The Estelada flag blue

The “estelada” flag (Catalan flag with a star), is the battle flag of the Catalan separatist movement. Article 3 of the provisional Constitution of the Catalan Republic, written and approved in 1928 in Cuba by the “Assemblea Constituent” (Constituent Assembly) of Catalan separatism, specifically provides that the official flag of the Catalan Republic consists of four red bars on a yellow field, superimposed with a blue triangle and white five-pointed star. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ... 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The fact of having a star in the fighting flag comes from the early days. The lone star means the national freedom, the independence. Looking to the flags of the independent states, and to the stateless nations, in many of them one finds stars. Of all these independent states, the oldest is Cuba, which was a Spanish colony until 1898. The fight of Cuba for its independence was already being followed with attention by the Catalanists of the XIX century. Then, it is not strange that the symbols of the Cuban rebels had influence among the separatists that blossomed inside the Catalanist groups. Once the War of Independence was finished in Cuba, it was created, in Santiago, in the year 1906, the “Centre Catalanist of Santiago de Cuba” (Catalanist Centre of Santiago the Cuba), where one could already see the primitive Catalan “estelada” flag: in the middle of a “senyera” there was a white star with five ends. 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 19 (nineteen) is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. ... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Santiago de Cuba is the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province in eastern Cuba. ...

The first star with a clear nationalist intention known in Catalonia is of a date before 1904, and it has to do with the “Unió Catalanista” (Catalanist Union). It is a stamp commemorating the ownership process of “Pi de les Tres Branques” (The Three Branches Pine) by the Catalanist Union. 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Later, in 1906, a star appears in the headers of the magazine “Fora Grillons!” (Breaking Chains!), made in Santiago de Cuba by Catalan exiles (a publication that already claimed clearly the independence of Catalonia). 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

During the twenties, once the First World War is over, there are winds of freedom, helped by the United States of America president Woodrow Wilson.

The Society of Nations gives infinite hope. There are many nations that see their historical opportunity to free themselves, and so did the Czech Republic, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Armenia during the year 1918; other nations like Ukraine, Belarus and Georgia, are declared independent but occupied by the Soviets straight away. 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

In all these nations that have the hope of freedom, pressure groups start to mobilize in international spheres. In the Catalan case, the Comitè Pro-Catalunya (Pro-Catalonia Committee) was one of the most active. It was in these circumstances that a need was seen to have a symbol able to represent the Catalan aspirations and, of course, a star appeared on it. Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ...

It was since then that one started to hear about the “estelada” flag. Its design is, probably, of Vicenç Albert Ballester, where the blue triangle signifies the blue sky of humanity, and in its centre, the white star symbolizes freedom.

The first photograph where the flag appears is in a publication dated in 1918. It is the bulletin “L’intransigent” (The Intransigent), where a photo is reproduced of a group of young Americans and Catalan separatists holding both flags. 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

Also in 1918, there is in circulation a comic strip – a stamp without postal value – dedicated to the future Society of Nations, where there was also an “estelada”. 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

There are several kinds of “estelada”. One is in the last number of “La Tralla” (a radical separatist magazine from the 1920s), before the coup d’etat by Miguel Primo de Rivera. The other is in a document published by the Comitè Pro-Catalunya written in Catalan and Arabic, to greet and encourage one of the Moroccan leaders who revolted against Spain. Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America as the Roaring Twenties. // Events and trends Since the closing of the 20th Century, the 1920s has drawn close associations with the 1990s, and particularly in the United States. ... Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Marqués de Estella (Jerez, January 8, 1870 - Paris, March 16, 1930) was a Spanish military official who ruled Spain as a dictator from 1923 to 1930, ending the turno system of alternating parties. ...

In Cuba, appears for first time the headers of the magazine “La Nova Catalunya” (1920), (The New Catalonia). Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...

The “estelada” flag goes on to appear in other Catalan separatist publications.

The “estelada” was in the possession of Macià during the failed invasion of Prats de Molló in 1926. It appears between the Catalan volunteers in prison and the time when they were taken to Paris to be put on trial. There are also photos of the volunteers with the “estelada” in many other different places. 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ...

In 1928, with the presidency of Francesc Macià in the Constituent Assembly of the Catalan separatism, the “estelada” is again with them, and the Catalan separatists make it theirs. 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

During this period a new habit starts and it is present until those days. Every time a Catalan patriot dies, in a sign of grievance, we cover with a black cloth the part in the “estelada” where there are the four bars of the Catalan flag, and the star is visible as a sign that the fight goes on. Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ...

Later, during the period from 1931 to 1936, the “estelada” still appears numerous times. Some of these flags only have two colours due to the shortage of money, but everyone still talks of the traditional “estelada” with the blue triangle and the white star. 1931 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The Francoist dictatorship comes. The Front Nacional de Catalunya (National Front of Catalonia), or FNC, which used the Catalan flag and the “estelada”, is formed as an answer to the Spanish fascist occupation. The FOX News Channel is a US cable and satellite news channel. ...

During the sixties, in the university section of the FNC, there is an internal split named Partit Socialista d’Alliberament Nacional dels Països Catalans, (Socialist Party for the National Liberation of the Catalan Countries) (PSAN). Because this party wants to make its own socialist and Marxist ideas clear, it decides to change the colour of the star to red. So, in 1969, the new “estelada” starts to appear at PSAN meetings.

In the mid-seventies, the PSAN has its own splits. They lead to the creation of a new movement, the Moviment d’Unificació Marxista, (Movement of Marxist Unification), which starts to use the red star inside a white triangle, and the PSAN uses the red star inside a yellow triangle.

The unification of the flags with the red star in only one was very slow, until the Movement of Marxist Unification and the Bloc d’Esquerra d’Alliberament Nacional (Bloc of the Left for the National Liberation) (BEAN), disappear. Since then, the flag with the red star and the yellow triangle is the symbol of the socialist and communist separatists.

As of 2005, most commonly both kinds of “estelada” flag (the classic and the red) are used at the same time. 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...