This article is about the mineral, for the rifle see Beryl assault rifle.

Beryl

The mineral beryl is a beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate with the chemical formula Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆. The hexagonal crystals of beryl may be very small or range to several meters in size. Terminated crystals are relatively rare. Beryl exhibits conchoidal fracture, has a hardness of 7.5-8, a specific gravity of 2.63-2.80. It has a vitreous lustre and can be transparent or translucent. Its cleavage is poor basal and its habit is dihexagonal bipyramidal. Pure beryl is colorless, but it is frequently tinted by impurities; possible colors are green, blue, yellow, red, and white. The name comes from the Greek beryllos for the precious blue-green color of sea water. Massive beryl is a primary ore of the metal beryllium.

Varieties of beryl have been considered gemstones since prehistoric times. Green beryl is called emerald, red beryl is bixbite or red emerald or scarlet emerald, blue beryl is aquamarine, pink beryl is morganite, and a clear bright yellow beryl is called golden beryl. Other shades such as yellow-green for heliodor and honey yellow are common.

Beryl is found most commonly in granitic pegmatites, but also occurs in mica schists in the Ural mountains and is often associated with tin orebodies. Beryl is found in Europe in Austria, Germany, and Ireland. Beryl occurs in Madagascar (especially morganite). The most famous source of emeralds in the world is at Muso and Chivor, Colombia, where they make a unique appearance in limestone. Emeralds are also found in the Transvaal, South Africa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and near Mursinski in Siberia. In the United States emeralds are found in North Carolina. New England's pegmatites have produced some of the largest beryls found, including one massive crystal with dimensions 5.5 m by 1.2 m (18 ft by 4 ft) with a mass of around 18 metric tons. Other beryl locations include South Dakota, Colorado, Utah, and California.

References and external links

• Sinkankas, John, 1994, Emerald & Other Beryls, Geoscience Press, ISBN 0801971144
• Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York ISBN 0471805807
• Minerals.net (http://www.minerals.net/mineral/silicate/cyclo/beryl/beryl.htm)
• Webmineral.com (http://webmineral.com/data/Beryl.shtml)
• Mineral Galleries (http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/silicate/beryl/beryl.htm)

See also

• List of minerals