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The significance of Rome lies primarily in the fact that it is the city of the pope.
Provision was made for the material well-being of the city by repairs on the walls and the aqueducts, and by the establishment of agricultural colonies (domus cultœ) for the cultivation of the wide domains surrounding the city.
Gregoriopolis, the Leonine City, placed outside the walls for the defence of the Basilica of St. Peter, and sacked in 846, and Joannipolis, for the defence of St. Paul's were built by Gregory IV, Leo IV, and John VIII.
In a whir of short chapters, Wilson describes the Roman town (which is now the financial district, or "the City"), the building of a royal town upriver at Westminster, and the London of Shakespeare.
Reform-minded in religion but too fond of their privileges to be truly radical, the merchants of the City and the House of Commons won out over the absolutist tendencies of the Stuart kings in the 17th century.
As Wilson is the first to admit, London has been immeasurably enriched by such immigrants as the Protestant weavers of France in the 17th century or such Jewish refugees from National Socialism as the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, or the art historian Ernst Gombrich.
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