Using the Latin alphabet as it existed in the day of Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC) (i.e., without lower case letters, "J", or "U"), Caesar's name is properly rendered "GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR" (the form "CAIVS" is also attested and is interchangeable with the more common "GAIVS"). It is often seen abbreviated to "C. IVLIVS CAESAR". (The letterform "Æ" is a ligature, which is often encountered in Latin inscriptions where it was used to save space, and is nothing more than the letters "ae".) In classical Latin, it is pronounced "GUY-us YOOL-ee-uhs KUY-sahr", where "guy" and "kuy" rhyme with the English "sky" — IPA ['ga:ju:s 'ju:lius 'kaisar]. In Greek, during Caesar's time, his name was written Καίσαρ which is also pronounced "KAI-sar" (the KAI pronounced like "guy" in English." This pronunciation equates with the pronuciation of both the great German (Kaiser) and Russian (Tzar) monarchs. Clearly, these German and Russian names were not derived from the Middle Ages Ecclesiastical Latin, such that the familiar part "Caesar" is ['tʃe:sar] from which our modern English pronunciation, a much-softened "SEE-sar" is derived from. Likewise the Romans pronounced the great Latin orator and senator, Cicero's name "KICK-er-oh" as opposed to the softened English pronunciation "SISS-er-oh". In Ecclesiastical Latin, the familiar part "Caesar" is pronounced "CHAY-zahr" – IPA ['tʃɛ:zar]. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... Gaius Julius Caesar (IPA: ;[1]), July 12, 100 BC – March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC - 100s BC - 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC Years: 105 BC 104 BC 103 BC 102 BC 101 BC - 100 BC - 99 BC 98 BC 97 BC 96 BC 95... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC... In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more letterforms are written or printed as a unit. ... Inscriptions are words or letters written, engraved, painted, or otherwise traced on a surface and can appear in contexts both small and monumental. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... Kaiser is the German title meaning Emperor, derived from the Roman title of Caesar, as is the Slavic title of Tsar. ... Tsar, (Bulgarian цар�, Russian царь; often spelled Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The term Ecclesiastical Latin (sometimes called Church Latin) refers to the Latin language as used in documents of the Roman Catholic Church and in its Latin liturgies. ... Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA: ;) (January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin orator and prose stylist. ...

Roman nomenclature is somewhat different from the modern English form. Gaius, Iulius, and Caesar are Caesar's praenomen, nomen, cognomen, respectively. In modern usage, his full name might would be something like "Gaius Iulius-Caesar", where Caesar denoted him as a member of the 'Caesarian' branch of the 'Iulian' family. His grand-nephew, Gaius Octavius duly took the name "Gaius Julius Caesar" upon his posthumous adoption in 44 BC, and the name became fused with the imperial dignity; in this sense it is preserved in the German and Russian words Kaiser and Tsar (sometimes referred to as Czar), both of which refer to an emperor. Compare the Slavic word for "king", kral from the name of Charles the Great. ... Caesar (p. ... In the Roman naming convention used in ancient Rome, male names typically contain three proper nouns which are classified as praenomen (or given name), nomen gentile (or Gens name) and cognomen. ... In the Roman naming convention used in ancient Rome, male names typically contain three proper nouns which are classified as praenomen (or given name), nomen gentile (or Gens name) and cognomen. ... The cognomen (name known by in English) was originally the third name of a Roman in the Roman naming convention. ... The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC–19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... Kaiser is the German title meaning Emperor, derived from the Roman title of Caesar, as is the Slavic title of Tsar. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is the official Slavonic title designating Emperor in the following states: Bulgaria in 913–1422 (for later usage in 1908–1946, see below) Serbia in... Statue of Charlemagne in Frankfurt, a Romantic interpretation of his appearance from the 19th century Charlemagne (c. ...

Meaning of "Caesar"

• According to Sextus Pompeius Festus, the cognomen "Caesar" derived from caesaries, 'hair', and indicated that the founder of this branch of the family was born with a full head of hair (Julius Caesar himself was, ironically, balding).
• Pliny the Elder (Historia Naturalis vii (in English)), on the other hand, says natus primusque Caesarum a caeso matris utero dictus, that the first Caesar was so called because he was cut from his mother's womb (see Caesarean section). It is not clear exactly which Caesar Pliny intended, but it is not Julius: his mother was still alive when he reached adulthood, and C-section was until modern times only sensible when the mother was dying. Moreover, the family name "Caesar" had already been in the family for generations before Julius Caesar's birth.
• A third etymology, proposed by Ludwig von Doederlein, derives the name from caesius, 'grey'. (See Caesar in Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.)
• For Spartianus (Life of Aelius Verus, chapter 2), it was the "Moorish" (maybe Punic) word for "elephant" and it was assigned to a Julius who had killed such a beast (William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, v. 1, page 536)
• Spartianus also advances that it came from the impressive blue (caesii) color of his eyes. This is disputable since earlier Julii were named Caesar and Suetonius says they were black.

In subsequent times, some authors think that "Caesar" entered Eurasian folklore as Geser of Rūm or Khrom, Geser Khan, or, much later, Geser of Ling (after a province of eastern Tibet). Geser became a war god especially popular with central Asian military societies, known to have spread from the Seljuk Turks and Sassanid Persians to Tibetan, Mongolian, Manchu and eventually Chinese mythologies by the time of the Qing dinasty. For the town, see Festus, Missouri. ... Actor Patrick Stewarts bald head is considered part of his distinctive attractiveness. ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19c portrait. ... Naturalis Historia Pliny the Elders Natural History is an encyclopedia written by Pliny the Elder. ... INTRODUCTION; The caesarean is possibly named after Roman military and political leader Julius Caesar who allegedly was so delivered. ... The Augustan History (Lat. ... For the terrain type see Moor Moors is used in this article to describe the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, whose culture is often called Moorish. For other meanings look at Moors (Meaning) or Blackamoors. ... Punic was a Roman contraction of Phoenician, and was used by the Romans after the Punic wars as an adjective meaning treacherous. In archaeological and linguistic usage, it refers to the later culture and dialect of Carthage and its empire, as distinct from their Phoenician originals. ... Genera and Species Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea. ... William Smith is the name of: William Smith (1697–1769), father of John Smith, Doctor Thomas Smith, Joshua Hett Smith, and Chief Justice William Smith William Smith (abolitionist) (1756–1835), dissenter and British M.P. whose constituencies included Camelford, Sudbury, and Norwich William Smith (actor) (born 1934) William Smith (boxer... Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology is a encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Epic of King Gesar is a Tibetan epic poem about King Gesar, who ruled the mythical Kingdom of Ling. ... Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: བོད་; Wylie: Bod; pronounced in the Lhasa dialect; Chinese: ; pinyin: XÄ«zàng or Simplified Chinese: 藏区; Traditional Chinese: 藏區; pinyin: ZàngqÅ« [the two names are used with different connotations; see Name section below]) is a region in Central Asia and the home of the Tibetan people. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia (Russian: Средняя Азия/Srednyaya Azia for Middle Asia or Центральная Азия/Tsentralnaya Azia for Central Asia; in Turkic languages Orta Asya; in Persian آسياى مرکزی; (Urdu: وسطى ايشيا)Wasti Asia; Standard Mandarin Chinese... The Seljuk coat of arms was a double headed eagle The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyān; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of... The Sassanid Empire in the time of Shapur I; the conquest of Cappadocia was temporary Official language Pahlavi (Middle Persian) Dominant Religion Zoroastrianism Capital Ctesiphon Sovereigns Shahanshah of the Iran (Eranshahr) First Ruler Ardashir I Last Ruler Yazdegerd III Establishment 224 AD Dissolution 651 AD Part of the History of... The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named Fârsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: བོད་; Wylie: Bod; pronounced in the Lhasa dialect; Chinese: ; pinyin: XÄ«zàng or Simplified Chinese: 藏区; Traditional Chinese: 藏區; pinyin: ZàngqÅ« [the two names are used with different connotations; see Name section below]) is a region in Central Asia and the home of the Tibetan people. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: 满族; Traditional Chinese: 滿族; Hanyu pinyin: ) are a Tungusic people who originated in Northeastern Asia, collectively known in English as Manchuria. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the...

See also

• Latin spelling and pronunciation