History of South Asia History of India
Stone Age	70,000–7000 BC
Mehrgarh Culture	7000–3300 BCE
Indus Valley Civilization	3300–1700 BCE
Late Harappan Culture	1700–1300 BCE
Vedic Civilization	1500–500 BCE
· Iron Age Kingdoms	· 1200–700 BCE
Maha Janapadas	700–300 BCE
Magadha Empire	684–26 BCE
· Maurya Dynasty	· 321–184 BCE
Middle Kingdoms	230 BCE–1279 CE
· Satavahana Empire	· 230 BCE–199 CE
· Kushan Empire	· 60–240 CE
· Gupta Empire	· 240–550
· Chola Empire	· 848–1279
Islamic Sultanates	1210–1596
· Delhi Sultanate	· 1206–1526
· Deccan Sultanates	· 1490–1596
Hoysala Empire	1040–1346
Vijayanagara Empire	1336–1565
Mughal Era	1526–1707
Maratha Empire	1674–1818
Colonial Era	1757–1947
Modern States	1947 onwards
National Histories Republic of India · Pakistan · Bangladesh Bhutan · Maldives · Nepal · Sri Lanka
Regional Histories Assam · Bengal · Punjab · Pakistani Regions Sindh · South India · Tamil Nadu · Tibet
Specialised Histories Dynasties · Economy · Indology · Language · Literature Maritime · Military · Science and Technology · Timeline
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India, as a country and nation, has three principal names, in both official and popular usage, each of which is historically and culturally significant. All three originally designated a single entity comprising all the modern nations of the Indian subcontinent. This article is about the History of South Asia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bhutan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Maldives. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Pakistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bangladesh. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sri_Lanka. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nepal. ... The history of India begins with the archaeological record of Homo sapiens ca. ... The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in South Asia. ... Mehrgarh was an ancient settlement in South Asia and is one of the most important sites in archaeology for the study of the earliest neolithic settlements in that region. ... Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro. ... The Cemetery H culture developed out of the northern part of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1900 BC, in and around the Punjab region. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article tries to compile and classify all the Kingdoms of Ancient India mentioned in the Sanskrit/Vedic literature. ... Mahajanapadas (महाजनपद) literally means Great kingdoms (from Sanskrit Maha = great, Janapada = foothold of tribe = country). ... Magadha was an ancient kingdom of India, mentioned in both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. ... The Maurya Empire, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty, was the largest and most powerful political and military empire of ancient India. ... Middle kingdoms of India refers to the political entities in India from the 6th century BCE through to the Islamic invasions and the related Decline of Buddhism from the 7th century CE. // Kingdoms and Empires The Aryans had invaded India from the Northwest, according to the Aryan Invasion Theory, and... The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates suggest that it lasted about 450 years. ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... The Gupta Empire in 400 CE (not including vassal states) The Gupta Empire was one of the largest political and military empires in ancient India. ... The Chola dynasty (Tamil: , IPA: Chola pronounced Sola) was a Tamil dynasty that ruled primarily in southern India until the 13th century CE. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River. ... During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in South Asia. ... The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنتِ ہند) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنتِ دلی) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ... The Deccan sultanates were five Muslim-ruled kingdoms–-Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar, Bidar, and Berar of south-central India. ... The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ... The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards. ... // The Mughal Empire Main article: Mughal Empire India in the 16th century presented a fragmented picture of rulers, both Muslim and Hindu, who lacked concern for their subjects and who failed to create a common body of laws or institutions. ... Extent of the Maratha Confederacy ca. ... In 1498, the Portuguese set foot in Goa. ... Britains holdings on the Indian subcontinent were granted independence in 1947 and 1948, becoming four new independent states: India, Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Pakistan (including East Pakistan, modern-day Bangladesh). ... The history of Assam is the history of a confluence of peoples from the east, west and the north; the confluence of the Indo-Aryan, Austro-Asiatic and the Tibeto-Burman cultures. ... Buddha and Bodhisattvas, 11th century, Pala Empire Further information: History of Bangladesh The history of Bengal (including Bangladesh and West Bengal) dates back four millenia. ... // Introduction The first known use of the word Punjab is in the book Tarikh-e-Sher Shah (1580), which mentions the construction of a fort by Sher Khan of Punjab. The name is mentioned again in Ain-e-Akbari (part 1), written by Abul Fazal, who also mentions that the... The historical regions of Pakistan are former states, provinces and territories which mainly existed between 1947 and 1975 when the current provinces and territories were finally established. ... Sindh (Sind) (Sindhi: سنڌ ;Urdu: سندھ) is one of the provinces of Pakistan. ... The history of South India covers a span of over two thousand years during which the region saw the rise and fall of a number of dynasties and empires. ... The History of Tamil Nadu dates back to the early prehistory. ... Tibet is situated between the two ancient civilizations of China and India, but the tangled mountain ranges the Tibetan Plateau and the towering Himalayas serve to distance it from both. ... The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents. ... Indology is a name given by indologists to the academic study of the history, languages, and cultures of South Asia. ... Indian literature is generally acknowledged, but not wholly established, as the oldest in the world. ... India has had a maritime history dating back around 5,000 years. ... Science and technology in ancient India covered all the major branches of human knowledge and activities, including mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, medical science and surgery, fine arts, mechanical and production technology, civil engineering and architecture, shipbuilding and navigation, sports and games. ... This is a timeline of Indian history. ... Satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ...

India

The first Article of the Constitution of India, which deals with the official name, states that "India, that is Bharat, shall be a union of states." Thus, not only in usage but officially India and Bharat are both accorded primary status. The name India is derived from the river Indus. The Constitution of India was passed by the Constituent Assembly of India on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. ... The position of the Sindhu River in Iron Age Vedic India. ...

The original name of the river came from the fact that in the north-west of the subcontinent, there are seven main tributaries of the one river. The local inhabitants therefore called it Sapta-Sindhu, meaning the seven rivers. As the seven tributaries are part of the one river, the entire river system came to be known in time as Sindhu. In general, Sindhu also means any river or water body in Sanskrit. The Indus (सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu in ancient times) is the principal river of Pakistan. ... The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ...

Persian explorers visited the area even in ancient times, and the Iranian 'h' is cognate with Sanskrit 's'. Thus Sindhu became Hindu. Similarly, Sanskrit Asura (a spirit, later an evil spirit) is cognate with Ahura, the Supreme God of the early Iranian people. // In Hinduism In Hindu mythology, the Asura (Sanskrit: असुर) are a group of power-seeking deities, sometimes misleadingly referred to as demons. ... Ahura is the Avestan language designation for a class of divinity, adopted by Zarathustra (Zoroaster) from prehistoric proto-Indo-Iranian religion. ... Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathushtra, Zartosht). ...

The name of the river entered Greek from Persian, with the loss of the initial 'h', to become Ίνδός Indos, from which the Greeks derived their name for the region, Ίνδια India. The Latin form of Indos is Indus, the name by which the river system is still known in the West. Its name was given to the entire subcontinent by the Romans, who adapted it to the current India. Persian, (local name: FārsÄ« or PārsÄ«), is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ...

The word India is the form used by Europeans over the ages.

Sindhu is also the Sanskrit term for Ocean and for any large water body. It would specifically mean the modern river Indus, if ancient Indic originated there. It could just mean "water dwellers" as well.

Interestingly, the Vedas did not assign any particular name for India, although some scholars assert that references to Indu in the Rig Veda relate to India's present name. Many traditional literary/cultural works from around the globe lack definite terminology for their home culture as a political unit; China, Greece, and many other civilizations lacked fixed names for themselves in traditional literature of their early periods. The Vedas (Sanskrit: वेद)is made up by Mrs. ... The Vedas are part of the Hindu Shruti; these religious scriptures form part of the core of the Brahminical and Vedic traditions within Hinduism and are the inspirational, metaphysical and mythological foundation for later Vedanta, Yoga, Tantra and even Bhakti forms of Hinduism. ...

In the Matsya Purana 126, the length of India (Bharatavarsa) is 9,000 puranic yojanas, which is a good estimation.^[1] It’s the sixteenth Purana. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Listed by, among others, Colonel James Todd in his Annals of Rajputana, he describes the ancient India under control of tribes claiming descent from the Moon, or "Indu", and their influence in Trans-Indian regions where they referred to the land as Industhan. This explanation might serve better to explain the term Hindu. Having said that, ancient Greeks do mention the Indic tribes or related tribes (could be of Iranian origin or joint Indo-Iranian origin) inhabiting what is now Ukraine as Sindoi or Sindkoi.

The name India was known in Anglo-Saxon, and was used in King Alfred's translation of Orosius. In Middle English, the name was, under French influence, replaced by Ynde or Inde, which entered early modern English as Indie. The use of the name India dates from the 17th century onwards, and may be due to the influence of Latin, or Spanish or Portuguese. ^[2] Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Paulus Orosius (c. ... Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...

Bhārata

Some people regard Emperor Bharata to be the first and only emperor to rule all of India. Shown here is the approximate extent of his reign, Bharatvarsha,

Bhārata, sometimes Bhāratavarsha (Bhārat or Bhāratvarsha in Hindi) is the name in Sanskrit and many languages of India for northern India. The Hindi form is also an official name of the Republic of India, and possibly the earliest name given to the nation. (Article 1 of the Constitution of India - 'India that is Bharat shall be a Union of States.'). In Sanskrit, it is pronounced as [bʱaːrət̪ə] while in Hindi as [bʱaːrət̪]. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1152x1032, 81 KB)This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1152x1032, 81 KB)This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hindi (हिन्दी or हिंदी in Devanagari; pronunciation: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and... The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ... Map of South Asia in native languages. ... The Constitution of India was passed by the Constituent Assembly of India on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. ... Hindi (हिन्दी or हिंदी in Devanagari; pronunciation: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and...

Mythological Origins

The Sanskrit word Bhārata (Sanskrit: भारत has several meanings. In Vedic Sanskrit, the primary meaning of the word Bhārata was the epithet of Agni (the Vedic demigod of fire). There could be two etymologies for this epithet: The Sanskrit language (Skt. ... Agni is a Hindu deity. ...

1. It may come from the Sanskrit root bhr- (Sanskrit: भृ), which means to bear / to carry. As Agni was believed to carry the offerings of the Vedic fire-sacrifices to the Heavens, he was given the title of Bhārata, as the bearer of sacrificial oblations.
2. It may come as a linguistic derivative of the term Bharata (Sanskrit: भरत, note the short vowel in the first syllable). The term Bharata again refers to Agni or to the fire-priests of the Vedic Age, and is again derived from the same root bhr, but here under the sense of to maintain.

The root bhr is cognate with the English verb "to bear" and Latin "fero". The Sanskrit language (Skt. ... The Sanskrit language (Skt. ...

However, the term Bhārat was also the proper name of several other people in the Early and Later-Vedic Ages.

The Bharatas are a tribe mentioned in the Rigveda, defeated in the Battle of the Ten Kings. The Bhāratas are an Aryan tribe mentioned in the Rigveda, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage Vishvamitra. ... The Battle of the Ten Kings () is a battle alluded to in Mandala 7 of the Rigveda (hymns 18, 33 and 83. ...

The name "Bhārata" (in the sense of India) is derived from either of two ancient Hindu kings named Bharata, though it is more commonly accepted that the name derives from that of the son of Dushyanta, whom the Mahabharata credits with bringing the whole of Bharatavarsha under his rule and securing the title of an emperor. He was said to have first conquered all of the known world, which was duly named after him in his honor. Hence his descendants were called as the Bhāratas. In all the classical and religious works of Hinduism, such as the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the Puranas, Bhārat is the name used for what is today known as the Indian subcontinent. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Bharata is the name of three different persons in Hindu mythology. ... Dushyanta (or Dushyant) is an ancient king in Hindu mythology. ... Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra The (Devanagari: ), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the . ... Bharatavarsha (Bharat or Bharatvarsha) is the name in Sanskrit, Hindi and the languages of India for the World, but properly the Indian subcontinent. ... Hinduism (Sanskrit: , , also known as , ) is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. ... Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra The (Devanagari: ), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the . ... The (DevanāgarÄ«: ) is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the poet Valmiki and is an important part of the Hindu canon (smá¹›ti). ... Purana (Sanskrit पुराण, purāṇa, meaning ancient or old) is the name of a genre (or a group of related genres) of Indian written literature (as distinct from oral literature). ...

The Vishnu Purana (2.3.1) defines Bharata as follows: "The country that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bharata [Bharata-varsha]; there dwell the descendants of Bharata [Bharati santatih]."

In History

Historical Bharata extends to what are today Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh and even by some accounts, portions of eastern Afghanistan. The Maurya Empire, under Emperors Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great, Mughal Empire and the Maratha are the other times the similar extent of land and peoples have been united under a single political entity, but the social, cultural and economic links are complex and originated nine thousand years ago. This expanse has variously been reduced and increased, and was at its largest under Emperors like Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka the Great, Samudragupta, Chandragupta Vikramaditya, Alauddin Khilji, Akbar the Great, Aurangazeb, Maratha and lastly under the British. The Maurya Empire, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty, was the largest and most powerful political and military empire of ancient India. ... Allegiance: Magadhan Empire Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Bindusara Maurya Reign: 322 BC-298 BC Place of birth: India Chandragupta Maurya (Sanskrit: चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य; Greek: Sandrakottos) (born c. ... Allegiance: Magadhan Empire Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Dasaratha Maurya Reign: 273 BC-232 BC Place of birth: Pataliputra, India Battles/Wars Kalinga War Emperor Ashoka the Great (Devanagari: अशोक(:); IAST transliteration: , pronunciation: ) (304 BC–232 BC) (Imperial Title:Devanampiya Piyadassi ie He who is the beloved of the Gods who, in... The Mughal Empire at its greatest extent. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: मराठा)is a collective term referring to an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a substantial empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries AD. The Marathas... Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire (c. ... The period of prominence of the Gupta dynasty is very often referred to as the Golden Age of India. ... Alauddin Khilji also Ala-Ud-Din Khilji; Ala-ud-Din Muhammad Khilji Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316 AD) (nephew of Jalaluddin Khilji) came to power after killing his uncle and the then Sultan of Khilji Dynasty Sultan Jalaluddin Khilji in 1296 AD. 1297 AD : Alauddin Khilji set off to conquer Gujarat. ... Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar (Persian: جلال الدین محمد اکبر), (alternate spellings: Jellaladin, Celalettin) also known as Akbar the Great (Akbar-e-Azam) (October 15, 1542 – October 27, 1605) was the son of Nasiruddin Humayun whom he succeeded as ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1605. ... Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (November 3, 1618 - March 3, 1707), also known as Alamgir I, was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until 1707. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: मराठा)is a collective term referring to an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a substantial empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries AD. The Marathas...

Hindustan

To the Western world, Bhārat has always been known under the name of Hind or its variants. In Vedic Sanskrit, the word Sindhu meant the river Indus in particular and any river or water body in general. The Ancient Indo-Aryans called their expanse Sapta Sindhu, meaning the land of seven rivers (including the Indus) —attested several times in the Rig Veda. The /s/ of the Indic branch (as represented by Sanskrit) is linguistically cognate with the /h/ sound of Iranian (as represented by Avestan and Old Persian). Hence the term Sapta Sindhu became Hapta Hindu in Avesta, the supreme scripture of the early Iranians (Vendidad: Fargard 1.18). In Persian, stān means a land (cognate to Sanskrit's sthāna: place, land) . Hence India, the land to the East of the Indus, soon came to be known as Hindustan by the Persians and the Arabs. Its shortened form was Hind, which became Hindia in Ancient Greek and India in later Greek and Latin. The Arab, Turk, and Mughal invasions started in India from 11th century onwards; the rulers in the Sultanate period and Mughal period called their Indian dominion Hindustan, which centred around Delhi — whether it swallowed almost the whole of the Indian subcontinent (as during the time of Alauddin Khilji and Aurangazeb) or had shrunk to only Delhi and the adjoining areas (as during the rule of Bahadur Shar Zafar II). Some people interpret Hindustan to be the region of India between Indus and Brahmaputra and between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas. Others call the whole of the Indian subcontinent as Hindustan. In modern India, Hindustan is almost exclusively used by all Hindi-speakers and the Hindi media in informal contexts (South Indians prefer their local variants of Bhārata, such as Bhāratam) for the Republic of India. India is now called Al-Hind in the Arabic language and Hind in Persian. The position of the Sindhu River in Iron Age Vedic India. ... See Avesta Municipality for the Swedish town Yasna 28. ... The Arabic language ( ), or simply Arabic ( ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew, Amharic and Aramaic. ... Farsi may refer to: The name of the the Persian language among native speakers Farsi Island, an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf The Jafari Shia Tajiks of Central Asia Salman al-Farsi, one of the prophet Muhammads companions Al-Farisi (1260-1320), Persian mathematician and physicist Jalaleddin Farsi...

The word Hindu (हिन्दु), due to Iranian influence — in the sense of dwellers of the Indian subcontinent — is used in some early-medieval Sanskrit texts like Bhavishya Purāna, Kālikā Purāna, Merutantra, Rāmakosha, Hemantakavikosha and Adbhutarūpakosha.

Āryavarta

Āryavarta is yet another name which refers to India. It is no longer in common usage, but does occur with some frequency in ancient texts. Āryavarta refers to the Land of Āryas. Ārya in Sanskrit means "noble" and is related to the term Āryan. The vedic name for India, meaning Categories: Indo-European language stubs ...

Āryavarta once covered only the Yamuna-Ganga doab, so it is also debatable if this name could apply to all of ancient India. Āryavarta was also a collection of city-states, not a political entity by itself. The Triveni Sangam, or the intersection of Yamuna River and Ganges River. ... This article is about the river. ...

Other terms

Some other ancient terms for India or for parts of India include:

• Madhya-desha (middle country)
• Brahmarshi-desa (western part)
• Uttarapatha or Udichya (northwestern/northern part)
• Aparanta, Pratichya (western India)
• Purva-desa, Prachya (east)
• Dakshinapatha (Deccan)
• Tamilakam (far south)
• Parvaasrayin (Himalayas)
• East Indies

See also

• Iran naming dispute
• History of India
• Origin of the names of Indian states

Iran has been the subject of a naming dispute in common English usage. ... The history of India begins with the archaeological record of Homo sapiens ca. ... This article provides a collection of the etymology of the names of subnational entities. ...

References

1. ^ Subhash Kak. Birth and Early Development of Indian Astronomy. In Astronomy across cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy, Helaine Selin (ed), Kluwer, 2000
2. ^ India Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition: 1989.

External links

Look up India in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• The Unity of India Dileep Karanth's article about the terms "Hindu" and "India"
• Meaning of the word Hindu

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States and territories of India

States: Andhra Pradesh • Arunachal Pradesh • Assam • Bihar • Chhattisgarh • Goa • Gujarat • Haryana • Himachal Pradesh • Jammu and Kashmir • Jharkhand • Karnataka • Kerala • Madhya Pradesh • Maharashtra • Manipur • Meghalaya • Mizoram • Nagaland • Orissa • Punjab • Rajasthan • Sikkim • Tamil Nadu • Tripura • Uttaranchal • Uttar Pradesh • West Bengal

Union territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands • Chandigarh • Dadra and Nagar Haveli • National Capital Territory of Delhi • Daman and Diu • Lakshadweep • Puducherry Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... India is subdivided into twenty-eight states and seven union territories; the states and territories are themselves further subdivided. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Andhra Pradesh  : (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్, Urdu: آندھرا پردیش, IPA: ), is a state in South India. ... Arunachal Pradesh   (Hindi: Aruṇācal PradeÅ›, Chinese: 藏南 Zangnan) is a state of India. ... Assam   (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur - now a part of Guwahati. ... For other uses, see Bihar (disambiguation). ... Chhattisgarh (Chhattisgarhi/Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़, IPA: / /) , a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Chhattisgarhi speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000. ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... Gujarāt (GujarātÄ«: , IPA: ,  ) is the most industrialized state in the Republic of India with 19. ... Haryana (Hindi: , IPA: / /) is a state in north India. ... Himachal Pradesh   (Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश, IPA: ), formerly the Punjab Hill States, is a mostly mountainous state in northern India. ... Jammu and Kashmir   (IPA: , Kashmiri: جۄم تٕہ کٔشِیر ज्वम त॒ कॅशीर, Urdu:جموں Ùˆ کشمیر, Hindi:जम्मू और कश्मीर) (often abbreviated as Kashmir), is the northern-most state of Republic of India, lying mostly in the Himalayan mountains. ... | state_name=Jharkhand | | capital=Ranchi | latd = 23. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം, — ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Madhya Pradesh (मध्य प्रदेश) is a state in central India. ... Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र mahārāṣṭra, literally: Great Nation; IPA: )( ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Manipur (Hindi: मणिपुर) is a state in northeastern India making its capital in the city of Imphal. ... Meghalaya (मेघालय in DevanāgarÄ«) is a small state in north-eastern India. ... Mizoram (Hindi: मिज़ोरम)   is one of the Seven Sister States in North-Eastern India on the border with Burma. ... Nagaland (Hindi: नागालैंड)   is the farthest-lying state in northeast India. ... Orissa   (Devanagari: उड़ीसा) (2001 provisional pop. ... Punjab   (Punjabi: , Hindi: , IPA: ) (Also spelled Panjab) is a state in northwest India. ... Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... Sikkim (also Sikhim) (DevanāgarÄ«: सिक्किम  ) is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tripura Tripura/Tipra (Bengali: ত্রিপুরা, Hindi: त्रिपुरा) is a state in North East India. ... Uttaranchal   (Hindi: उत्तरांचल) became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P. It is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ... West Bengal   (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ, Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ... Map of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with an extra detailed area around Port Blair The Andaman & Nicobar Islands   (Tamil: அந்தமான் நிகோபார் தீவுகள், Hindi: अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप) is a union territory of India. ... Chandigarh   (Punjabi: , Hindi: , pronunciation: ) also called The City Beautiful, is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી, Hindi: दादरा और नगर हवेली, Urdu: دادرہ اور نگر حویلی, Portuguese: Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli) is a Union Territory in western India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Delhi. ... Daman and Diu (Portuguese: Gujarati is the main language; use of Portuguese is declining because it is not official or taught at school (but still spoken by 10% in Daman). ... Lakshadweep ( ; Malayalam: ലക്ഷദ്വീപ്, []) is the smallest union territory of India. ... Map of Puducherry Region, Union Territory of Puducherry, India Puducherry (Tamil: புதுச்சேரி / புதுவை)   (formerly Pondicherry) is a Union Territory of India. ...