NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Esox

Esox (Linnaeus, 1758) is a genus of freshwater fish, a member of the pike family (family Esocidae) of order Esociformes as is the Muskellunge. The type species is E. lucius, the northern pike. The species of this genus are known as the pikes. Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 13, 1707[1] â€“ January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Year 1758 (MDCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... For the village on the Isle of Wight, see Freshwater, Isle of Wight. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ... In scientific classification used in biology, the order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). ... Families Esocidae (pikes) Umbridae (mudminnows) Esociformes is a small order of ray-finned fish, with two families. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The Muskellunge or muskie or musky (Esox masquinongy) are large, relatively rare freshwater fish of North America. ... A type species fixes the name of a genus (or of a taxon in a rank lower than genus). ... Binomial name Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 Northern pike The northern pike, Esox lucius, is a carnivorous fish of brackish and freshwaters of the northern hemisphere. ...

The pike species are native to the Palearctic and Nearctic ecozones, ranging across northern North America and from Western Europe to Siberia in Eurasia. They have been found in many urban lakes in Western Europe, reported to be in the Rostrum (Lucerne) and the Serpentine, (London). The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth surface (see map). ... The Nearctic is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones dividing the Earths land surface. ... An ecozone or biogeographic realm is the largest scale biogeographic division of the earths surface based on the historic and evolutionary distribution patterns of plants and animals. ... North America North America is a continent [1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... A current understanding of Western Europe. ... This article is about Siberia as a whole. ... For other uses, see Eurasia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Lucerne (disambiguation). ... The Serpentine (also known as the Serpentine River) is a 28-acre (11. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Pikes can grow to a maximum recorded length of 1.83 metres (6 ft), reaching a maximum recorded weight of 35 kilograms (77 lb). Individuals have been reported to reach 30 years in age. They have the elongated, torpedo-like form of predatory fishes, with sharply-pointed heads and sharp teeth. Their coloration is typically grey-green with a mottled or spotted appearance. The pike's marking is like a finger print, each with different patterns. This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Kg redirects here. ... The pound or pound-mass (abbreviations: lb, , lbm, or sometimes in the United States: #) is a unit of mass (sometimes called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including the imperial and US and older English systems. ...

Name

The generic name Esox derives from the Greek ίσοξ (a kind of fish), itself a word of Celtic origin related to the Welsh eog and Irish Gaelic iach (salmon). Pliny uses the Latin form esox in reference to a large fish in the Rhine normally identified with lax (salmon). It is likely that Carolus Linnaeus's application of Esox to the pikes is thus a misnomer. The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, a branch of the greater Indo-European language family. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... This article is about the modern Goidelic language. ... For other uses, see Salmon (disambiguation). ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Rhine (disambiguation). ...

The English common name "pike" is an apparent shortening of "pike-fish", in reference to its pointed head, Old English píc originally referring to a pickaxe. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Binomial name Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 The Northern Pike (Esox lucius) is a carnivorous fish of brackish and freshwaters of the northern hemisphere. ... â€œAquariaâ€ redirects here. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Old English redirects here. ... Pickhandle redirects here. ...

A northern English and Lowland Scots name for the pike, ged, similarly derives from Old Norse gaddr (spike) (cf. the modern Swedish name for the pike, gädda, the danish "gedde" and Scottish Gaelic: geadais). The Finnish name hauki and Estonian haug derive from verb haukata, to bite, Polish - szczupak, French - brochet, German - hecht, Spanish - lucio, Italian - luccio. This article is about the Anglic language of Scotland. ... The Ged is the name in heraldry for the fish pike. ... Old Norse is the Germanic language spoken by the inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. ... Scottish Gaelic (GÃ idhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ...

The English "pike" originally referred specifically to the adult fish, the diminutive form "pickerel" (now used to name some of the smaller pikes, E. americanus and E. niger) referring to the young. The walleye (Sander vitreus) is sometimes called a pickerel, but it is unrelated to the pikes, being a member of the perch family (family Percidae). The pikes are not to be confused with the unrelated pikeminnows (traditionally, and perhaps better, known as squawfish) of genus Ptychocheilus (family Cyprinidae) or pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) which is more akin to walleye than to pike. Binomial name Esox americanus Gmelin, 1789 The American pickerels are two subspecies of Esox americanus, a species of freshwater fish in the pike family (family Esocidae) of order Esociformes: the redfin pickerel, Gmelin, 1789, and the grass pickerel, Lesueur, 1846. ... Binomial name Esox niger Lesueur, 1818 The chain pickerel (Esox niger) is a species of freshwater fish in the pike family (family Esocidae) of order Esociformes. ... Binomial name (Mitchill, 1818) Subspecies S. v. ... Genera Ammocrypta Crystallaria Etheostoma Gymnocephalus Perca Percarina Percina Romanichthys Sander Zingel The Percidae are a family of perciform fish found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. ... Species Ptychocheilus grandis Ptychocheilus lucius Ptychocheilus oregonensis Ptychocheilus umpquae The squawfish, or pikeminnows, are a genus Ptychocheilus of cyprinid fish, consisting of four species native to western North America. ... Genera (many, see text) The family Cyprinidae, named after the Greek word for goldfish, consists of the carps and minnows. ... Pikeperch is a name shared by various members of the Percidae (perch) family that resembles pikes (i. ...

Two United States Navy submarines have been named Pike, SS-6 of 1903 and SS-173 of 1935, and three, SS-22 of 1912, SS-177 of 1936, and SS-524 of 1944, named Pickerel. In addition, the Soviet submarines known to NATO as the Victor III class were called the Shchuka (Щука, "pike") class, in Russian. The Soviet Iosif Stalin tank (IS-3) was also nicknamed Shchuka, in reference to its sharply pointed hull front. USN redirects here. ... For other uses, see Submarine (disambiguation). ... The first USS Pike (SS-6) was a Plunger-class submarine in the service of the United States Navy, later renamed as A-5. ... Year 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... USS Pike (SS–173) was laid down 20 December 1933 by Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N.H.; launched 12 September 1935; sponsored by Miss Jane Logan Snyder; and commissioned 2 December 1935, Lt. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... USS F-3 (SS-22), was a F-class submarine. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... USS Pickerel (SS-177), a Porpoise-class submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the pickerel, a young or small pike. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... USS Pickerel (SS-524), a Tench-class submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for a young or small pike. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Soviet Navy (Russian: Ð’Ð¾ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾-Ð¼Ð¾Ñ€ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ñ„Ð»Ð¾Ñ‚ Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð , Voyenno-morskoy flot SSSR, literally Naval military forces of the USSR) was the naval arm of the Soviet armed forces. ... This article is about the military alliance. ... The Victor class is the general NATO classification for a type of nuclear-powered submarine that was originally put into service by the Soviet Union around 1967. ... The Iosif Stalin tank (or IS tank, named after the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin), was a heavy tank developed by the Soviet Union during World War II. The tanks in the series are also sometimes called JS or Ð˜Ð¡ tanks. ...

Diet

The pike feeds on a wide range of food sources. Their primary prey is other fish, including their own kind. Their main prey is roach whenever available; they also prey on eels, walleye, whitefish, minnows, dace, perch, gudgeon, sunfish and any other fish that takes their fancy. They devour fish up to one-third of their own size. Pike are cannibalistic; some 20% of their diet consists of pikes smaller than themselves. Pike have little respect for relative size and as a result have been known to bite swimmers and divers. For other uses, see Roach. ... For other uses, see Eel (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (Mitchill, 1818) Subspecies S. v. ... Whitefish (or white fish) has several meanings: It is a fisheries term referring to the flesh of many types of fish; see Whitefish (fisheries term) It refers precisely to the whitefishes of the salmonid genus Coregonus It can refer specifically to the common whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) It was formerly used... For fish, the word minnow can mean, in decreasing order of specificity: The Eurasian minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Any, particularly small, fish of the family Cyprinidae Any, particularly small, fish of the family Centrarchidae Fish of the family Galaxiidae, in particular those of genus galaxiid occurring in the Southern... A dace is any of a number of species of small cyprinid fish. ... Species P. flavescens (Yellow perch) P. fluviatilis (European perch) P. schrenkii (Balkhash perch) For other meanings of the word perch, including fish not in the Perca genus, see Perch (disambiguation). ... In general, a gudgeon is a circular fitting, often made of metal, which is fixed onto some surface. ... Genera Acantharchus Ambloplites Archoplites Centrarchus Enneacanthus Lepomis Micropterus Pomoxis Sunfish range The sunfishes are a family (Centrarchidae) of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the order Perciformes. ...

They will also prey on insects and amphibians such as newts or frogs in times when food is scarce, and occasionally on small mammals, like moles or mice when caught water-borne. Small birds such as ducklings may become a target for hungry pike. Pikes are also known to prey on swimming snakes, such as vipers. Big pikes have been known to swallow adult wild ducks whole. Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera... For other uses, see Amphibian (disambiguation). ... This article is about the animal. ... Distribution of frogs (in black) Suborders Archaeobatrachia Mesobatrachia Neobatrachia - List of Anuran families The frogness babe is an amphibian in the order Anura (meaning tail-less from Greek an-, without + oura, tail), formerly referred to as Salientia (Latin saltare, to jump). ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass â€ Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass â€ Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria Mammals (class Mammalia) are warm-blooded, vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of sweat glands, including milk producing sweat glands, and by the presence of: hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex... For other uses, see Mole. ... This article is about the animal. ... Subfamilies Dendrocygninae Oxyurinae Anatinae Aythyinae Merginae Duck is the common name for a number of species in the Anatidae family of birds. ... For other uses, see Snake (disambiguation). ... Synonyms Viperae - Laurenti, 1768 Viperini - Oppel, 1811 Viperidae - Gray, 1825[1] The Viperidae are a family of venomous snakes commonly referred to as vipers, although the term viperids is more specific and distinguishes them from the viperines (subfamily Viperinae). ...

The pikes are notoriously voracious carnivores and can be potential pests when introduced into alien ecosystems. Carnivorism redirects here. ... IT is a new species. ...

Angling

Pike angling is becoming an increasingly popular pastime in the UK and Europe. Effective methods for catching this hard fighting fish include dead baits, lure fishing, and jerk baiting. They are prized as game fish for their determined fighting and have been food fish since ancient times. They can easily be damaged when handled. Since they have very sharp teeth and the teeth are numerous, it is wise to take extreme care when unhooking the pike. The angler also needs to take great care when unhooking a caught pike, as to not harm the gills. It is recommended that barbless trebles are used when angling for this species as it vastly simplifies unhooking. Unhooking should be accomplished using long forceps—30 cm artery clamps are ideal. The pike should be kept out of the water for the minimum amount of time possible, and should be given some time to recover before being weighed and photographed. The Pike Anglers Club was formed in 1977 to campaign for the preservation of the pike and the sport of pike fishing. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 566 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (3,517 Ã— 2,488 pixels, file size: 3. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 566 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (3,517 Ã— 2,488 pixels, file size: 3. ... Carrick-on-Shannon-Bridge Leitrim Shannon-Bridge Offaly The River Shannon (Irish: altenatively Sionna), Irelands longest river, divides the West of Ireland (mostly the province of Connacht) from the east and south (Leinster and most of Munster). ... A Game fish is a fish that is pursued for sport, regardless of whether the fisherman ultimately eats the fish. ...

In mythology

In the Finnish Kalevala, Väinämöinen creates a kantele (string instrument) from the jawbone of the pike. The Kalevala is an epic poem which the Finn Elias LÃ¶nnrot compiled from Finnish and Karelian folklore in the 19th century. ... Illustration from the Kalevala, by Akseli Gallen-Kallela 1896. ... Koistinen concert kantele with 38 strings A kantele, Finnish (or kannel) in Estonian, is a traditional plucked string instrument. ...

Russian mythology holds that the pike is one of several forms assumed by evil water spirits called vodyanoy, and a ravenous mythical pike is traditionally blamed for decimating the fish population in the Sheksna River. Wodjanoj or Vodyanoy (literally watery) in Slavic mythology is the male water spirit, a master shape-shifter who is said to live in a whirlpool, or in an underwater palace made from the treasures of sunken ships. ... Sheksna (Ð¨ÐµÐºÑÐ½Ð°Ì) â€” (former) river in Russia, left tributary of Volga. ...

References

Category: Esocidae FishBase is a comprehensive database of information about fish. ... The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ... is the 339th day of the year (340th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is the most successful dictionary of the English language, (not to be confused with the one-volume Oxford Dictionary of English, formerly New Oxford Dictionary of English, of... Open water swimming is an activity in which people swim in large, outdoor bodies of water such as oceans, bays, lakes and rivers. ... (Redirected from 21st October) October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Contents

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Diet

Angling

In mythology

References

Name