Eugen Leviné (born May 10, 1883, St Petersburg, Russia – July 5, 1919, Bavaria) was a Communist, revolutionary and leader of the short lived Bavarian Soviet Republic. May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The geographic region and Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization, based upon common ownershipmovement]]. Early forms of human social organization have been described as primitive communism by Marxists. ... The Bavarian Soviet Republic (Bayrische Räterepublik) — also known as the Munich Soviet Republic (Münchner Räterepublik) — was a short-lived revolutionary government in the German state of Bavaria in 1919 that sought to replace the fledgling Weimar Republic in its early days. ...

Leviné was born in St. Petersburg, to jewish parents, and educated in Germany. In 1905, he returned to Russia to participate in the failed revolution against the Tsar. For his actions, he was exiled to Siberia. He would eventually escape to Germany and began studying at Heidelberg University and in 1915, married Rose Levine, daughter of a rabbi in the Polish town of Grodek. He would, for a short time, serve in the Imperial German Army during World War I. 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Russian Revolution of 1905 was an empire-wide struggle of both anti-government and undirected violence. ... Monomakhs Cap symbol of Russian autocracy, the crown of Russian grand princes and tsars Czar and tzar redirect here. ... Siberian Federal District (darker red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) arctic northeast Siberia Udachnaya pipe Siberia (Russian: , Sibir; Tatar: ) is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia and comprising a large part of the Euro-Asian Steppe. ... Army The German Army (German: Heer  ) is the land component of the Bundeswehr (Federal Defence Forces) of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz...

After the war ended, he joined the German Communist Party and aided in the creation of a socialist republic in Bavaria. However, this republic lasted a few months and was quickly replaced by a soviet republic after the assassination of Kurt Eisner, then-leader of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD). A soviet republic is a system of government in which the whole state power belongs to the Soviets - councils of employees. ... Monument to Kurt Eisner on the sidewalk where he fell when he was assassinated in Munich. ... For the Independent Social Democratic Party of Romania, see Romanian Social Democratic Party (defunct). ...

The ruling government of the new republic did not last very long, due to poor leadership, and collapsed six days after its formation. Eugen Leviné rose to power as the communists assumed control of the government.

Levine attempted to pass many reforms, such as giving the more luxurious apartments to the homeless and giving workers control and ownership of factories. He also planned reforms for the education system and to abolish paper money. He never completed the latter two, though. A £20 Bank of England banknote. ...

Under orders from Leviné, the Red Guards began rounding up people they considered to be hostile to the new regime, intending them as hostages to repel an imminent outside attack. As German president Friedrich Ebert ordered to subdue the Soviet Republic and reinstate the Bavarian government under Johannes Hoffmann, the Red Guards executed eight hostages on 29th April. This is not the Friedrich Ebert involved in the founding of the GDR, but rather his father. ... Johannes Hoffmann (* July 3, 1867 in Ilbesheim near Landau; † 1930) was a Bavarian Minister-President and member of the Mitglied der SPD. He was a Protestant and in 1908, he was elected member of the Landtag. ...

The German Army, assisted by Freikorps, with a force of roughly 39,000 men, they invaded and quickly conquered Munich on May 3 1919. In retaliation for the hostages' execution, the Freikorps captured and executed approximately 700 men and women. Leviné himself was arrested and after being found guilty of being involved in the execution of the eight hostages, was shot by a firing squad. The Reichswehr (help· info) (literally National Defense or Imperial Defense) formed the military organization of Germany from 1919 until 1935, when the government rebranded it as the Wehrmacht (Defence Force). ... The designation of Freikorps (German for Free Corps, i. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ...

Sources

• Spartacus Schoolnet article