Estado Novo (Portuguese for "New State") was the name of the authoritarian government installed in Brazil by President Getúlio Dornelles Vargas in 1937. See also the section in the history of Brazil. The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... This is a list of the Presidents of Brazil. ... Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (April 19, 1882 - August 24, 1954) was the president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950 to his suicide in 1954. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... // Depression, coffee oligarchs, and the Revolution of 1930 The Great Depression The tenente rebellion (See History of Brazil (1889-1930)) did not mark the revolutionary breakthrough of Brazils bourgeois social reformers. ...

History

In 1937, while awaiting the presidential elections for January, 1938, the existence of a communist plan was denounced by the government. This denunciation was part of a plan, the Plano Cohen, to take over the government. Plano Cohen was forged in the government with the objective to create a climate favorable to the coup of the Estado Novo, which occurred November 10, 1937. 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

After that, Getúlio Vargas closed the Congress and established a new Constitution that gave him control of the legislature and judiciary. In the following month, Vargas signed a Decree dispersing political parties, and the "Ação Integralista Brasileira" (AIB). On May 11, 1938, the integralists, unsatisfied with the closing of the AIB, invaded the Guanabara Palace, attempting to depose Vargas. This episode is known as "It raises Integralista." Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (April 19, 1882 - August 24, 1954) was the president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950 to his suicide in 1954. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Between 1937 and 1945, the duration of the Estado Novo, Getúlio Vargas gave continuity to the formation of structure and professionalism in the State. He oriented the state to intervene in the economy, promoting economic nationalism. The intention was to form a strong impulse toward industrialization. 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (April 19, 1882 - August 24, 1954) was the president of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1950 to his suicide in 1954. ...

In this period, a number of industrial concerns were created:

• The "Conselho Nacional do Petróleo" (CNP) (National Oil Advisor)
• The "Departamento Administrativo do Serviço Público" (DASP)(The Administration Department of Public Service)
• The "Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional" (CSN) (National Iron Smelting Company)
• The "Companhia Vale do Rio Doce" (Sweet River Valley Company)
• The "Companhia Hidrelétrica do São Francisco" (Saint Francis Hydroelectric Company)
• The "Fábrica Nacional de Motores" (FNM) (National Motor Plant)

The Estado Novo had a powerful effect on Brazilian architecture, because it provided sufficient authority to implement Urban Planning on a large scale in Brazil. Although sufficient wealth was not available to complete the plans, they had a powerful, lasting effect on the cities and their organization. One of the best-planned cities in the world, Curitiba, received its first planning during the Estado Novo. One notable urban planner was Alfredo Agache. Urban, city, or town planning, deals with the physical, social and economic development of metropolitan regions, municipalities and neighborhoods. ... Curitiba is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Paraná. In 2001 it had a population of some 1,600,000 people. ... Donat-Alfred Agache, sometimes called Alfredo Agache, formally planned the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro, Recife, Porto Alegre and Curitiba in the 1940s and 1950s, supported by the Estado Novo fascist regime in Brazil. ...

A series of measures were used to restrain opposition, such as the nomination of Intervenors for the States and censorship of the media, performed by the DIP ("Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda" - Department of Press and Propaganda). This agency also promoted the ideology of the Estado Novo, designed the propaganda of the government and tried to control public opinion.

In 1943, Getúlio edited the CLT ("Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho" Consolidation of the Work Laws), guaranteeing that a job would be stable after ten years of service. It also provided weekly rest, regulated the work of minors and women, regulated night-time work and set a working day to eight hours. 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ...

With the start of World War II, in 1939, Vargas maintained neutrality until 1941, when an agreement was formed between Brazil and United States. The North American government promised to finance Brazilian iron and steel extraction, in exchange for military bases in Natal, in the northeast. Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII or World War Two), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Getúlio also signed a treaty to supply natural rubber from Amazônia to the Allies.

After the sinking of Brazilian ships by German submarines in 1942, Brazil declared war on Germany and Italy. In January 28, 1943, Vargas and Franklin Delano Roosevelt (President of U.S.A.) participated in the Conference of Christmas, where the first agreements create, in November, the "Força Expedicionária Brasileira" (FEB- The Brasilian Expeditionary Force). In July, 1944 the first group is sent to fight in Italy. In June of 1945, Brazil declared war on Japan. This article is about the year. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only man to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The ending of the conflict in 1945 strengthened the pressures in favor of redemocratizaion. Although some measures were taken, such as the setting of a date for elections, the amnesty, the freedom to organise political parties, and a commitment to choose a new Constitutional convention, Vargas was deposed on October 29, 1945 by a military movement led by generals from the ministry of war. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

See also

• Estado Novo
• Estado Novo (Portugal)

There have been two regimes known as Estado Novo (meaning New State): Estado Novo (Brazil) Estado Novo (Portugal) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... History of Portugal series Prehistoric Portugal Pre-Roman Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia Visigoths and Suevi Moorish rule and Reconquista First County of Portugal Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal Second County of Portugal Establishment of the Monarchy Consolidation of the Monarchy 1383–1385 Crisis Discoveries Portuguese Empire 1580 Crisis Iberian...

External links

• Brazil Now.Info Estado Novo in Glossary.