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Encyclopedia > Essaouira
Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador)*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The ramparts of Essaouira
State Party Flag of Morocco Morocco
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iv
Reference 753
Region Arab States
Inscription History
Inscription 2001  (25th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.
Region as classified by UNESCO.

Essaouira (Arabic: الصويرة, eṣ-ṣauīrah; formerly known as Mogador, its old Portuguese name) is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, on the Atlantic coast. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... The ramparts of Essaouira (personal photograph). ... As of 2006, there are a total of 830 World Heritage Sites located in 138 State Parties. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Morocco. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Arab world. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... “Atlantic” redirects here. ...

Contents

History

Archeological research shows that Essaouira has been occupied since prehistorical times. The bay in front of Essaouira is almost closed by the large island of Mogador, making it a relatively peaceful harbour protected against the strong winds of the area.


Essaouira has long been considered as one of the best anchorages of the Moroccan coast. During the 5th century BC, she was visited by the Carthaginian navigator Hanno, who established a trading post there. Around the end of the 1st century BC, Juba II established a Tyrian purple factory, processing the murex and purpura shells found in the rocks around Essaouira. This was used to dye the purple strip in Imperial Roman Senatorial togas. The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. // The Parthenon of Athens seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ... This article is about the ancient city-state of Carthage in North Africa. ... Hanno the Navigator was a Carthaginian explorer, sent out with a fleet and many thousands of colonists, who founded or repopulated seven Carthaginian cities on the Atlantic shore of Morocco and explored the Atlantic coast of Africa, apparently deep into the Gulf of Guinea. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero. ... Juba II Juba II (Iuba in Latin; Ιóβας (Ιóβα) or Ιουβας in Greek)[1] or Juba II of Numidia (52-50 BC - 23 AD) was a king of Numidia and then later moved to Mauretania. ... Murex brandaris, also known as the Spiny dye-murex The chemical structure of 6,6′-dibromoindigo, the main component of Tyrian Purple A space-filling model of 6,6′-dibromoindigo Tyrian purple (Greek: , porphura), also known as royal purple or imperial purple, is a purple-red dye made by the... Species see text Murex (Linnaeus, 1758) is a genus of tropical carnivorous marine gastropods. ... Purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ... Roman clad in toga The toga was a distinctive garment of Ancient Rome. ...


During the Middle Ages, a muslim saint named Sidi Mogdoul was buried in Essaouira and gave his name to the locality, which was later transcribed as "Mogador" by the Portuguese. In 1506, the king of Portugal ordered a fortress to be built there, named "Castelo Real de Mogador". The fortress fell to the local resistance of the Regraga fraternity four years later. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...


During the 16th century, various powers including Spain, England, the Netherlands and France tried in vain to conquer the locality. Essaouira remained a small haven for the export of sugar molasses and the anchoring of pirates. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Molasses or treacle is a thick syrup by-product from the processing of the sugarcane or sugar beet into sugar. ...


The actual city of Essaouira was only built during the 18th century. Mohammed III, wishing to reorient his kingdom towards the Atlantic for increased exchanges with European powers, chose Mogador as his key location. He hired a French engineer, Théodore Cornut, and several other European architects and technicians, to build the fortress along modern lines. Originally called "Souira", "The small fortress", the name then became "Es-Saouira", "The beautifully designed". (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Sidi Mohammed III Ben Abdellah al-Qatib (17??-1790) (Arabic: محمد الثالث بن عبد الله الخطيب) was Sultan of Morocco from 1757 to 1790 under the Alaouite Dynasty and originating from the Moasmouda tribe. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ... Théodore Cornut was of French mathematician and military architect of the 18th century, born in Avignon. ...


Mohammed ben Abdallah encouraged the establishment of Jewish as well as foreign traders. They were around one thousand by 1780. He also forced European nations to establish consulates in the city, but the city did not really flourish, as she was too far away from the traditional caravan trade routes. Sidi Mohammed III Ben Abdellah al-Qatib (17??-1790) (Arabic: محمد الثالث بن عبد الله الخطيب) was Sultan of Morocco from 1757 to 1790 under the Alaouite Dynasty and originating from the Moasmouda tribe. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination...

French troops disambarking on the island of Mogador, in Essaouira bay in 1844.
French troops disambarking on the island of Mogador, in Essaouira bay in 1844.

Following Morocco's alliance with Algeria's Abd-El-Kader against France, Essaouira was bombarded and briefly occupied by the French Navy under the Prince de Joinville on August 16th, 1844. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (2531 × 1109 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (2531 × 1109 pixel, file size: 1. ... `Abd al_Qādir al_Jazāirī. `Abd al_Qādir al_Jazāirī (6 September 1808 - 26 May 1883) was an Algerian military leader who led a struggle against the French invasion in the mid-nineteenth century, for which he is seen as a Algerian national hero. ... The French Navy, officially called the National Navy (French: Marine Nationale) is the maritime arm of the French military. ... François-Ferdinand-Philippe-Louis-Marie dOrléans, prince de Joinville (14 August 1818 - 16 June 1900) was the third son of Louis Philippe, duc dOrléans, afterwards king of the French and his wife Marie Amalie of Bourbon-Sicilies. ... Jan. ...


In the early fifties film director and actor Orson Welles stayed at the Hotel des Iles just south of the town walls during the filming of his 1952 classic version of "Othello" which contains several memorable scenes shot in the labyrynthine streets and alleyways of the medina. Legend has it that during Welles's sojourn in the town he met Winston Churchill - another guest at the Hotel des Iles. Several other film directors have utilised Essaouira's photogenic and atmospheric qualities.


Essaouira today

Portuguese cannons in the port of Essaouira
Portuguese cannons in the port of Essaouira

The Medina of Essaouira (formerly "Mogador") is a UNESCO World Heritage Listed city, as an example of a late-18th century fortified town, as transferred to North Africa. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1068 pixel, file size: 1,023 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) de:Essaouira - Kanonen im Haffen en:Essaouira - Cannons in the port fr:Essaouira es:Essaouira pl:Essaouira - Armaty w porcie File historyClick on a... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1068 pixel, file size: 1,023 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) de:Essaouira - Kanonen im Haffen en:Essaouira - Cannons in the port fr:Essaouira es:Essaouira pl:Essaouira - Armaty w porcie File historyClick on a... For other uses, see Cannon (disambiguation). ... A medina quarter is a distinct city section found in many North African cities. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...


The fishing harbour, suffering from the competition of Agadir and Safi remains rather small, although the catches (sardines, conger eels) are surprisingly abundant due to the coastal upwelling generated by the powerful northeastern trade winds. Panorama of the seaside from the Kasbah Agadir (Arabic: أكادير, Berber (Amazigh): ) is a city in southwest Morocco, capital of the Souss-Massa-Dra region. ... Asfi (french Safi) is a city located in western Morocco, by the Atlantic Ocean. ... Sardines in the Pacific An open Sardines can Sardines on a plate grilled Sardines For the hide and seek-like game, see Hide and seek. ... Conger or conger eel is a vernacular term used of a number of different species of fish, mostly eels of the family Congridae, and especially the genus Conger. ... Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water. ... The trade winds are a pattern of wind found in bands around Earths equatorial region. ...


Tourism is of growing importance, supporting boutique hotels established in traditional Moroccan riads, within the old town's ramparts. There are a number of modern purpose-built hotels, running along the beach. The medina is home to many small arts and crafts businesses, notably cabinet making and thuya wood-carving, both of which have been practised in Essaouira for centuries. Boutique hotel is a term originating in North America to describe intimate, usually luxurious or quirky hotel environments. ... A riad room in Essaouira. ... A medina quarter is a distinct city section found in many North African cities. ... Cabinet making is the practice of utilizing many woodworking skills to create cabinets, shelving and furniture. ... Species Thuja koraiensis Thuja occidentalis Thuja plicata Thuja standishii Thuja sutchuenensis Thuja (pronounced Thuya) is a genus of coniferous trees in the Cupressaceae (cypress family). ... Carved wooden cranes Wood carving is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool held in the hand (this may be a power tool), resulting in a wooden figure or figurine (this may be abstract in nature) or in the ornamentation of a wooden object. ...


Essaouira is also renowned for its windsurfing, with the powerful northeastern trade wind blowing almost constantly onto the protected, almost waveless, bay. Several world-class clubs rent top-notch material on a weekly basis. A windsurfer with modern gear tilts the rig and carves the board to perform a planing gybe (downwind turn) close to shore in Maui, Hawaii, one of the popular destinations for windsurfing. ...


The water is "fresh" year-round, and parasols tend to be used more as a protection against the wind and the blowing sand. Camel excursions are available on the beach and into the desert band in the interior. For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ...


Also the place Jimmi Hendrix ended up after his hippy trail. The song castles in the sand was said to be penned in Essaouira


Photo Gallery


More images on Tim Fearn's Flickr site: [1]


External links

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/Button_gallery.png Insert a picture gallery*Essaouira entry in Lexicorient Alberto Ruy-Sánchez Lacy, is a Mexican Writer and Editor born in Mexico City on December the 7th, 1951. ...

Coordinates: 31°30′47″N, 9°46′11″W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...



 

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