route Transtaïga (Trans-Taiga Road) is an extremely remote wilderness road in northern Quebec, Canada. ... , Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area  Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...


See also

Glacial landforms
Glacier morphology Many now-familiar glacial landforms were created by the movement of huge sheets of ice called continental glaciers during the Pleistocene Epoch (more commonly called the Ice Age. ... Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. ...


References

  • Quin, E. G. (gen. ed.) (1983). Dictionary of the Irish Language. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, 281. ISBN 0 901714 29 1. 
  • Easterbrook, D.J. (1999). Surface Processes and Landforms. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 352. ISBN 0 13 860958 6. 
  • Trenhaile, Alan (2007). Geomorphology: A Canadian Perspective. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press, 188-191. ISBN 0-19-542474-3. 

External links

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  Results from FactBites:
 
esker - definition of esker in Encyclopedia (97 words)
Eskers are long, winding ridges of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America.
They are frequently several miles in length and, because of their peculiar uniform shape, somewhat resemble railroad embankments.
Eskers are the deposits left by streams which flowed within and under glaciers; after the retaining ice walls melt away, the stream deposits remain as long winding ridges.
Siegenthaler-Esker (396 words)
An esker is a narrow ridge of stratified material (till that has been sorted and deposited in layers according to grain size by running water).
It is lower and wider than the main esker, which may indicate that it is made of a different mix of sand and gravel, or may reflect an unknown change of conditions in the melting ice sheet.
The small knolls north of the eskers are kames, piles of gravel dropped into pits and crevices in the glacier by meltwater streams flowing on top of the ice.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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