Estimation is the calculated approximation of a result which is usable even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or noisy. A calculation is a deliberate process for transforming one or more inputs into one or more results. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with estimation. ... In mathematics and related technical fields, a mathematical object is complete if nothing needs to be added to it. ... // Relation between uncertainty, probability and risk In his seminal work Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit, Frank Knight (1921) established the important distinction between risk and uncertainty: … Uncertainty must be taken in a sense radically distinct from the familiar notion of Risk, from which it has never been properly separated. ... In common use the word noise means unwanted sound or noise pollution. ...

In statistics, see estimation theory, estimator. A graph of a bell curve in a normal distribution showing statistics used in educational assessment, comparing various grading methods. ... Estimation theory is a branch of statistics and signal processing that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured/empirical data. ... In statistics, an estimator is a function of the observable sample data that is used to estimate an unknown population parameter; an estimate is the result from the actual application of the function to a particular set of data. ...

In mathematics, approximation or estimation typically means finding upper or lower bounds of a quantity that cannot readily be computed precisely. While initial results may be unusably uncertain, recursive input from output, can purify results to be approximately accurate, certain, complete and noise-free. Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, known today as the father of geometry; shown here in a detail of The School of Athens by Raphael. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with estimation. ... In mathematics, especially in order theory, an upper bound of a subset S of some partially ordered set is an element which is greater than or equal to every element of S. The term lower bound is defined dually. ... A related article is titled uncertainty. ... A Sierpinski triangle —a confined recursion of triangles to form a geometric lattice. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub | Chemistry ...

• In project management (ie. for engineering), accurate estimates are the basis of sound project planning. Many process which have been developed to aid engineers in making accurate estimates, such as
  • compartmentalization (ie. breakdown of tasks),
  • structured planning,
  • educated assumptions,
  • Delphi method
  • identifying dependencies,
  • examining historical data,
  • estimating each task,
  • documenting the results.

Popular estimation processes include: It has been suggested that Project triangle be merged into this article or section. ... Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... Project planning is part of the Project Managers armoury that must be in place to ensure that effective control of time and cost/budget over time is managed within the project environment. ... Most intracellular organelles, i. ... Breakdown may refer to: Electrical breakdown Chemical breakdown Biological decomposition Nervous breakdown Societal breakdown A breakdown is a statement explaining the details of something such as a bill or cost of a plan A script breakdown for a play, film, or comic book Breakdown (album), by Melissa Etheridge. ... Look up Structure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up assumption in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Delphi method has been an anticipatory thinking (futures) technique aimed at building an agreement, or consensus about an opinion or view, without necessarily having people meet face to face, such as through surveys, questionnaires, e-mails etc. ...

• Cocomo
• Proxy Based Estimation (PROBE) (from the Personal Software Process)
• Wideband Delphi
• The Planning Game (from Extreme Programming)
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

COCOMO is a model designed by Barry Boehm to give an estimate of the number of man-months it will take to develop a software product. ... Designed by Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon, PSP has its roots in Capability Maturity Model (CMM), the Personal Software Process is a set of guidelines and best practices to incorporate discipline in the software development process. ... The Wideband Delphi estimation method is a consensus-based estimation technique for estimating effort. ... Extreme Programming (XP) is a software engineering methodology, the most prominent of several agile software development methodologies. ... PERT network chart for a seven-month project with five milestones (10 through 50) and six activities (A through F). ...

See also

• "Estimated" sign
• Estimation in software engineering
• Estimation theory
• Fermi problem
• Project management
• Software metric
• Wideband Delphi
• Sample size

Estimated sign The estimated sign is a mark required to be appended to the nominal mass or volume printed on prepackaged goods for sale within the European Union. ... The ability to accurately estimate the time/cost taken for a project to come to its successful conclusion has been a serious problem for software engineers. ... Estimation theory is a branch of statistics and signal processing that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured/empirical data. ... In physics, particularly in physics education, a Fermi problem or Fermi question is an estimation problem designed to teach dimensional analysis, approximation, and the importance of clearly identifying ones assumptions. ... It has been suggested that Project triangle be merged into this article or section. ... A software metric is a measure of some property of a piece of software or its specifications. ... The Wideband Delphi estimation method is a consensus-based estimation technique for estimating effort. ... Sample size, usually designated N, is the number of repeated measurements in a statistical sample. ...

External links

• Estimation chapter from "Applied Software Project Management" (PDF)
• The Dynamics of Software Projects Estimation
• Free Software Estimation Handbook