NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ethinamate

Ethinamate (Valamin®, Valmid®) is a short-acting sedative-hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia. Regular use leads to tolerance, and it is usually not effective for more than 7 days. Prolonged use can lead to dependency. The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ... In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with hypnotic. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the sleeping disorder. ... It has been suggested that toleration be merged into this article or section. ... A chemical dependency is such a strong dependency on a substance that it becomes necessary to have this substance just to function properly; The need of a substance developed from abusing the substance, requiring the substance for survival, like the need for food, or water See also: addiction drug tolerance...

Ethinamate has been replaced by other medicines (particularly benzodiazepines, and it is not available in the United States or Canada. Alprazolam 2mg tablets The benzodiazepines (pronounced , or benzos for short) are a class of psychoactive drugs considered as minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are brought on by slowing down the central nervous system. ...

Categories: Pharmacology stubs | Hypnotics | Sedatives In pharmacology, a psycholeptic is a medication which produces a calming effect upon the patient. ... Hypnotic drugs are a class of drugs that induce sleep, used in the treatment of severe insomnia. ... A sedative is a substance that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, and slowed breathing, as well as slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Barbiturates are drugs that acts as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia. ... Pentobarbital is a short acting barbiturate that is available as both a free acid and a sodium salt, the former of which is only slightly soluble in water and ethanol. ... Amobarbital (formerly known as amylobarbitone) is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative. ... Butobarbital (also known as Soneryl) is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. ... Barbital (marketed under the brand name Veronal), also called barbitone, was the first commercially marketed barbiturate. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Secobarbital (marketed by Eli Lilly and Company under the brand names SeconalÂ® and Tuinal) is a barbiturate derivative drug. ... Talbutal (LotusateÂ®), also called 5-allyl-5-sec-butylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate with a short to intermediate duration of action. ... Vinylbital, also known as butylvinyl, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. ... Vinbarbital is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. ... Cyclobarbital, also known as cyclobarbitol or cyclobarbitone, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. ... Heptabarbital is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. ... Reposal is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1960s in Denmark. ... Methohexital is a short-acting intravenous anaesthetic induction agent, that is, used to commence anaesthesia. ... Hexobarbital is a barbiturate derivative having hypnotic and sedative effects. ... Sodium thiopental, better known as Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories), thiopental, thiopentone sodium, or trapanal, is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anaesthetic. ... Ethallobarbital is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. ... Allobarbital is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1950s. ... Proxibarbital (Ipronal) is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1970s. ... Phenobarbital (INN) or phenobarbitone (former BAN) is a barbiturate, first marketed as Luminal by Farbwerke Fr. ... An aldehyde. ... Chloral hydrate, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol, and under the tradenames Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos, Noctec, and Somnote, is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. ... Chloralodol is a hypnotic/sedative. ... Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate is a hypnotic/sedative. ... Dichloralphenazone is a 1:2 mixture of antipyrine with chloral hydrate. ... Paraldehyde is the cyclic form of three acetaldehyde molecules (a trimer). ... Alprazolam 2mg tablets The benzodiazepines (pronounced , or benzos for short) are a class of psychoactive drugs considered as minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties, which are brought on by slowing down the central nervous system. ... Flurazepam (marketed under the brand names Dalmane and Dalmadorm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... Nitrazepam (marketed under the trade names MogadonÂ®, NitredonÂ®, NilandronÂ®) is a powerful hypnotic drug, which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... Temazepam (marketed under brand names RestorilÂ®, NormisonÂ®, TenoxÂ® and TemazeÂ®), which is a benzodiazepine derivative, is a powerful hypnotic drug. ... Flunitrazepam (IPA: ; is marketed by Roche under the trade name Rohypnol. ... Nimetazepam (marketed under brand name EriminÂ®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... Estazolam (ProSomÂ®) is a benzodiazepine commonly prescribed for short-term treatment of insomnia. ... Triazolam (Halcion®, Novodorm®, Songar®) belongs to benzodiazepine group of drugs. ... Lormetazepam (NoctamidÂ®, ErgocalmÂ®, LorametÂ®, also known as methyllorazepam, is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... Midazolam (marketed under brand names VersedÂ®, HypnovelÂ®, DormicumÂ® and DormonidÂ®, pronounced ) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... Brotizolam (marketed under brand name Lendormin) is a drug which is thienobenzodiazepine (a benzodiazepine derivative). ... Quazepam (brand names DoralÂ®, DormalinÂ®) is a long-acting benzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. ... Loprazolam is a medicine of the Benzodiazepine family. ... Doxefazepam (marketed under brand name Doxans) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... Cinolazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ... The chemical structure of 2,6-piperidinedione, the most common isomer Piperidinediones are a derivatives of piperidine with two ketone functional groups. ... Glutethimide is a hypnotic sedative that was introduced in 1954 as a safe alternative to barbiturates to treat insomnia. ... Methyprylon is a sedative of the piperidinedione derivative family. ... Pyrithyldione is a hypnotic/sedative. ... Afloqualone (Arofuto) is an analogue of methaqualone developed in the 1980s in Japan. ... Cloroqualone is an analogue of methaqualone developed in the 1980s and marketed mainly in France and some other European countries. ... Diproqualone is an analogue of methaqualone developed in the 1980s and marketed mainly in France and some other european countries. ... Etaqualone (Aolan, Athinazone) is an analogue of methaqualone which was developed in the 1960s and marketed mainly in France and some other European countries. ... Mebroqualone is an analogue of mecloqualone which presumably has similar sedative and hypnotic properties to its parent compound. ... Mecloqualone (Nubarene) is an analogue of methaqualone which was first made in 1960 [1] and marketed mainly in France and some other european countries. ... Methaqualone tablets and capsules. ... Methylmethaqualone is an analogue of methaqualone which presumably has similar sedative and hypnotic properties to its parent compound. ... The nonbenzodiazepines are comparatively new drugs whose actions are very similar to those of the benzodiazepines, but are structurally unrelated to the benzodiazepines and are believed to have fewer side effects. ... Eszopiclone, marketed by Sepracorand marco under the brand-name LunestaÂ®, is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent (viz. ... Indiplon (INN and USAN) is a nonbenzodiazepine, hypnotic sedative being developed in 2 formulations - an immediate release product for sleep onset and a modified-release version for sleep maintenance. ... Pazinaclone (DN-2327) is a sedative and anxiolytic drug in the cyclopyrrolone family of drugs. ... Saripidem is a sedative and anxiolytic drug in the imidazopyridine family, which is related to the better known drugs zolpidem and alpidem. ... Suproclone is a sedative and anxiolytic drug in the cyclopyrrolone family of drugs, developed by the French pharmaceutical company RhÃ´ne-Poulenc. ... Suriclone (Suril) is a sedative and anxiolytic drug in the cyclopyrrolone family of drugs. ... Zaleplon (SonataÂ®/StarnocÂ®) is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. ... Zolpidem is a prescription short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. ... Zopiclone (trade names: Imovaneâ„¢ and Zimovaneâ„¢) is a novel hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. ... A melatonin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds melatonin. ... Agomelatine (ValdoxanÂ®) is chemical compound that is structurally closely related to melatonin. ... Melatonin, 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, is a hormone found in all living creatures from algae[1] to humans, at levels that vary in a diurnal cycle. ... Ramelteon, marketed as Rozerem by Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, is the first in a new class of sleep agents that selectively binds to the MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), versus binding to GABA-A receptors, such as with drugs like Ambien CR, Lunesta, and Sonata. ... Apronal (or apronalide) is a hypnotic/sedative. ... A bromide is a phrase, or person who uses phrases, which have been used and repeated so many times as to become either insincere in their meaning, or seem like an attempt at trying to explain the obvious. ... Bromisoval (or bromisovalum) is a hypnotic/sedative. ... Carbromal is a hypnotic/sedative. ... Clomethiazole (also called Chlormethiazole) is a sedative and hypnotic that is widely used in treating and preventing symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. ... Dexmedetomidine is a sedative medication used by intensive care units and anesthesiologists. ... Ethchlorvynol is a sedative and hypnotic drug. ... Hexapropymate is a hypnotic/sedative. ... Methylpentynol is a hypnotic/sedative. ... Niaprazine (Nopron) is a piperazine derivative drug which acts as a sedating antihistamine. ... Propiomazine (brand names: Largon, Propavan, Indorm) is an atypical antipsychotic, which is used to treat negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, acute mania with bipolar disorder, agitation and psychotic symptoms in dementia. ... Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshades), such as henbane or jimson weed (Datura species). ... Triclofos is a sedative drug used rarely for treating insomnia, usually as a second-line treatment after other drugs have failed. ... Binomial name L. & Maillefer Valerian (Valeriana officinalis, Valerianaceae) is a hardy perennial flowering plant, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers. ... Valnoctamide has been used in France as a tranquilizer and muscle relaxant since 1964[3] and as an anticonvulsant since starting in 1969 in Portugal. ...