Eugene Victor Debs
Born	November 5, 1855 Terre Haute, Indiana
Died	October 20, 1926 Elmhurst, Illinois

Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 456 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (979 × 1286 pixel, file size: 190 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Eugene V. Debs... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Incorporated Village in 1982. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. ... The Socialist Party of America (SPA) is a socialist political party in the United States. ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. ...

Rise to prominence

Eugene Debs was born to parents from Colmar, Alsace, France; he lived most of his life in Terre Haute, Indiana. His father Jean Daniel Debs (1820-1906) came from a prosperous family; his father was a textile mill and meat market owner. Jean's Protestant father refused him permission to marry a Roman Catholic working woman in his factory; this led him to think about emigrating, which he did after his father's sudden death in 1848. He arrived in New York City in 1849, begging his lover, Marguerite Marie Betterich (d. 1906), to join him. She came that September and they married two days after her arrival. After spending five years in relative poverty moving around the country several times, they settled in Terre Haute permanently in 1854, setting up a grocery store in the front room of their house that did rather well. They had ten children, six of whom survived to adulthood: Eugene (named after his father's favorite authors, Eugène Sue and Victor Hugo), Theodore, Emma, Eugenie, Marguerite, and Marie.^[1] Petite Venise Colmar is a town and commune in the Haut-Rhin département of Alsace, France. ... (New région flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Strasbourg Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Departments Bas-Rhin Haut-Rhin Arrondissements 13 Cantons 75 Communes 903 Statistics Land area1 8,280 km² Population (Ranked 14th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... New York, NY redirects here. ... Joseph Marie Eugène Sue (January 20, 1804–August 3, 1857), French novelist, was born in Paris. ... Victor-Marie Hugo (pronounced in French) (26 February 1802 — 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, playwright, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights campaigner, and perhaps the most influential exponent of the Romantic movement in France. ...

Eugene Debs married Kate Metzel on June 9, 1885; they had no children.

At the age of fourteen, Debs left home to work on the railroads, becoming a fireman. He returned home in 1874 to work as a grocery clerk and the next year was a founding member of a new lodge of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. He rose quickly in the Brotherhood, becoming first an assistant editor for their magazine and then the editor and Grand Secretary in 1880. At the same time, he became a prominent figure in the community and in 1884 was elected to the Indiana state legislature as a Democrat, serving one term. This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... The Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen is one of the railroad unions of the 1800s. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ...

The railroad brotherhoods were comparatively conservative unions, more focused on providing fellowship and services than in collective bargaining. Debs gradually became convinced of the need for a more unified and confrontational approach. After stepping down as Grand Secretary, he organized, in 1893, one of the first industrial unions in the United States, the American Railway Union (ARU). The Union successfully struck the Great Northern Railway in April 1894, winning most of its demands. Industrial unionism is a labor union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union -- regardless of skill or trade -- thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations. ... On June 20, 1893, railway workers gathered in Chicago, Illinois, and founded the American Railway Union (ARU), the largest union of its time, and the first industrial union in the United States. ... Great Northern may refer to: the Great Northern Diver, Gavia adamsii, a bird the Great Northern War, a war fought by Russia, Denmark-Norway, and Saxony-Poland against Sweden the Great Northern Railway, an Irish railway the Great Northern Railway, a United States railroad the Great Northern Railway, a British...

Pullman Strike

Debs was jailed later that year for his part in the Pullman Strike, which grew out of a strike by the workers who made the Pullman Company's cars and who appealed to the ARU at its convention in Chicago for support. Debs tried to persuade the ARU members who worked on the railways that the boycott was too risky, given the hostility of both the railways and the federal government, the weakness of the ARU, and the possibility that other unions would break the strike. The membership ignored his warnings and refused to handle Pullman cars or any other railroad cars attached to them, including cars containing U.S. mail. Pullman Strike began on May 11, 1894. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook & DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... On June 20, 1893, railway workers gathered in Chicago, Illinois, and founded the American Railway Union (ARU), the largest union of its time, and the first industrial union in the United States. ...

The federal government did, in fact, intervene, obtaining an injunction against the strike on the theory that the strikers had obstructed the railways by refusing to show up for work, then sending in the United States Army on the grounds that the strike was hindering the delivery of the mail. An estimated $80 million worth of property was damaged, and Debs was found guilty of interfering with the mail and sent to prison. Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      The government of the United States of America, established by the U.S. Constitution, is... Look up Injunction in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The United States Army is one of the armed forces of the United States and has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...

A Supreme Court case decision, In re Debs, later upheld the right of the federal government to issue the injunction. Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the... Court membership Case opinions In re Debs 158 U.S. 564 (1895) was a United States Supreme Court decision handed down concerning Eugene V. Debs and labor unions. ...

Socialist leader

Campaign poster from his 1912 Presidential campaign. Debs was a frequent Socialist candidate for President in the early 1900s.

At the time of his arrest for mail obstruction, Debs was not a Socialist. However, while jailed, he read the works of Karl Marx. After his release in 1895, he started his socialist political career. The experience radicalized Debs still further. He was a candidate for President of the United States in 1900 as a member of the Social Democratic Party. He was later the Socialist Party of America candidate for President in 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1920, the final time from prison. His 1912 showing, 6% of the vote, was and is the all-time high for a Socialist Party candidate. Image File history File links Debs_campaign. ... Image File history File links Debs_campaign. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The Socialist Party of America (SPA) is a socialist political party in the United States. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was a German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... The Social Democratic Party (SDP) is a former political party operating in the United States. ... The Socialist Party of America (SPA) is a socialist political party in the United States. ...

Debs was, however, largely dismissive of the electoral process: he distrusted the political bargains that Victor Berger and other "sewer socialists" had made in winning local offices and put much more value on the organization of workers, particularly on industrial lines. Debs saw the working class as the one class to organize, educate, and emancipate itself by itself. Victor Luitpold Berger (February 28, 1860 - August 7, 1929) was a United States politician and a founding member of the Socialist Party of America. ...

Socialists split with the IWW

Yet Debs was equally uncomfortable with the apolitical stance of some within the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). He had been an early supporter of the IWW, helping to organize it in 1905, along with Daniel De León, leader of the Socialist Labor Party. But the Wobblies (as IWW members were known) had grown tired of bickering between the two socialist parties,^[2] and particularly of what they viewed as opportunism by De León.^[3] At their convention in 1908, the Wobblies amended the IWW constitution to emphasize industrial action, and to prohibit political action, i.e., alliance with any political party, in the name of the union. De León and Debs both left the IWW in 1908.^[4] The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. ... Daniel de Leon Daniel De Leon (December 14, 1852 – May 11, 1914) was a Curaçao-born American socialist and Syndicalism-influenced trade unionist of Jewish origin. ... The Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) is the oldest socialist political party in the United States and the second oldest socialist party in the world. ...

Later, the electoral wing of the Socialist Party led by Victor Berger and Morris Hillquit became irritated with speeches by Big Bill Haywood, a member of the National Executive Committee, but also a leader of the IWW.^[5] In December of 1911, Haywood told a Lower East Side audience at New York's Cooper Union that parliamentary Socialists were "step-at-a-time people whose every step is just a little shorter than the preceding step." It was better, Haywood said, to "elect the superintendent of some branch of industry, than to elect some congressman to the United States Congress."^[6] In response, Hillquit attacked the IWW as "purely anarchistic..."^[7] Victor Berger, photograph and caption from a 1920 Literary Digest article Victor Louis (Luitpold) Berger (February 28, 1860 – August 7, 1929) was a United States politician and a founding member of the Socialist Party of America. ... Morris Hillquit (1869-1933) was a prominent Socialist and labor lawyer and leader in New York Citys Lower East Side in the early twentieth century. ... William Dudley Big Bill Haywood (February 4, 1869–May 18, 1928) was a prominent figure in American radical unionism as a leader in the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) and later as a founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). ...

The Cooper Union speech was the beginning of a split between Bill Haywood and the Socialist Party.^[8] The final straw came during the Lawrence textile strike when, disgusted with the decision of the elected officials in Lawrence to send police who subsequently used their clubs on children, Haywood publicly declared that "I will not vote again" until such a circumstance was rectified.^[9] Haywood was purged from the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party by passage of an amendment that focused on the direct action and sabotage tactics advocated by the IWW.^[10] Eugene Debs was probably the one person who might have saved Haywood's seat.^[11] In 1906, when Haywood had been on trial for his life in Idaho, Debs had described him as "the Lincoln of Labor," and called for Haywood to run against Theodore Roosevelt for president of the United States.^[12] But times had changed and Debs, facing a split in the Party, chose to echo Hillquit's words, accusing the IWW of representing anarchy.^[13] Debs thereafter stated that he had opposed the amendment, but once it was adopted, it should be obeyed.^[14] Debs remained friendly to Haywood and the IWW after the expulsion, in spite of their perceived differences over IWW tactics.^[15] Massachusetts militiamen with fixed bayonets surround a parade of peaceful strikers Flyer distributed in Lawrence, September 1912 The Lawrence textile strike was a strike of immigrant workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts in 1912 led by the Industrial Workers of the World. ... Direct action is a form of political activism which seeks immediate remedy for perceived ills, as opposed to indirect actions such as electing representatives who promise to provide remedy at some later date. ... German supply train blown up by the Armia Krajowa during World War II Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening an enemy, oppressor or employer through subversion, obstruction, disruption, and/or destruction. ... Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Jr. ...

Prior to Haywood's dismissal, the Socialist Party membership had reached an all-time high of 135,000. One year later, four months after Haywood was recalled, the membership dropped to 80,000. The reformists in the Socialist Party attributed the decline to the departure of the "Haywood element," and predicted that the party would recover. However, the Socialist Party's historical high point of membership had already been reached. In the election of 1913, many of the Socialists who had been elected to public office lost their seats.^[16]

Socialism and race

Although Debs criticized the apolitical "pure and simple unionism" of the railroad brotherhoods and the craft unions within the American Federation of Labor, he practiced a form of pure and simple socialism that underestimated the lasting power of racism, which he viewed as an aspect of capitalist exploitation. As Debs wrote in 1903, the party had "nothing specific to offer the negro, and we cannot make special appeals to all the races. The Socialist party is the party of the working class, regardless of color—the whole working class of the whole world". Yet Debs was more advanced on this issue than many others in the Socialist Party: he denounced racism throughout his years as a socialist, refusing to address segregated audiences in the South and condemning D.W. Griffith's Birth of a Nation. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States. ... Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Hate groups Genocide · Holocaust · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution · Gay bashing Pedophobia · Ephebiphobia Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Supremacism Kahanism Anti-discriminatory Abolitionism · Civil rights Gays/Transsexes/Intersexes rights Womens/Universal suffrage · Feminism Mens/Fathers rights... David Lewelyn Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 - July 23, 1948) was an American film director (commonly known as D. W. Griffith) probably best known for his film The Birth of a Nation. ... The Birth of a Nation is a controversial silent film directed by D.W. Griffith, based on the play The Clansmen and the book The Leopards Spots, both by Thomas Dixon. ...

Leadership style

Debs was a charismatic speaker who sometimes called on the vocabulary of Christianity and much of the oratorical style of evangelism—even though he was generally disdainful of organized religion. As Heywood Broun noted in his eulogy for Debs, quoting a fellow Socialist: "That old man with the burning eyes actually believes that there can be such a thing as the brotherhood of man. And that's not the funniest part of it. As long as he's around I believe it myself." Heywood Broun was a reporter, sportswriter and newspaper columnist in New York City. ...

Although he was sometimes called "King Debs",^[17] Debs himself was not wholly comfortable with his standing as a leader. As he told an audience in Utah in 1910:

Opposition to WWI

Debs giving a speech in Chicago in 1912.

On June 16, 1918, Debs made an anti-war speech in Canton, Ohio, protesting World War I, and was arrested under the Espionage Act of 1917. He was convicted, sentenced to serve ten years in prison and disenfranchised for life. While the photo pictured on the left of this page has for decades been reported to be of Debs giving his speech in Canton, it is actually a picture of Debs giving a speech to a large crowd in Chicago in 1912. Image File history File links Debs_Canton_1918. ... Image File history File links Debs_Canton_1918. ... June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Canton is a city in Stark County, Ohio, United States. ... This article is becoming very long. ... The Espionage Act of 1917 was a United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, on June 15, 1917, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States...

Debs made his best-remembered statement at his sentencing hearing:

Debs appealed his conviction to the United States Supreme Court. In its ruling on Debs v. United States, the Court examined several statements Debs had made regarding World War I. While Debs had carefully guarded his speeches in an attempt to comply with the Espionage Act, the Court found he still had the intention and effect of obstructing the draft and recruitment for the war. Among other things, the Court cited Debs's praise for those imprisoned for obstructing the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes stated in his opinion that little attention was needed since Debs' case was essentially the same as that of Schenck v. United States, in which the Court had upheld a similar conviction. Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the... The case surrounded a speech in Canton, Ohio against World War I given by him publicly. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. ... Holding Defendants criticism of the draft was not protected by the First Amendment, because it created a clear and present danger to the enlistment and recruiting practices of the U.S. armed forces during a state of war. ...

Debs in the Atlanta Penitentiary

He went to prison on April 13, 1919. In protest of his jailing, Charles Ruthenberg led a parade of unionists, Socialists, Anarchists and Communists to march on May 1 (May Day), 1919 in Cleveland, Ohio. The event quickly broke into the violent May Day Riots of 1919. Image File history File links Debs_penitentiary. ... Image File history File links Debs_penitentiary. ... April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Charles Ruthenberg (July 14, 1884 – 1927) became famous for founding the Communist Party in the USA. Ruthenberg was born in New York City, New York, the son of an immigrant from Russia who was a prosperous garment merchant. ... A trade union or labor union is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ... Socialism is any economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled collectively or a political philosophy advocating such a system. ... Anarchism is a political philosophy or group of doctrines and attitudes centered on rejection of any form of compulsory government (cf. ... This article is about communism as a form of society, as an ideology advocating that form of society, and as a popular movement. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... May Day is May 1, and refers to any of several holidays celebrated on this day. ... Cleveland redirects here. ... The May Day Riots of 1919 were a series of violent demonstrations that occurred throughout Cleveland, Ohio on May 1 (May Day), 1919. ...

Debs ran for president in the 1920 election while in prison in Atlanta, Georgia at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary. He received 913,664 votes (3.4%), the most ever for a Socialist Party presidential candidate in the U.S. and slightly more than he had won in 1912, when he obtained six percent of the vote. This stint in prison also inspired Debs to write a series of columns deeply critical of the prison system, which appeared in sanitized form in the Bell Syndicate and was collected into his only book, Walls and Bars, with several added chapters (published posthumously). Hotlanta redirects here. ...

On December 25, 1921, President Warren G. Harding released Debs from prison, commuting his sentence to time served. Debs died five years later at the age of 70 in Elmhurst, Illinois. December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 6 days remaining in the year. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 - August 2, 1923) was an American politician and the 29th President of the United States, from 1921 to 1923, when he became the sixth president to die in office. ... Incorporated Village in 1982. ...

In 1924, Eugene Debs was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by the Finnish Socialist Karl H. Wiik on the ground that "Debs started to work actively for peace during World War I, mainly because he considered the war to be in the interest of capitalism."^[18] Lester B. Pearson after accepting the Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... Karl H. Wiik and Yrjö Sirola in Stockholm 1917 Karl H. Wiik (1883 - 1946) was a Finland-Swedish Socialist leader and one of the founding members of the Communist Party of Finland and active during the Finnish Civil War. ...

Trivia

• The protagonist in the Kurt Vonnegut novel Hocus Pocus, Eugene Debs Hartke, is named after Eugene V. Debs. There are several other references to Debs throughout the novel, and in other Vonnegut works. Vonnegut received the Eugene V. Debs Award in 1981 from the Debs Foundation.
• Eugene Debs and his actions figure prominently in the Callen Harty play, Debs in Prison. The 'voice' of Eugene Debs is heard as well as two of the main characters being devotees of Debs. The play's setting is a female prison, just after a young woman protests America’s involvement in World War I at a Debutante’s ball in Canton, Ohio.^[19]
• The Eugene V. Debs cooperative house in Ann Arbor, MI has been housing students at the University of Michigan and neighboring colleges since 1967.

Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. ... Hocus Pocus is a 1990 novel by Kurt Vonnegut. ... A world war is a war affecting the majority of the worlds major nations. ... Canton is a city in Stark County, Ohio, United States. ...

References

July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Pullman Strike
• United States presidential election, 1900
• United States presidential election, 1904
• United States presidential election, 1908
• United States presidential election, 1912
• United States presidential election, 1920
• Socialist Party of America
• Socialist Party USA

Pullman Strike began on May 11, 1894. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The Socialist Party of America (SPA) is a socialist political party in the United States. ... The Socialist Party USA (SP USA) is one of the heirs to the Socialist Party of America of Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas. ...

Further reading

• Chace, James. 1912 : Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs—The Election that Changed the Country. 336 pages. Simon & Schuster. July 26, 2005. ISBN 0-7432-7355-9.
• Debs, Eugene. Debs: His Life, Writings and Speeches. 544 pages. University Press of the Pacific. July 1, 2002. ISBN 1-4102-0154-6.
• Debs, Eugene. Gentle Rebel: Letters of Eugene V. Debs. Edited by J. Robert Constantine. 312 pages. University of Illinois Press. June 1, 1995. ISBN 0-252-06324-4.
• Debs, Eugene. Walls & Bars: Prisons & Prison Life In The "Land Of The Free". 264 pages. Charles H. Kerr Publishers Company; 1st edition, 1983 edition ISBN 0-88286-010-0. 2000 edition ISBN 0-88286-248-0.
• Debs, Eugene V. The papers of Eugene V. Debs, 1834-1945: A guide to the microfilm edition. 163 pages. Microfilming Corporation of America, 1983. ISBN 0-667-00699-0.
• Ginger, Ray. The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs. Rutgers University Press: 1949. (Reprinted by Thomas Jefferson University Press: 1992. The reprint edition has numerous historic photographs and an introduction by J. Robert Constantine.)
• Radosh, Ronald (ed). Great Lives Observed: Debs. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1971. ISBN 0-131-97681-8.
• Salvatore, Nick. Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist. Reprinted by University of Illinois Press, 1984. ISBN 0-252-01148-1.
• Stone, Irving. Adversary in the House. Doubleday: 1947. ISBN 0-385-04003-2.
• Young, Marguerite. Harp Song for a Radical: The Life and Times of Eugene Victor Debs. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.: 1999. ISBN 0-679-42757-0.
• Vonnegut, Kurt. Hocus Pocus. 336 Pages. Berkely Trade: 1991. ISBN 0-425-13021-5.

Archives Raymond Sydney Ginger (October 16, 1924 - January 3, 1975) was an American historian, author, and biographer. ... Irving Stone (July 14, 1903 – August 26, 1989) was an American writer known for his biographical novels of famous historical personalities. ... Marguerite Vivian Young (August 28, 1908 - November 17, 1995) was an American author of poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and criticism. ... Kurt Vonnegut, Junior (born November 11, 1922) is an American novelist, satirist, and most recently, graphic artist. ...

• Debs Collection. Indiana State University Library Special Collections. Searchable pamphlet collection, abstracts of correspondence, photographs, survelliance records, etc. Online collection guide retrieved August 30, 2006.
• Eugene Victor Debs Papers, 1881-1940. Indiana Historical Society Manuscript Collection. Call Number: SC 0493. Online collection guide retrieved May 16, 2005.
• Bernard J. Brommel - Eugene V. Debs Papers, 1886-2003. Research material and works of Eugene V. Debs biographer Bernard J. Brommel, including notes, photocopies, photographs, pamphlets, newsclippings, and memorabilia. Also primary sources about and by Debs himself, including correspondence, works, and miscellanea. 4 cubic ft. Call Number: Midwest MS Brommel-Debs. Held at Newberry Library. Online catalog retrieved April 26, 2005.

External links

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Eugene V. Debs

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Eugene V. Debs

• Eugene V. Debs Foundation
• Eugene V. Debs Internet Archive
• Eugene Debs Page from the Antiauthoritarian Encyclopedia
• Eugene V. Debs at the Open Directory Project
• 1920 Presidential Election Links
• Eugene Debs on the IWW Memorial Page
• Socialist Party USA
• Other photos of Debs