Esperanto topics
This article is part of the Esperanto series
Language
Esperanto | Grammar | Letters | Phonology | Orthography | Vocabulary
History
History | Zamenhof | Proto-Esperanto | "Unua Libro" | Declaration of Boulogne | "Fundamento" | Prague Manifesto
Culture and media
Culture | Esperantists | Esperantujo | Film | Internacia Televido | La Espero | Libraries | Literature | Music | Native speakers | Pop culture references | Publications | Symbols | Zamenhof Day
Organization and services
Amikeca Reto | Esperanto Academy | Kurso de Esperanto | Encyclopedia | Pasporta Servo | Pen pal service | Plouézec Meetings | TEJO | UEA | World Congress | Youth Congress
National Associations
Britain | Britain Youth | USA
Criticism
Esperantido | Propedeutic value | Reformed | Riism | Vs. Ido | Vs. Interlingua
Related topics
Auxiliary language | Constructed language | Ido | Interlingua | Novial | Volapük | Signuno
Wikimedia
Portal | Vikipedio | Vikivortaro | Vikicitaro | Vikifonto | Vikilibroj | Vikikomunejo | Vikispecoj

Esperantido is the term used within the Esperanto and constructed language communities to describe a language project based on or inspired by Esperanto. Esperantido originally referred to the language of that name, which later came to be known as Ido. The word Esperantido is derived from Esperanto plus the suffix -ido (a descendant). Thus Esperantido literally means "an offspring of Esperanto". Image File history File links Flag_of_Esperanto. ... Look up Esperanto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Esperanto is a constructed auxiliary language based on the languages of Europe. ... The creator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, did not specify phonemic-phonetic correspondences for his language. ... Esperanto is written in a Latin alphabet of twenty-eight letters, upper and lower case. ... The word base of Esperanto was originally defined by Lingvo internacia, published by Zamenhof in 1887. ... The constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto was developed in the 1870s and 80s by L. L. Zamenhof, and first published in 1887. ... L. L. Zamenhof Dr. Ludovic Lazarus (Ludwik Lejzer, Ludwik Łazarz) Zamenhof (December 15, 1859–April 14, 1917) was an ophthalmologist, philologist, and the initiator of Esperanto, the most widely spoken constructed language. ... Proto-Esperanto (or pra-Esperanto in the language itself) is the modern term for any of the stages in the evolution of L. L. Zamenhofs language project, prior to the publication of his Unua Libro in 1887. ... The Unua Libro (First Book) was the first publication to describe the international language, Esperanto (then called Lingvo Internacia, inter-national language). It was first published in Russian on July 26, 1887, and later editions were published in Russian, 1888, Hebrew, 1889. ... The Declaration of Boulogne (Bulonja Deklaracio) was a document written by L. L. Zamenhof and endorsed by the attendees of the first world congress of Esperanto in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France in 1905. ... The Fundamento de Esperanto (Foundation of Esperanto) is a book by L. L. Zamenhof, published in the spring of 1905. ... The Prague Manifesto (or Manifesto de Prago) is a set of seven widely-shared principles of the Esperanto movement. ... The language Esperanto is often used to access an international culture. ... Esperantujo, also Esperantio, is a term used by speakers of the planned international language Esperanto to refer to the sphere of activity taking place in that language. ... // Feature films There are two feature films known to have been shot exclusively in the constructed language Esperanto. ... Internacia Televido is an Internet-based Esperanto-language television station, launched on the 5th of November, 2005. ... La Espero (the hope) is a poem written by L. L. Zamenhof (1859-1917), the initiator of the Esperanto language. ... The following Esperanto libraries and collections of works in the Esperanto language are worthy of note: The Montagu Butler Library of Esperanto materials, maintained by the British Esperanto Association, whose collection of 30,000 items is often quoted. ... Since Esperanto is the largest planned language, there are over 25,000 books in Esperanto and the largest Esperanto book service at the World Esperanto Association sells over 4,000 books. ... Music in a variety of styles is written, recorded, and performed in Esperanto, a planned language used for international communication. ... Native Esperanto speakers (in Esperanto denaskuloj) come to be in families in which Esperanto (and usually other languages) is spoken. ... The constructed language Esperanto has been used in a number of films and novels. ... December 15 (Zamenhof Day, Zamenhofa Festo) is the birthday of L. L. Zamenhof, the initiator of Esperanto. ... Amikeca Reto (Friendship Network) is a directory of people around the world who do not necessarily want to host other Esperanto speakers, but want to work together and exchange ideas with others around the world. ... The Academy of Esperanto is, according to its website, an independent language institute whose task is to conserve and protect the fundamental principles of the language Esperanto and control its evolution. ... Kurso de Esperanto is a free language course software with 12 units for the constructed language Esperanto. ... The Encyclopedia of Esperanto is an encyclopedia about the Esperanto Movement. ... The Pasporta Servo (Passport Service) is a publication in Esperanto. ... The Esperanto Pen Pal Service is an online service to help speakers of the Esperanto language find Esperanto speaking pen pals around the world. ... The Breton village of Plouézec has hosted an International Meeting annually since 1997. ... TEJO is the Tutmonda Esperantista Junulara Organizo, or World Esperanto Youth Organization. ... The World Esperanto Association (in Esperanto UEA: Universala Esperanto-Asocio) is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers, with members in 119 countries (as of 2000) and in official relations with the United Nations and UNESCO. In addition to individual members, 95 national Esperanto organizations are affiliated to UEA. Its... The World Congress of Esperanto (in Esperanto: Universala Kongreso de Esperanto) has the longest tradition among international Esperanto conventions, with an almost unbroken run of nearly a hundred years. ... The International Youth Congress of Esperanto or Internacia Junulara Kongreso is the biggest annual meeting of young esperantists in the world and participants usually number around 300 but have been know to have more than 1000 esperanto-speakers from all over the world coming for the entire week. ... The Youth Esperanto Association of Britain Junulara Esperanto-asocio de Britio (JEB) is new organisation for young esperantists in Great Britain which recently has been created due to that lack of an active youth Esperanto-movement for some time. ... Esperanto was conceived as a language of international communication, more precisely as a universal second language. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Reformed Esperanto was a reformed version of Esperanto created in 1894. ... Riism (Riismo in Esperanto) is a modification of Esperanto to simplify it, to make it symmetric, and to incorporate non-sexist language and gender-neutral pronouns into it. ... This article attemts to highlight the main differences between Esperanto and Ido, two constructed languages have a related past but have since parted ways. ... This article attempts to highlight the main differences between Esperanto and Interlingua, two planned languages which have taken radically different approaches to the problem of providing an International auxiliary language. ... An international auxiliary language (sometimes abbreviated as IAL or auxlang) is a language used (or to be used in the future) for communication between people from different nations who do not share a common native language. ... An artificial or constructed language (known colloquially as a conlang among aficionados), is a language whose phonology, grammar and vocabulary are specifically devised by an individual or small group, rather than having naturally evolved as part of a culture the way natural languages do. ... Ido (pronounced //), a constructed language, was created to become a universal second language for speakers of different linguistic backgrounds, easier to learn than any ethnic language. ... The constructed language Interlingua is an international auxiliary language (IAL) published in 1951 by the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). ... Novial [nov-, new + IAL, International Auxiliary Language] is a constructed language devised by Otto Jespersen, a Danish linguist who had previously been involved in the Ido movement. ... Volapük is a constructed language, created in 1879-1880 by Johann Martin Schleyer, a Catholic priest in Baden, Germany. ... Signuno alphabet & numerals Signuno is signed Esperanto, derived from Gestuno roots and Esperanto morphology by an anonymous author. ... Look up Esperanto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An artificial or constructed language (known colloquially as a conlang among aficionados), is a language whose phonology, grammar and vocabulary are specifically devised by an individual or small group, rather than having naturally evolved as part of a culture the way natural languages do. ... Ido (pronounced //), a constructed language, was created to become a universal second language for speakers of different linguistic backgrounds, easier to learn than any ethnic language. ...

Esperanto Reforms

A number of esperantidos have been created to address a number of perceived flaws or weaknesses of Esperanto, or of other esperantidos.

Zamenhof himself proposed in 1894 several changes in the language. The Esperantists of the time rejected them, however. It has been suggested that Zamenhof made the changes very radical to assure their rejection and reinforce the established version. Reformed Esperanto was a reformed version of Esperanto created in 1894. ...

Ido, the foremost of the esperantidos, sought to bring Esperanto into closer alignment with Western European expectations of an ideal language, based on familiarity with French, English, and Italian. Reforms included changing the spelling by removing non-Roman letters such as ĉ and re-introducing the k/q dichotomy; removing a couple of the more obscure phonemic contrasts (one of which, [x], has been effectively removed from standard Esperanto); ending the infinitives in -r and the plurals in -i like Italian; eliminating adjectival agreement, and removing the need for the accusative case by setting up a fixed default word order; reducing the amount of inherent gender in the vocabulary, providing a masculine suffix and an epicene third-person singular pronoun; replacing the pronouns and correlatives with forms more similar to the Romance languages; adding new roots where Esperanto uses the antonymic prefix mal-; replacing much of Esperanto's other regular derivation with separate roots, which are thought to be easier for Westerners to remember; and replacing much of the Germanic and Slavic vocabulary with Romance forms, such as navo for English-derived ŝipo. An example of an Ido Pater noster is given below. Ido (pronounced //), a constructed language, was created to become a universal second language for speakers of different linguistic backgrounds, easier to learn than any ethnic language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... ... 1) In linguistics, having only one form of the noun for both the male and the female. ... The Romance languages, also called Romanic languages or New Latin languages, are a subset of the Italic languages, specifically the descendants of the Latin dialects spoken by the common people in what is known as Latin Europe (Italian/Portuguese/Spanish Europa latina, Catalan Europa llatina, French Europe latine, Romanian Europa... Antonyms, from the Greek anti (against) and onoma (name) are word pairs that are opposite in meaning, such as hot and cold, fat and thin, and up and down. ...

Praktika Esperanto was inspired by Ido, but had less sweeping goals: Making the verb endings (-as, -is, -os, -us) more easily differentiated in normal speech, removing non-Roman letters whenever practical; and adding new roots where Esperanto added mal- to another word.

Sen:esepera went in another direction. Not only was the morphology changed, but the phonology was also overhauled to make it more accessible. The consonantal phonemes are limited to fourteen found in 95% of natural languages, and the only allowed consonant clusters are nasal+plosive. (Thus the esepera in its name, from Esperanto "espera".) It was created to be taught to those who are monolingual in one language with a restricted sound set. In linguistics, a consonant cluster is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. ... A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ... A stop or plosive or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. ...

Most esperantidos attempt to bring the language closer to a particular ethnic language or region. One of the very few that instead aims to make it more universal is Bonjang, which takes much of its vocabulary from Malay, Tagalog, Mandarin, and Swahili. It is difficult to recognize that the language is even related to Esperanto. For example, Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... This article is on all of the Northern Chinese dialects. ... This article is about the language. ...

Ya yotang ginzim umba vampun yo mungkeng kasum,

is, in Esperanto,

La kato granda ĉasas rapide la muson malgrandan,

(The large cat quickly chases the small mouse).

One of the more interesting esperantidos, grammatically, is Universal. It adds a schwa to break up consonant clusters, marks the accusative case with a nasal vowel, has inclusive and exclusive pronouns, uses partial reduplication for the plural (tablo "table", tatablo "tables"), and inversion for antonyms (mega "big", gema "little"; donu "give", nodu "receive"; tela "far", leta "near"). Inversion can be seen in, Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Inclusive we is a pronoun that indicates the speaker, the addressee, and perhaps other people, as opposed to the exclusive we that excludes the addressee. ... Reduplication, in linguistics, is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word, or only part of it, is repeated. ... Antonyms, from the Greek anti (against) and onoma (name) are word pairs that are opposite in meaning, such as hot and cold, fat and thin, and up and down. ...

al gefinu o fargu kaj la egnifu o grafu

"he finished reading [lit. 'to read'] and she started to write"

The antonyms are al "he" and la "she" (compare li "s/he"), the ge- (completive) and eg- (inchoative) aspects, fin- "to finish" and nif- "to begin", and graf- "to write" and farg- "to read". In linguistics, grammatical aspect is a property of a verb that defines the nature of temporal flow (or lack thereof) in the described event or state. ...

The Universal reduplicated plural and inverted antonyms are reminiscent of the musical language Solresol. Solresol is an artificial language, devised by a Frenchman, Jean François Sudre, beginning in 1817. ...

While most esperantidos aim to simplify Esperanto, Poliespo ("polysynthetic Esperanto") makes it considerably more complex. Besides the polysynthetic morphology, it incorporates much of the phonology and vocabulary of the Cherokee language. It has fourteen vowels, six of them nasalized, and three tones. This article has been translated, and needs attention from someone approaching dual fluency. ... Polysynthetic languages are highly synthetic languages, i. ... Original distribution of the Cherokee language Cherokee (Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩ) is an Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people. ... A nasal vowel is a vowel that produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through the mouth and the nose. ... It has been suggested that Tonal language be merged into this article or section. ...

Esperanto specializations

There are various projects to adapt Esperanto to specialized uses. Esperanto de DLT is one; it was created to be an interlanguage of machine translation. Distributed Language Translation (DLT) was a project to develop a machine translation system for twelve European languages. ... In linguistics and computer science, machine translation (MT) is the use of computer software to perform translation tasks on digital texts for natural language writing systems. ...

Baza is a proposal to limit Esperanto to a vocabulary of only some 400 words, much as Basic English sought limited English to 850 words, as an interlanguage between the various esperantidos. Baza (also known as Inter-esperanto) is a proposal to limit Esperanto to a vocabulary of about 450 words as an interlanguage between the various esperantidos. ... Basic English is a constructed language with a small number of words created by Charles Kay Ogden and described in his book Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar (1930). ...

Esperant'

There are also extensions of Esperanto which are created for amusement.

One such style, called Esperant’, is rumoured to have been started in a chat room, but it is never seen. Like other Idos, information on the idiom is rare although some aspects of its elision are adopted by some esperantists in day-to-day conversation. These features of Esperant' do not go against standard Esperanto grammatical forms and are widely understood, but others are less logical and make communication slow and disjointed.

Sentence structure

• Subject - 'O' ending is removed. Knabo becomes knab'.
• Plural - 'Oj' ending is removed and replaced with the suffix 'aro' (collection), which changes to ar'. Knaboj becomes knabar'.
• Adjectives - 'A' or 'aj' endings removed and adjectives are combined with the noun they describe. Bela knabino becomes belknabin'.
• Direct object - '-n' ending is removed and 'je' is placed before the word.
• Verbs - Verbal ending removed and used as an action-noun with 'o' ending, which is also removed.
  • The verbal ending is moved to the preposition in the sentence, which then acts as a verb. If there is no preposition in the sentence, 'jen' behold is used.

Example: Some boys love the pretty girl.
Esperanto Knaboj amas la belan knabinon.
Esperant' Jenas am' de knabar' je la belknabin'.
Literally Behold the love of boys to the pretty-girl.

An example of an Esperant’ Pater noster is given below.

Personal Esperantidos

Finally, there are projects designed to give Esperanto greater variety, such as "dialects" or pseudo-historical forms, usually for literary purposes. Two of the more notable are Popido and Arcaicam Esperantom, both created by Manuel Halvelik. Popido, or "Popular Idiom", is intended to be a substandard "dialect" of Esperanto, that, for example, does away with much of Esperanto's inflectional system. Arcaicam Esperantom is a fictitious "archaic" version of Esperanto that "retains" a more complex inflectional system (dative and genitive cases in -d and -es, verbal inflections for person and number, etc.), as well as orthographic digraphs ph, tz, etc., hard c for [k], and the letters q, y, w. Arcaicam Esperantom is a constructed language created to act as a fictional Old Esperanto, in the vein of languages such as Old English. ... Digraph has several meanings: Directed graph, or digraph Digraph (orthography) Digraph (computing) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Samples of Ido, Esperant', Arcaicam Esperantom, and Popido

The Esperanto Pater noster follows, compared to the Ido, Esperant’ and Arcaicam Esperantom versions. A phrase in Popido is listed below. The Lords Prayer (sometimes known by its first two Latin words as the Pater Noster, in Greek as the , or the English equivalent Our Father) is probably the best-known prayer in Christianity. ...

Sample of Popido

redonu al tu vir si pistol

which in standard Esperanto would be,

redonu al tiu viro sian pafilon

(give that man back his gun)

External links

• Patro Nia -- (pictured on a wall of the Convent of the Pater Noster)