NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Estonian kroon

The kroon (ISO 4217 code: EEK) has been the currency of the Republic of Estonia since 1928. One kroon is divided into 100 senti. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 409 pixelsFull resolution (1015 Ã— 519 pixel, file size: 102 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) EEK, 50 senti, 2004 File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Eurozone countries ERM II countries other EU countries unilaterally adopted euro The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979, as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe, in preparation for... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2010 (MMX) will be a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... Look up plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Bank of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Pank), is the central bank of Estonia. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...

History

First kroon, 1928-1940

Already in 1927 the old 100 mark banknote was circulated with '1 KROON' overprint. The first kroon was introduced on 1 January 1928. It replaced the mark at a rate of 1 kroon = 100 marka. Initially the Estonian kroon had a fixed exchange rate, equal to 100/248 grams of gold. During the Great Depression in 1933, the Estonian kroon went off the gold standard. Estonian kroon circulated until the Soviet invasion of 1940. The kroon was exchanged for Soviet rubles at a rate of 1 ruble = 0.8 kroon. is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The mark was the currency of Estonia between 1919 and 1928. ... State motto (Russian): ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area - Total - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 kmÂ² Approx. ... ISO 4217 Code RUB User(s) Russia and self-proclaimed Abkhazia and South Ossetia Inflation 7% Source Rosstat, 2007 Subunit 1/100 kopek (ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÐ¹ÐºÐ°) Symbol Ñ€ÑƒÐ± kopek (ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÐ¹ÐºÐ°) Ðº Plural The language(s) of this currency is of the Slavic languages. ...

Second kroon, 1992-

The second kroon was introduced on 20 June 1992, replacing the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 kroon = 10 rubles. Initially, the Estonian kroon was pegged to the German mark at a rate of 8 EEK = 1 DEM.^[1] It has been stable since then. After the introduction of the euro the fixed exchange rate of 1.95583 DEM to EUR led to an exchange rate of 15.64664 krooni to the euro. is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... ISO 4217 Code DEM User(s) Germany, Montenegro, Kosovo ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by â‚¬, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by â‚¬, cash 1 January 2002 â‚¬ = 1. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ...

The kroon is now officially in ERM II, the EU's exchange rate mechanism. As it remains pegged to the euro, it makes no use of its 15% fluctuation band. Estonia was party to joining the mechanism since joining the EU - actual entry was on 28 June 2004 [1]. Eurozone countries ERM II countries other EU countries unilaterally adopted euro The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979, as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe, in preparation for... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Coins

First kroon

Second kroon

Coins in circulation ^[2]: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The 5 sent coins are no longer being issued. The 5 kroon coins were only issued as commemoratives.

Banknotes

First kroon

Second kroon

The 1 kroon notes are no longer being issued. As a result, the 5 sent coins, 5 kroon coins, and 1 kroon notes are all currently rarely found in circulation. Also the 50 kroon notes are not very popular in Estonia and are not seen in everyday circulation very often.

A Â£20 Bank of England banknote. ... This article needs translation. ... Karl Ernst von Baer (February 17, 1792 - November 26, 1876) was a Baltic German biologist and a founding father of embryology. ... Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ... Jakob Hurt as a young pastor in St Petersburg Jakob Hurt (22 July 1839 in Vana-Koiola - 13 January 1907 in St Petersburg) was a notable Estonian folklorist and theologian. ... Anton Hansen Tammsaare Anton Hansen Tammsaare (born as Anton Hansen, 30 January 1878 - 1 March 1940), was an Estonian writer whose quintology Tõde ja õigus (Truth and Justice; 1926-1933) is considered one of the major works of Estonian literature and The Estonian Novel. Tammsaare is depicted on the... Rudolf Tobias (May 29, 1873 KÃ¤inaâ€“29 October 1918 Berlin) was the first Estonian professional composer, as well as a professional organist. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Carl Robert Jakobson (July 26, 1841 - March 19,1882) was one of the important persons of Estonian waking time at the second half of 19th century. ...

See also

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Currently there are several currencies pegged to the euro, some with fluctuation bands around a central rate and others with no fluctuations allowed around the central rate. ... Estonian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins: This is a design by Lembit LÃµhmus and features a map of Estonia together with the word Eesti (Estonia). ... // A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain an exchange rate with a foreign currency. ... The mark was the currency of Estonia between 1919 and 1928. ... Estonia, as a new member of the WTO, is steadily moving toward a modern market economy with increasing ties to the West, including the pegging of its currency to the euro. ...

References

The Bank of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Pank), is the central bank of Estonia. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Categories: Crown | Currencies of Europe | Circulating currencies | Fixed exchange rate | Economy of Estonia Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... ISO 4217 Code CZK User(s) Czech Republic Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code DKK User(s) Denmark, Greenland, Faroe Islands 1 Inflation 1. ... The Faroese krÃ³na is the currency of the Faroes. ... The krone is the currency of Greenland. ... KrÃ³na (plural krÃ³nur) is the name of the currency used in Iceland. ... ISO 4217 Code NOK User(s) Norway Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code SKK User(s) Slovakia Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code SEK User(s) Sweden Inflation 2. ... The Kronenthaler was the currency of the Austrian Netherlands (modern Belgium). ... User(s) Austria-Hungary, Liechtenstein Subunit 1/100 heller fillÃ©r Symbol K, kr Coins 1, 2, 10, 20 heller / fillÃ©r 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 100 Krone(n) / korona Banknotes 1, 2, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, 200, 1000, 10 000 Krone(n) / korona Austro-Hungarian Bank This... The koruna (known as the Protectorate koruna) was the separate currency of Bohemia and Moravia between 1939 and 1945. ... ISO 4217 Code CSK User(s) Czech Republic Slovakia Inflation 57. ... User(s) Hungary Subunit 1/100 fillÃ©r Symbol K, kr Coins 1, 2, 10, 20 fillÃ©r, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 100 korona Banknotes 1, 2, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10 000, 25 000, 50 000, 100 000, 500 000, 1 000 000 korona Hungarian... The Liechtenstein krone (plural kronen) was the currency of Liechtenstein from 1898 to 1921. ... The Yugoslav krone was the short-lived provisional currency of the then forming Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes from November 12, 1918 to 1920. ... Crown reverse, 1953 and 1960. ... The Kronenthaler was a silver coin first issued in the Austrian Netherlands (see Austrian Netherlands kronenthaler). ... Image File history File links Euro_symbol_gold. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... The introduction of the euro took place principally between 31 December 1998, when the exchange rates between the euro and legacy currencies in the Eurozone became fixed, and early 2002, when euro notes and coins were introduced and the legacy currencies withdrawn. ... The euro (EUR or â‚¬) is the currency of 13 European Union (EU) member states (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain), three European microstates which have currency agreements with the EU (Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City State), Andorra, Montenegro and the... The euro sign in its official logo form. ... The Eurozone (also called Euro Area, Eurosystem or Euroland) refers to the European Union member states that have adopted the euro currency union. ... Enlargement of the eurozone is currently a policy of the European Central Bank, enforced by EU treaties. ... Headquarters Coordinates , , Established 1 January 1998 President Jean-Claude Trichet Central Bank of Austria, Belgium, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain Currency Euro ISO 4217 Code EUR Reserves â‚¬43bn directly, â‚¬338bn through the Eurosystem (including gold deposits). ... The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) is composed of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks (NCBs) of all 25 EU Member States. ... The Eurosystem is the system of central banks consisting of the European Central Bank and the central banks of the member states of the European Union whose currency is the euro. ... Currently there are several currencies pegged to the euro, some with fluctuation bands around a central rate and others with no fluctuations allowed around the central rate. ... There are three stages of monetary cooperation in the European Union. ... The European Currency Unit (â‚ ; ECU) was a basket of the currencies of the European Community member states, used as the unit of account of the European Community before being replaced by the euro. ... Eurozone countries ERM II countries other EU countries unilaterally adopted euro The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979, as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe, in preparation for... In economics, a monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency among them. ... The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is an agreement by European Union member states related to their conduct of fiscal policy, to facilitate and maintain Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... If it considered as a single state, the economy of the European Unions twenty-seven member states is currently the worlds second largest economy. ... The economy of Europe comprises more than 710 million people in 48 different states. ... Eonia (Euro OverNight Index Average) is an effective overnight rate computed as a weighted average of all overnight unsecured lending transactions in the interbank market. ... Euribor-12m value between years 2001 and 2006 Euribor (Euro Interbank Offered Rate) is a daily reference rate based on the averaged interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the euro wholesale money market (or interbank market). ... The Euro A petroeuro is a petroleum trade valued in the euro as opposed to the US dollar (a petrodollar). ... The rise of technology has allowed our environment to be characterized as a global one. ... In the foreign exchange market and international finance, a world currency or global currency refers to a currency in which the vast majority of international transactions take place and which serves as the worlds primary reserve currency. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... 1 cent euro coins are made of a steel core plated with copper. ... 2 cent euro coins are made of a steel core plated with copper. ... 5 cent euro coins are made of a steel core plated with copper. ... 10 cent euro coins are made of copper alloy (Nordic gold). ... // 20 cent euro coins are made of copper alloy (Nordic gold). ... 50 cent euro coins are made of copper alloy (Nordic gold). ... 1 euro coins are made of two alloys: the inner part of cupronickel, the outer part of nickel brass. ... // 2 euro coins are made of an inner coin and an outer ring. ... The new reverse side of all â‚¬2 coins from 2007 onwards. ... Czech euro coins have not yet been designed. ... The Schilling was the currency of Austria until 1999, when the Euro was introduced at a fixed parity of â‚¬1 = 13. ... ISO 4217 Code BEF User(s) Belgium, Luxembourg ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by â‚¬, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by â‚¬, cash 1 January 2002 â‚¬ = 40. ... ISO 4217 Code NLG User(s) The Netherlands Inflation 2. ... The markka or mark was the currency used in Finland from 1861 until January 1, 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (€). The currency code used for the markka was FIM, and the usual familiar notation was a postfix mk. ... ISO 4217 Code FRF User(s) Monaco, Andorra, France except New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Wallis and Futuna ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by â‚¬, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by â‚¬, cash 1 January 2002 â‚¬ = 6. ... ISO 4217 Code DEM User(s) Germany, Montenegro, Kosovo ERM Since 13 March 1979 Fixed rate since 31 December 1998 Replaced by â‚¬, non cash 1 January 1999 Replaced by â‚¬, cash 1 January 2002 â‚¬ = 1. ... ISO 4217 Code GRD User(s) Greece Inflation 3. ... For the coin of the same value, see Irish one pound coin. ... ISO 4217 Code ITL User(s) Italy, San Marino, Vatican City, but not Campione dItalia Inflation 2. ... The franc was the currency of Luxembourg from 1854 until 2002. ... The MonÃ©gasque franc was one of the official currencies of the Principality of Monaco until 2002, when it changed to the Euro. ... The escudo was the official currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the euro in 1 January 1999 (euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). ... The San Marinese lira (plural lire) was the official unit of San Marino from the 1860s until the introduction of the Euro in 2002. ... ISO 4217 Code SIT User(s) Slovenia Inflation 0. ... ISO 4217 Code ESP User(s) Spain, Andorra Inflation 1. ... The Vatican lira (plural lire) was the official unit of the Vatican City State. ... Eurozone countries ERM II countries other EU countries unilaterally adopted euro The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979, as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe, in preparation for... ISO 4217 Code CYP User(s) Cyprus (except in the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus), Akrotiri and Dhekelia Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code DKK User(s) Denmark, Greenland, Faroe Islands 1 Inflation 1. ... The 5 lats coin, used before WWII, becamed a popular symbol of independence during the Soviet era The lats (in Latvian: lats, plural lati, the ISO 4217 currency code: LVL) is the official currency of Latvia. ... The litas (ISO currency code LTL, symbolized as Lt; plural litai or litÅ³) is the official currency of Lithuania. ... The Maltese lira, known in the Maltese language as the Lira Maltija, is the currency of Malta. ... ISO 4217 Code SKK User(s) Slovakia Inflation 2. ... â€œGBPâ€ redirects here. ... ISO 4217 Code BGN User(s) Bulgaria Inflation 7. ... ISO 4217 Code CZK User(s) Czech Republic Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 code: GIP Symbol: Â£ 1/100th unit: penny Introduced in: 1927 Exchange Rates May 2006 USD exchange: 0. ... ISO 4217 Code HUF User(s) Hungary Inflation 8. ... ISO 4217 Code PLN User(s) Poland Inflation 2. ... For the Moldovan currency, see Moldovan leu. ... ISO 4217 Code SEK User(s) Sweden Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code DKK User(s) Denmark, Greenland, Faroe Islands 1 Inflation 1. ... â€œGBPâ€ redirects here. ... ISO 4217 Code SEK User(s) Sweden Inflation 2. ... Since the introduction of parliamentarism in Sweden six referenda have been held. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The Eurozone (also called Euro Area, Eurosystem or Euroland) refers to the European Union member states that have adopted the euro currency union. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... Northern Europe Northern Europe is the northern part of the European continent. ... ISO 4217 Code DKK User(s) Denmark, Greenland, Faroe Islands 1 Inflation 1. ... The Faroese krÃ³na is the currency of the Faroes. ... KrÃ³na (plural krÃ³nur) is the name of the currency used in Iceland. ... ISO 4217 Code NOK User(s) Norway Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code SEK User(s) Sweden Inflation 2. ... Population density in the wider Baltic region. ... The 5 lats coin, used before WWII, becamed a popular symbol of independence during the Soviet era The lats (in Latvian: lats, plural lati, the ISO 4217 currency code: LVL) is the official currency of Latvia. ... The litas (ISO currency code LTL, symbolized as Lt; plural litai or litÅ³) is the official currency of Lithuania. ... The borders of Western Europe were largely defined by the Cold War. ... â€œGBPâ€ redirects here. ... The Guernsey pound (currency code GGP) is the currency used in Guernsey. ... ISO 4217 Code none User(s) Jersey Inflation 5. ... The pound is the currency of the Isle of Man. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the VisegrÃ¡d Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... ISO 4217 Code CZK User(s) Czech Republic Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code HUF User(s) Hungary Inflation 8. ... ISO 4217 Code PLN User(s) Poland Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code SKK User(s) Slovakia Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code CHF User(s) Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Campione dItalia Inflation 1. ... 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Capital Sokhumi Official languages Abkhaz, Georgian Government - Chairman, Cabinet of Ministers - Chairman, Supreme Council Temur Mzhavia Autonomous republic of Georgia - Georgian independence Declared Recognised 9 April 1991 25 December 1991 Currency Georgian lari (GEL) Anthem Aiaaira Capital Sukhumi Official languages Abkhaz, Russian1 Government - President Sergei Bagapsh - Prime Minister Alexander Ankvab... Anthem unknown Capital Tskhinvali Official languages Ossetian1 Government - President Eduard Kokoity - Prime Minister Yury Morozov De facto independence from Georgia - Declared November 28, 1991 - Recognition none Currency Russian ruble (RUB) Russian in widespread use by government and other institutions. ... ISO 4217 Code None User(s) Transnistria Inflation 10. ... ISO 4217 Code UAH User(s) Ukraine Inflation 11. ... The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ... Lek is the currency used in Albania. ... ISO 4217 Code BAM User(s) Bosnia and Herzegovina Inflation 8. ... ISO 4217 Code BGN User(s) Bulgaria Inflation 7. ... â€œHRKâ€ redirects here. ... ISO 4217 Code MKD User(s) Republic of Macedonia Inflation rate 0% Source The World Factbook, 2005 est. ... 1 Moldovan leu note, obverse and reverse The leu (ISO 4217 code MDL) is the national currency of Moldova. ... For the Moldovan currency, see Moldovan leu. ... ISO 4217 Code RSD User(s) Serbia (including parts of Kosovo) Inflation 6. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... ISO 4217 Code CYP User(s) Cyprus (except in the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus), Akrotiri and Dhekelia Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 code: GIP Symbol: Â£ 1/100th unit: penny Introduced in: 1927 Exchange Rates May 2006 USD exchange: 0. ... The Maltese lira, known in the Maltese language as the Lira Maltija, is the currency of Malta. ... TRY banknotes and coins The Turkish new lira is the current currency of Turkey and of the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. ... The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus(TRNC) {NOTE: the name is not accepted by UN} , in Turkish Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, is a self-proclaimed state occupying the northern third of the island of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean. ... Transcaucasia is the name given to a region south of the Caucasus Mountains that covers Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. ... ISO 4217 Code AMD User(s) Armenia and the self proclaimed Nagorno Karabakh Republic Inflation -0. ... Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Dağlıq Qarabağ or Yuxarı Qarabağ, literally mountainous black garden or upper black garden; Russian: Нагорный Карабах, translit. ... ISO 4217 Code AZN User(s) Azerbaijan except Nagorno-Karabakh Inflation 11. ... Georgian 1 lari Georgian 2 lari Georgian 5 lari Georgian 10 lari Georgian 50 lari Georgian 100 lari The lari (Georgian: áƒšáƒáƒ áƒ˜ ; ISO 4217:GEL) is the national currency of Georgia. ...

Contents

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

First kroon, 1928-1940

Second kroon, 1992-

Coins

First kroon

Second kroon

Banknotes

First kroon

Second kroon

See also

References

External links

History