Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two chemicals (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. These are commonly used as fragrance or flavour agents. A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances [1]. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. ... General formula of an ester of a carboxylic acid. ... In chemistry, the product(s) is/are formed when the reactant(s), also known as Educt(s), react with each other by overcoming the activation energy of a chemical reaction. ... Odor receptors on the antennae of a Luna moth An odor is the object of perception of the sense of olfaction. ... Flavouring (CwE) or flavoring (AmE) is a product which is added to food in order to change or augment its taste. ...
Examples of esterification reactions include:
Heating to reflux an acid (usually, but not always a carboxylic acid) and an alcohol in the presence of an catalyst forms the ester and water byproduct which can be removed to force the equibilibrium across to the desired products. This method is called Fischer esterification
H3C-COOH + HO-CH2-CH3 → H3C-COO-CH2-CH3 + H2O (with the presence of conc.sulfuric acid) Diagram of typical reflux apparatus. ... An organic acid is an organic compound that is an acid. ... Structure of a carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)-OH, usually written as COOH. In general, the salts and anions of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates. ... In chemistry, alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom, which in turn is bound to other hydrogen and/or carbon atoms. ... A catalyst (Greek: καταλÏτης, catalytÄ“s) is a substance that accelerates the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction (see also catalysis). ... Fischer esterification is the process of forming an ester by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid (catalyst). ... Flash point 43 °C R-phrases , S-phrases , , , U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) 10 ppm Supplementary data page Structure & properties n, εr, etc. ... Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless chemical compound, one of the alcohols that is most often found in alcoholic beverages. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... Ethyl acetate, also known as acetic acid ethyl ester, ethyl ethanoate, acetic ether or acetic ester, is a clear, flammable liquid with a characteristic, not unpleasant smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ...
H3C-COO- Na+ + HO-CH2-CH3 + H+ → H3C-COO-CH2-CH3 + H2O In chemistry, alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom, which in turn is bound to other hydrogen and/or carbon atoms. ... Sodium acetate, also known as sodium ethanoate, is used in a number of industries: Textile industry: to neutralize sulphuric acid and as a resist to aniline dyes Leather industry: as a pickling agent in chrome tanning Chemical industry: in the manufacture of diazo compounds Paper industry: as a buffering agent... Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless chemical compound, one of the alcohols that is most often found in alcoholic beverages. ...
H3C-CO2-Ag+ + Cl-CH2-CH3 → H3C-COO-CH2-CH3 + AgCl Haloalkane, halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides are compounds derived from alkanes by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. ... A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in that fluid. ... A silver halide is one of the compounds formed between silver and one of the halogens, usually silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl) and silver iodide (AgI). ...
The reaction of a carboxylic acid halogenide (which is also called acyl halide) with an alcohol/phenol.
H3C-COCl + HO-CH2-CH3 → H3C-COO-CH2-CH3 + H-Cl An acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is an organic compound containing a carbon atom which is double_bonded to an oxygen atom and singly bonded to a chlorine atom. ...
The reaction of a carboxylic acid anhydride with an alcohol. (This method is used to synthesize aspirin)
H3C-CO-O-CO-CH3 + HO-CH2-CH3 → H3C-COO-CH2-CH3 + H3C-COOH In chemistry, an anhydride is a compound that can be considered as derived from another compound by subtracting the atoms of water. ... Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic (against minor pains and aches), antipyretic (against fever), and anti-inflammatory. ...
See also
Transesterification, a reaction to transform one ester into a different ester.
Hydrolysis, the cleavage of an ester with water back to a carboxylic acid and alcohol.
Esterified estrogens increase the risk of developing a condition (endometrial hyperplasia) that may lead to cancer of the lining of the uterus.
The combination, esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone, is used to treat symptoms of menopause that have not responded to estrogen therapy alone.
Esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone are in the FDA pregnancy category X. This means that esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone will cause birth defects in an unborn baby.
Subsequently, the styrene/maleic anhydride is esterified with what will be referred to herein as a "major alcohol" which is an alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl monoalcohol having a molecular weight greater than 100.
It is found to be necessary that the binder polymer be esterified to as high a degree as possible, i.e., preferably to at least about 80 mole percent of the incorporated maleic anhydride units.
Although 100% of the maleic anhydride moieties may be acceptably esterified, typically, a small percentage, e.g., 20 or less, mole percent of the maleic anhydride moieties, remain non-esterified.
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