| The five-layer TCP/IP model | | 5. Application layer | | DHCP · DNS · FTP · Gopher · HTTP · IMAP4 · IRC · NNTP · XMPP · POP3 · RTP · SIP · SMTP · SNMP · SSH · TELNET · RPC · RTCP · RTSP · TLS (and SSL) · SDP · SOAP · GTP · STUN · NTP · (more) Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...
The TCP/IP model or Internet reference model, sometimes called the DoD model (DoD, Department of Defense) ARPANET reference model, is a layered abstract description for communications and computer network protocol design. ...
The application layer is the seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model. ...
DHCP redirects here. ...
The Domain Name System (DNS) associates various sorts of information with so-called domain names; most importantly, it serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human-readable computer hostnames, e. ...
This article is about the File Transfer Protocol standardised by the IETF. For other file transfer protocols, see File transfer protocol (disambiguation). ...
Gopher is a distributed document search and retrieval network protocol designed for the Internet. ...
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a communications protocol used to transfer or convey information on intranets and the World Wide Web. ...
The Internet Message Access Protocol (commonly known as IMAP or IMAP4, and previously called Internet Mail Access Protocol, Interactive Mail Access Protocol (RFC 1064), and Interim Mail Access Protocol[1]) is an application layer Internet protocol operating on port 143 that allows a local client to access e-mail on...
IRC redirects here. ...
The Network News Transfer Protocol or NNTP is an Internet application protocol used primarily for reading and posting Usenet articles, as well as transferring news among news servers. ...
Jabber redirects here. ...
In computing, local e-mail clients use the Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3), an application-layer Internet standard protocol, to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection. ...
The Real-time Transport Protocol (or RTP) defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over the Internet. ...
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. ...
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the de facto standard for e-mail transmissions across the Internet. ...
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) forms part of the internet protocol suite as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). ...
SSH redirects here. ...
For the packet switched network, see Telenet. ...
Remote procedure call (RPC) is a protocol that allows a computer program running on one computer to cause a subroutine on another computer to be executed without the programmer explicitly coding the details for this interaction. ...
RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) is a sister protocol of the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). ...
The Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), developed by the IETF and created in 1998 as RFC 2326, is a protocol for use in streaming media systems which allows a client to remotely control a streaming media server, issuing VCR-like commands such as play and pause, and allowing time-based...
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communications on the Internet for such things as web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, instant messaging and other data transfers. ...
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS), its successor, are cryptographic protocols which provide secure communications on the Internet. ...
Session Description Protocol (SDP), is a format for describing streaming media initialization parameters. ...
For other uses, see Soap (disambiguation). ...
GPRS Tunneling Protocol (or GTP) is an IP based protocol used within GSM and UMTS networks. ...
STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs) is a network protocol which helps many types of software and hardware receive UDP data properly through home broadband routers that use network address translation (NAT). ...
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol for synchronizing the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. ...
| | 4. Transport layer | | TCP · UDP · DCCP · SCTP · RSVP · (more) | | 3. Network/Internet layer | | IP (IPv4 · IPv6) · OSPF · IS-IS · BGP · IPsec · ARP · RARP · RIP · ICMP · ICMPv6 ·IGMP · (more) | | 2. Data link layer | | 802.11 (WLAN) · 802.16 · Wi-Fi · WiMAX · ATM · DTM · Token ring · Ethernet · FDDI · Frame Relay · GPRS · EVDO · HSPA · HDLC · PPP · PPTP · L2TP · ISDN · ARCnet · LLTD · (more) | | 1. Physical layer | | Ethernet physical layer · Modems · PLC · SONET/SDH · G.709 · Optical fiber · Coaxial cable · Twisted pair · (more) | | This box: view • talk • edit |
The Ethernet physical layer is the physical layer component of the Ethernet standard. In computing and telecommunications, the transport layer is the second highest layer in the four and five layer TCP/IP reference models, where it responds to service requests from the application layer and issues service requests to the Internet layer. ...
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ...
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ...
The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a message-oriented transport layer protocol that is currently under development in the IETF. Applications that might make use of DCCP include those with timingconstraints on the delivery of data such that reliable in-order delivery, when combined with congestion control, is likely...
In the field of computer networking, the IETF Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) working group defined the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as a transport layer protocol in 2000. ...
The Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP), described in RFC 2205, is a Transport layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for an integrated services Internet. ...
The network layer is third layer out of seven in OSI model and it is the third layer out of five in TCP/IP model. ...
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a data-oriented protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork. ...
Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth iteration of the Internet Protocol (IP) and it is the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. ...
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer protocol for packet-switched internetworks. ...
The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for routing in Internet Protocol, using a link-state in the individual areas that make up the hierarchy. ...
Is Is is Yeah Yeah Yeahs third EP, to be released on July 24, 2007. ...
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. ...
IPsec (IP security) is a suite of protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and/or encrypting each IP packet in a data stream. ...
In computer networking, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the standard method for finding a hosts hardware address when only its network layer address is known. ...
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is a network layer protocol used to obtain an IP address for a given hardware address (such as an Ethernet address). ...
This article is chiefly about the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for the Internet Protocol, but also discusses some other routing information protocols. ...
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ...
The ICMP for IPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol Version 6) is an integral part of the IPv6 architecture and must be completely supported by all IPv6 implementations. ...
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used to manage the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
IEEE 802. ...
The IEEE 802. ...
Official Wi-Fi logo Wi-Fi (pronounced wye-fye, IPA: ) is a wireless technology brand owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance intended to improve the interoperability of wireless local area network products based on the IEEE 802. ...
Official WiMax logo WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access. ...
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a cell relay, packet switching network and data link layer protocol which encodes data traffic into small (53 bytes; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information) fixed-sized cells. ...
Dynamic synchronous Transfer Mode , or DTM for short, is a network protocol. ...
Token-Ring local area network (LAN) technology was developed and promoted by IBM in the early 1980s and standardised as IEEE 802. ...
Ethernet is a large, diverse family of frame-based computer networking technologies that operate at many speeds for local area networks (LANs). ...
In computer networking, fiber-distributed data interface (FDDI) is a standard for data transmission in a local area network that can extend in range up to 200 km (124 miles). ...
In the context of computer networking, frame relay consists of an efficient data transmission technique used to send digital information quickly and cheaply in a relay of frames to one or many destinations from one or many end-points. ...
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones. ...
Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is one telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access. ...
High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a collection of mobile telephony protocols that extend and improve the performance of existing UMTS protocols. ...
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...
In computing, the Point-to-Point Protocol, or PPP, is commonly used to establish a direct connection between two nodes. ...
The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a method for implementing virtual private networks. ...
In computer networking, the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs). ...
ISDN redirects here. ...
ARCNET (also CamelCased as ARCnet, an acronym from Attached Resource Computer NETwork) is a local area network (LAN) protocol, similar in purpose to Ethernet or Token Ring. ...
Link Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD) is a licensed data link layer protocol for network topology discovery and quality of service diagnostics, developed by Microsoft as part of their Windows Rally set of technologies. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Modem (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Power band. ...
It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Synchronous optical networking, SONET and Synchronous digital hierarchy. ...
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...
Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length. ...
Coaxial Cable For the weapon, see coaxial weapon. ...
25 Pair Color Code Chart 10BASE-T UTP Cable Twisted pair cabling is a common form of wiring in which two conductors are wound around each other for the purposes of cancelling out electromagnetic interference known as crosstalk. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Ethernet is a large, diverse family of frame-based computer networking technologies that operate at many speeds for local area networks (LANs). ...
The Ethernet physical layer evolved over a considerable time span and encompasses quite a few physical media interfaces and several magnitudes of speed. The speed ranges from 3 Mbit/s to 10 Gbit/s in speed while the physical medium can range from bulky coaxial cable to twisted pair to optical fiber. In general, network protocol stack software will work identically on most of the following types. The magnitude of a mathematical object is its size: a property by which it can be larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind; in technical terms, an ordering of the class of objects to which it belongs. ...
Coaxial Cable For the weapon, see coaxial weapon. ...
25 Pair Color Code Chart 10BASE-T UTP Cable Twisted pair cabling is a common form of wiring in which two conductors are wound around each other for the purposes of cancelling out electromagnetic interference known as crosstalk. ...
Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length. ...
A protocol stack (sometimes communications stack) is a particular software implementation of a computer networking protocol suite. ...
Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ...
The following sections provide a brief summary of all the official Ethernet media types (section numbers from the IEEE 802.3-2002 standard are parenthesized). In addition to these official standards, many vendors have implemented proprietary media types for various reasons—often to support longer distances over fiber optic cabling. IEEE 802. ...
Fiber Optic strands An optical fiber in American English or fibre in British English is a transparent thin fiber for transmitting light. ...
Many Ethernet adapters and switch ports support multiple speeds, using autonegotiation to set the speed and duplex for the best values supported by both connected devices. If auto-negotiation fails, a multiple speed device will sense the speed used by its partner, but will assume half-duplex. A 10/100 Ethernet port supports 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX. A 10/100/1000 Ethernet port supports 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T. Autonegotiation (formerly NWay) is an Ethernet procedure for the automatic handshaking of two directly networked interfaces connected by identical parameters. ...
10BASE-T cable 10BASE-T plug 10BASE-T is an implementation of Ethernet which allows stations to be attached via twisted pair cable. ...
100BASE-TX is the predominant form of Fast Ethernet, providing 100 Mbit/s Ethernet. ...
10/100/1000 refers to an Ethernet adapters or switch ports that supports three different speeds of Ethernet on the same port. ...
1000BASE-T or IEEE 802. ...
Physical layers
Xerox experimental Ethernet | Name | Description | | Xerox Ethernet | The original, 3 Mbit/s Ethernet implementation, which had a frame format different from the production forms of Ethernet. |
Early implementations (10 Mbit/s and 1 Mbit/s) | Name | Standard | Description | | 10BASE5 | 802.3 (8) | 10 Mbit/s, Manchester coded signaling, copper RG-8X (expensive) coaxial cabling, bus topology with collision detection (aka Thick Ethernet) | | 10BASE2 | 802.3 (10) | 10 Mbit/s, Manchester coded signaling, copper RG-58 (cheap) coaxial cabling, bus topology with collision detection (aka Thin Ethernet) | | 10BROAD36 | 802.3 (11) | 10 Mbit/s, scrambled NRZ signaling modulated (PSK) over high frequency carrier, broad bandwidth coaxial cabling, bus topology with collision detection | | 1BASE5 | 802.3 (12) | 1 Mbit/s, Manchester coded signaling, copper twisted pair cabling, star topology | | StarLAN 10 | | 10 Mbit/s, Manchester coded signaling, copper twisted pair cabling, star topology - evolved into 10BASE-T | | 10BASE-T | 802.3 (14) | 10 Mbit/s, Manchester coded signaling, copper twisted pair cabling, star topology - direct evolution of 1BASE-5 | | FOIRL | | Fiber-optic inter-repeater link; the original standard for Ethernet over fiber | | 10BASE-F | 802.3 (15) | (also called 10BASE-FX) -- A generic term for the family of 10 Mbit/s Ethernet standards using fiber optic cable: 10BASE-FL, 10BASE-FB and 10BASE-FP. Of these only 10BASE-FL is in widespread use. 10 Mbit/s, Manchester coded signaling, fiber pair | | 10BASE-FL | 802.3 (15) | an updated version of the FOIRL standard | | 10BASE-FB | 802.3 (15) | intended for backbones connecting a number of hubs or switches; it is now obsolete | | 10BASE-FP | 802.3 (15) | a passive star network that required no repeater, it was never implemented | 10BASE5 vampire tap Medium Attachment Unit (Transceiver) 10BASE5 (also known as thicknet) is the original full spec variant of Ethernet cable, using RG-8 (Radio Grade - 8) coaxial cable. ...
In telecommunication, Manchester code (also known as Phase Encoding, or PE) is a form of data communications line code in which each bit of data is signified by at least one voltage level transition. ...
10BASE2 cable showing BNC Connector end. ...
In telecommunication, Manchester code (also known as Phase Encoding, or PE) is a form of data communications line code in which each bit of data is signified by at least one voltage level transition. ...
RG-58/U is a specific type of coaxial cable, often used for Thin Ethernet (10base2) and low-power signal connections. ...
10Broad36 is an obsolete standard for carrying 10 Mbit/s Ethernet signals over standard 75 ohm CATV cable over a 3600 meter range. ...
Contrast with: return-to-zero. ...
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or modulating, the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave). ...
(Redirected from 1BASE5) StarLAN was the first implementation of Ethernet computer networking on twisted pair wiring. ...
In telecommunication, Manchester code (also known as Phase Encoding, or PE) is a form of data communications line code in which each bit of data is signified by at least one voltage level transition. ...
In telecommunication, Manchester code (also known as Phase Encoding, or PE) is a form of data communications line code in which each bit of data is signified by at least one voltage level transition. ...
10BASE-T cable 10BASE-T plug 10BASE-T is an implementation of Ethernet which allows stations to be attached via twisted pair cable. ...
In telecommunication, Manchester code (also known as Phase Encoding, or PE) is a form of data communications line code in which each bit of data is signified by at least one voltage level transition. ...
In telecommunication, Manchester code (also known as Phase Encoding, or PE) is a form of data communications line code in which each bit of data is signified by at least one voltage level transition. ...
10BASE-FL is the most commonly used 10BASE-F specification of Ethernet over optical fiber. ...
Used as a backbone between hubs. ...
Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/s) -
| Name | Standard | Description | | 100BASE-T | | A term for any of the three standards for 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over twisted pair cable up to 100 meters long. Includes 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4 and 100BASE-T2. All of them use a star topology. | | 100BASE-TX | 802.3 (24) | 4B5B MLT-3 coded signaling, CAT5 copper cabling with two twisted pairs. | | 100BASE-T4 | 802.3 (23) | 8B6T PAM-3 coded signaling, CAT3 copper cabling (as used for 10BASE-T installations) with four twisted pairs (uses all four pairs in the cable). Now obsolete, as Cat-5 cabling is the norm. Limited to half-duplex. | | 100BASE-T2 | 802.3 (32) | No products exist. PAM-5 coded signaling, CAT3 copper cabling with two twisted pairs, star topology. Supports full-duplex. It is functionally equivalent to 100BASE-TX, but supports old telephone cable. However, special sophisticated digital signal processors are required to handle encoding schemes required, making this option fairly expensive. | | 100BASE-FX | 802.3 (24) | 4B5B NRZI coded signaling, two strands of multi-mode optical fiber. Maximum length is 400 meters for half-duplex connections (to ensure collisions are detected) or 2 kilometers for full-duplex. | | 100BASE-SX | TIA | 100 Mbit/s Ethernet over multi-mode fiber. Maximum length is 300 meters. Unlike 100BASE-FX using lasers as light sources, 100BASE-SX uses LEDs, so it is cheaper. | | 100BASE-BX10 | 802.3 | 100 Mbit/s Ethernet bidirectionally over a single strand of single-mode optical fiber. A multiplexer is used to split transmit and receive signals into different wavelengths allowing them to share the same fiber. Supports up to 10 km. | | 100BASE-LX10 | 802.3 | 100 Mbit/s Ethernet up to 10 km over a pair of single mode fibers. | | 100Base-VG | 802.12 | Standardized by a different IEEE 802 subgroup, 802.12, because it used a different, more centralized form of media access ("Demand Priority"). Championed by only HP, 100VG-AnyLAN (as was the marketing name) was the earliest in the market. It needed four pairs of Cat-3 cables. Now obsolete (802.12 has been "inactive" since 1997). | In computer networking, Fast Ethernet is a collective term for a number of Ethernet standards that carry traffic at the nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s, against the original Ethernet speed of 10 Mbit/s. ...
In telecommunication, 4B5B is a form of data communications line code. ...
MLT-3 (Multilevel Transmission Encoding - 3 levels) Encoding that is used in 100-Base-TX Ethernet. ...
Cat5 patch cable Category 5 cable, commonly known as Cat 5, is a twisted pair cable type designed for high signal integrity. ...
Pulse-amplitude modulation, acronym PAM, is a form of signal modulation where the message information is encoded in the amplitude of a series of signal pulses. ...
Category 3 cable, commonly known as Cat 3, is an unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable designed to reliably carry data up to 10 Mbit/s, with a possible bandwidth of 16 MHz. ...
Categories: Stub ...
Multi-mode optical fiber (multimode fiber or MM fiber) is a type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over shorter distances, e. ...
External links LEd Category: TeX ...
In fiber optics, a single-mode optical fiber is an optical fiber in which only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the wavelength of interest. ...
100BaseVG is a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet standard specified to run over four pairs of category 3 UTP wires (known as voice grade, hence the VG). It is also called 100VG-AnyLAN because it was defined to carry both Ethernet and token ring frame types. ...
HP may refer to: Handley Page Aircraft Company Harry Potter, a series of fantasy novels by British writer J. K. Rowling Hello! Project (H!P), a Japanese pop recording project Hewlett-Packard, a computer and computer peripheral company High Point, North Carolina High potency, a term used in biology, pharmacology...
Gigabit Ethernet -
All of these use a star topology. Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is a term describing various technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second, as defined by the IEEE 802. ...
| Name | Standard | Description | | 1000BASE-T | 802.3 (40) | PAM-5 coded signaling, CAT5/CAT5e/CAT6 copper cabling with four twisted pairs (used in both directions) | | 1000BASE-TX | TIA 854 | over only Cat-6 copper cabling. Unimplemented. | | 1000BASE-SX | 802.3 | 8B10B NRZ coded signaling, multi-mode fiber (up to 550 m). | | 1000BASE-LX | 802.3 | 8B10B NRZ coded signaling, multi-mode fiber (up to 550 m) or single-mode fiber (up to 2 km; can be optimized for longer distances, up to 10 km). | | 1000BASE-LH | multi-vendor | over single-mode fiber (up to 100 km). A long-haul solution. | | 1000BASE-CX | 802.3 | 8B10B NRZ coded signaling, balanced shielded twisted pair (up to 25 m) over special copper cable. Predates 1000BASE-T and rarely used. | | 1000BASE-BX10 | 802.3 | up to 10km. Bidirectional over single strand of single-mode fibre. | | 1000BASE-LX10 | 802.3 | Up to 10 km over a pair of single-mode fibres. | | 1000BASE-PX10-D | 802.3 | downstream (from head-end to tail-ends) over single-mode fiber using point-to-multipoint topology (supports at least 10 km). | | 1000BASE-PX10-U | 802.3 | upstream (from a tail-end to the head-end) over single-mode fiber using point-to-multipoint topology (supports at least 10 km). | | 1000BASE-PX20-D | 802.3 | downstream (from head-end to tail-ends) over single-mode fiber using point-to-multipoint topology (supports at least 20 km). | | 1000BASE-PX20-U | 802.3 | upstream (from a tail-end to the head-end) over single-mode fiber using point-to-multipoint topology (supports at least 20 km). | | 1000BASE-ZX | Unknown | Up to 100 km over single-mode fibre.[1] | Category 6 cable, commonly referred to as Cat 6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network protocols that is backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards. ...
Category 6 cable, commonly referred to as Cat 6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network protocols that is backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards. ...
In telecommunication 8B10B is a line code that maps 8-bit symbols to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC balance and bounded disparity, and yet provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery. ...
Contrast with: return-to-zero. ...
See Single-mode optical fiber ...
In telecommunication, a single-mode optical fiber is an optical fiber in which only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the wavelength of interest. ...
A diagram of an STP cable Shielded Twisted Pair, sometimes abbreviated STP, is a kind of copper wiring where a pair of wires are twisted around each other and covered in an insulating tube. ...
10 gigabit Ethernet -
| Name | Standard | Description
| | 10 GBASE-SR | 802.3ae | designed to support short distances over deployed multi-mode fiber cabling, it has a range of between 26 m and 82 m depending on cable type. It also supports 300 m operation over a new 2000 MHz.km multi-mode fiber. | | 10 GBASE-LX4 | 802.3ae | uses wavelength division multiplexing to support ranges of between 240 m and 300 m over deployed multi-mode cabling. Also supports 10 km over single-mode fiber. | | 10 GBASE-LR | 802.3ae | supports 10 km over single-mode fiber | | 10 GBASE-ER | 802.3ae | supports 40 km over single-mode fiber | | 10 GBASE-SW | 802.3ae | A variation of 10 GBASE-SR using the WAN PHY, designed to interoperate with OC-192 / STM-64 SONET/SDH equipment | | 10 GBASE-LW | 802.3ae | A variation of 10 GBASE-LR using the WAN PHY, designed to interoperate with OC-192 / STM-64 SONET/SDH equipment | | 10 GBASE-EW | 802.3ae | A variation of 10 GBASE-ER using the WAN PHY, designed to interoperate with OC-192 / STM-64 SONET/SDH equipment | | 10 GBASE-CX4 | 802.3ak | designed to support short distances over copper cabling, it uses InfiniBand 4x connectors and CX4 cabling and allows a cable length of up to 15 m. | | 10 GBASE-T | 802.3an | Uses unshielded twisted-pair wiring. | | 10 GBASE-LRM | draft 802.3aq | Extend to 220 m over deployed 500 MHz.km multimode fiber | - 10 gigabit Ethernet is still fairly new and it remains to be seen which of the standards will gain commercial acceptance in consumer markets. 10 GBASE-LR/ER are the most common usage in the Carrier/ISP market.
- Note that both IEEE 802.2ae and IEEE 802.3ak have been incorporated into IEEE 802.3-2005.
10 Gigabit Ethernet or 10GbE or 10 GigE is the most recent (as of 2006) and fastest of the Ethernet standards. ...
In telecommunications wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes several optical carrier signals on a single optical fibre by using different wavelengths (colours) of laser light to carry different signals. ...
Synchronous Optical Networking, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information over optical fiber. ...
SDH may refer to: [[Social Democrats of Croatia]] Subdural hematoma Society for Digital Humanities Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing, see Subtitle (captioning) The Shubnikov-de Haas effect, also see Fermi surface Saradhna, a railway station in India Category: ...
Synchronous Optical Networking, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information over optical fiber. ...
SDH may refer to: [[Social Democrats of Croatia]] Subdural hematoma Society for Digital Humanities Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing, see Subtitle (captioning) The Shubnikov-de Haas effect, also see Fermi surface Saradhna, a railway station in India Category: ...
Synchronous Optical Networking, commonly known as SONET, is a standard for communicating digital information over optical fiber. ...
SDH may refer to: [[Social Democrats of Croatia]] Subdural hematoma Society for Digital Humanities Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing, see Subtitle (captioning) The Shubnikov-de Haas effect, also see Fermi surface Saradhna, a railway station in India Category: ...
The panel of an InfiniBand switch InfiniBand is a switched fabric communications link primarily used in high-performance computing. ...
100 gigabit Ethernet -
100 gigabit Ethernet or 100GbE is an Ethernet standard presently under early development by the IEEE. The fastest existing standard is 10 gigabit Ethernet. ...
100 gigabit Ethernet or 100GbE is an Ethernet standard presently under early development by the IEEE. The fastest existing standard is 10 gigabit Ethernet. ...
Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length. ...
Ethernet over twisted-pair cable -
Several varieties of Ethernet were specifically designed to run over 4-pair copper structured cabling already installed in many locations. ANSI recommends using Category 6 cable for new installations[citation needed]. Twisted-pair cable used with 10BASE-T 8P8C plug used with 10BASE-T There are several standards for Ethernet over twisted pair or copper-based computer networking physical connectivity methods. ...
Data Center Structured Cabling is defined as building or campus telecommunications cabling infrastructure that consists of a number of standardized smaller elements (hence structured) called subsystems. ...
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private, non-profit standards organization that produces industrial standards in the United States. ...
Category 6 cable, commonly referred to as Cat 6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network protocols that is backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards. ...
RJ-45 Wiring (TIA/EIA-568-B T568A) | Pin | Pair | Color | telephone | 10BASE-T | 100BASE-TX | 1000BASE-T | PoE mode A | PoE mode B | | 1 | 3 |
 white/green | - | TX+ | z | bidi | 48V out | - | | 2 | 3 |
 green | - | TX- | z | bidi | 48V out | - | | 3 | 2 |
 white/orange | - | RX+ | z | bidi | 48V return | - | | 4 | 1 |
 blue | ring | - | - | bidi | - | 48V out | | 5 | 1 |
 white/blue | tip | - | - | bidi | - | 48V out | | 6 | 2 |
 orange | - | RX- | z | bidi | 48V return | - | | 7 | 4 |
 white/brown | - | - | - | bidi | - | 48V return | | 8 | 4 |
 brown | - | - | - | bidi | - | 48V return | Combining 10Base-T (or 100BASE-TX) with "IEEE 802.3af mode A" allows a hub to transmit both power and data over only two pairs. This was designed to leave the other two pairs free for analog telephone signals[citation needed][1]. TIA/EIA-568-B is a set of three telecommunications standards from the Telecommunications Industry Association, a 1988 offshoot of the EIA. The standards address commercial building cabling for telecom products and services. ...
Image File history File links Wire_white_green_stripe. ...
Image File history File links Wire_green. ...
Image File history File links Wire_white_orange_stripe. ...
Image File history File links Wire_blue. ...
Image File history File links Wire_white_blue_stripe. ...
Image File history File links Wire_orange. ...
Image File history File links Wire_white_brown_stripe. ...
Image File history File links Wire_brown. ...
The IEEE standard 802. ...
The pins used in "IEEE 802.3af Mode B" supplies power over the "spare" pairs not used by 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX.
In a departure from both 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T uses all four cable pairs for simultaneous transmission in both directions through the use of echo cancellation. (Dial-up modems also use echo cancellation to simultaneously transmit data in both directions over a single cable pair). The term echo cancellation is used in telephony to describe the process of removing echo from a voice communication in order to improve voice quality on a telephone call. ...
The term echo cancellation is used in telephony to describe the process of removing echo from a voice communication in order to improve voice quality on a telephone call. ...
Ethernet Minimum Cable Lengths All copper Ethernet segments that run the Collision Detect (CD) portion of CSMA/CD have a minimum cable length to function properly because of reflections[2]. This applies only to 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX standards; The 1000BASE-TX standard is covered at the end of this section. In telecommunication, the term collision has the following meanings: In a data transmission system, the situation that occurs when two or more demands are made simultaneously on equipment that can handle only one at any given instant. ...
In computer networking, Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a network control protocol in which (a) a carrier sensing scheme is used and (b) a transmitting data station that detects another signal while transmitting a frame, stops transmitting that frame, transmits a jam signal, and then...
When a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a copper cable or an optical fibre, there is the possibility that some of the signal power is reflected back to its origin, rather than being carried all the way along the cable to the far end. ...
Fiber connections have minimum cable lengths due to level requirements on received signals[3].
Fiber ports designed for long-haul wavelengths require a signal attenuator if used within a building[4]. “Attenuator†redirects here. ...
Industrial Ethernet applications uses a star topology with no collisions, therefore no minimum cable length is required[5]. A computer network with a star network topology, in its simplest form, consists of one central, or hub computer which acts as a router to transmit messages Comparing star networks to other types of network Advantages Easy to implement and extend, even in large networks Well suited for temporary networks...
1000BASE-TX supports half-duplex mode, making collisions possible. Consequently, the 1000BASE-TX standard requires a minimum cable length for collision detection to function properly; to avoid this in Gigabit Ethernet, small frames are padded into the transmission in half-duplex mode[6].
See also Ethernet is a large, diverse family of frame-based computer networking technologies that operate at many speeds for local area networks (LANs). ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
IEEE 802. ...
References - ^ Cisco Gigabit Ethernet Solutions for Cisco 7x00 Series Routers, undated, URL retrieved on 17 February 2008
- ^ Computer Technology Documentation Project, undated, URL retrieved on 1 June 2007
- ^ Cisco 100BASE-FX SFP Fast Ethernet Interface Converter on Gigabit SFP Ports, undated, URL retrieved on 1 June 2007
- ^ Extreme Network Consolidated Hardware Guide, undated, URL retrieved on 1 June 2007
- ^ Contemporary Controls Ethernet Media Converter Manual, undated, URL retrieved on 1 June 2007
- ^ Intel Network Connectivity Solutions Guide, undated, URL retrieved on 1 June 2007
is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
External links |
Feeds |
Contact