Zak Eugeniusz (Eugéne) (15 December 1884 Mogilno, Belarus – 15 January 1926 Paris). December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ... Mogilno is a town in central Poland, situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Bydgoszcz Voivodship (1975-1998). ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

Life

Eugeniusz Zak was born to a family of assimilated Polish Jews. As a boy he moved to Warsaw, where he graduated from a non-classical secondary school. In 1902, he left for Paris to undertake studies, first at the École des Beaux-Arts in the studio of the aged master of academism Jean-Léon Gerôme, and then at Académie Colarossi in the studio of Albert Besnard. In 1903, he traveled to Italy and toward the end of the year to Munich, where he entered a private school run by the Slovenian Anton Ažbé. Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... École des Beaux Arts refers to several art schools in France. ... Jean-Léon Gérôme (May 11, 1824 - 1904) was a French painter and sculptor who produced many works in a historical, Orientalist style. ... The Académie Colarossi is an art school founded by the Italian sculptor, Filippo Colarossi. ... Paul-Albert Besnard (1849 - 1934 ), French painter, was born in Paris and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, winning the Prix de Rome in 1874. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German state of Bavaria. ...

In 1904 he returned to Paris. In the same year his debut took place at the Autumn Salon and two years later he was accepted as a jury member in the drawing section of this institution. In the years 1906-1908 he made trips to Brittany (Pont l’Abbé, among other places). On the Seine he was involved in the life of the Polish colony, participating in the Society of Polish Artists in Paris, among other organizations. He befriended many Polish artists there, including Roman Kramsztyk, Wacław Borowski, Leopold Gottlieb, Jerzy Merkel, Elie Nadelman, Mela Muter, Tytus Czyżewski and Zygmunt Menkes. Honoré Daumier satirized the bourgeoises scandalized by the Salons Venuses, 1864 The Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris) is the official art exhibit of the Académie des beaux-arts in Paris, France. ... Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical duchy and French province, as well as the cultural area of Brittany. ... This article is about the river in France. ... Elie Nadelman (February 20, 1882, Warsaw - December 28, 1946) was a Poland-born US sculptor. ...

His fame grew rapidly. The French government purchased of one of his paintings for the Luxembourg Museum (1910), he organized a one-man show at Galerie Druet (1911), and he was connected with important personalities of Parisian cultural life, including the critics Adolf Basler and André Salmon. In 1912 he became a professor at the Académie La Palette. In 1913 he married a beginning painter Jadwiga Kon, who managed the well-known Galerie Zak after his death. Between 1914 and 1916 he stayed in southern France (Nice, St Paul-de-Vence, and Vence), and also visited Lausanne in Switzerland. City motto: Nicæa civitas. ... Vence is a small French town set in the hills of the Alpes Maritimes region, between Nice and Antibes. ... Location within Switzerland Lausanne (46°31′10″ N 6°37′56″ E) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman), and facing Évian-les-Bains (France). ...

In 1916 he returned with his family to Poland, settling in his wife’s hometown of Częstochowa. He associated with the Formists. Upon his frequent visits to Warsaw, he collaborated with the future members of Rhythm, a group he co-founded in 1921. In 1922 he left Poland for good. First, he went to Germany, where he had already been known and esteemed before the World War I. He visited Berlin and later Bonn, where he carried out a commission to decorate the interior of the villa of the architect Fritz August Breuhaus with paintings. He co-operated with the periodical Deutsche Kunst und Dekoration, publishing articles on certain artists who were close to him. In 1923 he settled once again in Paris, where he joined his friends Zygmunt Menkes and Marc Chagall. His growing artistic fame and financial successes ended suddenly when he died of a heart attack. He did not live to take over the faculty of painting, which had been offered to him by the Academy of Fine Arts in Cologne, Germany. Motto: CzÄ™stochowa is a good city Voivodship Silesian Municipal government Rada miasta CzÄ™stochowy Mayor Tadeusz Wrona Area 160 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 248,894 (2004) none 1 597/km² Founded City rights 11th century after 1370 Latitude Longitude 19°07E 50°48N Area code +48... Rhythm (Greek ρυθμός = tempo) is the variation of the duration of sounds or other events over time. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ...   Berlin? (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,426,000 inhabitants (as of January 2005); down from 4. ... Bonn is a city in Germany (Population (2004 est): 313,605 ; the 19th largest city in Germany), in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine. ... Marc Chagall as photographed in 1941 by Carl Van Vechten Marc Chagall (July 7, 1887 – March 28, 1985) was a Jewish Belarusian painter. ... There are various Academies of Fine Arts in the world: Academy of Art University, San Francisco, California, USA Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen Academy of Fine Arts, Helsinki, Finland Academy of Fine Arts, Ljubljana (Akademija za likovno umetnost) (ALU) Academy of Fine Arts, Munich Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg Academy...

Work

From the beginning, Zak expressed his artistic temperament through a sophisticated application of line, referring in his sanguine portraits to works by Leonardo, Botticelli, Holbein and Dürer. In the early stage of his career, he approached the style of the Nabis, through the manipulation of flat areas, enclosed within distinct contours and faded, slightly matte colors. For a brief period, he succumbed – like so many of his Parisian colleagues – to the exoticism and folk atmosphere of Brittany. He also borrowed certain motifs from Chinese porcelain and Persian miniatures. He painted views of Parisian back streets and boulevards on the Seine and, sporadically, took up New Testament themes. Leonardo redirects here. ... Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli (Florence March 1, 1445 - May 17, 1510) was an Italian painter of the Florentine school during the Early Renaissance (Quattrocento). ... Hans Holbein is the name of two German Renaissance painters: Hans Holbein the Elder (1460-1524) Hans Holbein the Younger (c. ... Self-Portrait, 1493, Oil on Canvas Albrecht Dürer (May 21, 1471 - April 6, 1528) was a German painter, wood carver, engraver, and mathematician. ... Nabis was the last king of Sparta. ... Persia or Persian most often refer to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic group, also called Tajiks Persian language Persian (Pokémon) See also Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian languages and Aryan. ... The New Testament, sometimes called the Greek Testament or Greek Scriptures is the name given to the part of the Christian Bible that was written after the birth of Jesus. ...

Even before World War I, some of his compositions were in line with the idyllic tradition represented by works of such artists as Poussin, Claude (called le Lorraine), Watteau, and most of all Puvis de Chavannes, whose Poor Fisherman at the Louvre inspired a number of Zak’s paintings and drawings. The Polish artist began to intensify the stylization of his figural silhouettes and faces. Zak’s Arcadia, inspired by original Italian and southern French landscapes as well as those by European art masters, was inhabited by people with a hermaphroditic beauty, undoubtedly linked to Zak’s fascination with the Renaissance. Their physiognomies recall the profiles of ancient Greek art, with the nose angled straight from the forehead and distinctly outlined eyes, while the faces bear a languorous, nostalgic expression. Zak, like Modigliani, by means of sophisticated drawing and a poetic imagination with a romantic tint, created a very special “human race” found only in the figures of his pictures. Et in Arcadia ego by Nicolas Poussin. ... The Mitsubishi A5M was the worlds first monoplane shipboard fighter and the direct ancestor of the famous Mitsubishi A6M Zero. The Allied code-name was Claude; the Japanese Navy designation was Type 96 carrier-based fighter (九六式艦上戦闘機). ... Jean-Antoine Watteau (October 10, 1684 - July 18, 1721) was a French painter. ... Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, (December 14, 1824 - October 24, 1898) was a French painter. ... I.M. Peis Louvre Pyramid: the entrance to the galleries lies below the glass pyramid The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre) in Paris, France, is one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... Arcadia or Arkadía (Greek Αρκαδία) is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. ... By Region: Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance *French Renaissance *German Renaissance *English Renaissance The Renaissance, also known as Rinascimento (in Italian), was an influential cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history. ... Modigliani is the last name of two famous persons of Italian descent. ...

His cubified houses and masses of rocks were always composed with a decorative rhythm. Their refined combinations of broken colors and reserved expression distinguish these paintings. They enter an interesting dialogue with achievements of certain representatives of the German New Objectivity, and also some of the Italians from the Valori Plastici group, though by no means can we speak here of direct influences. The New Objectivity, or neue Sachlichkeit (new matter-of-factness), was an art movement which arose in Germany during the 1920s as an outgrowth of, and in opposition to, expressionism. ...

Around 1917-1920 social outsiders, the nostalgic loners who spend their lives in saloons or interiors with scanty furniture, replaced the earlier fishermen and their families, sailors, and merchants. Here we have a clear connection with the “miserable” trend of the young Picasso, such as his Saltimbanques of the blue period. At the same time, these sad themes are counterbalanced by representations of happy families in various configurations: a mother playing with a smiling child, a family playing with a puppet-theatre, etc. The paintings from his last period gain more light and life, while the artist does not eschew dissonances. Contours dissolve on the edges of bordering color areas and spot-lighting melts the surfaces of stylized forms. Zak’s repertoire of forms may not be rich, but it is characteristic enough due to make his works immediately recognizable. His style inspired many Polish artists gathered around “Rhythm,” a group which co-created a Polish version of Art Déco. The important feature of Zak’s grammar of forms was his treatment of the human silhouette, which the painter endowed with elongated proportions that had little in common with those of the real models, a mannerist over-emphasis on contrapposto, and dance-like postures usually ascribed to marionettes or dummies rather than to people. A young Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso, formally Pablo Ruiz Picasso, (October 25, 1881 - April 8, 1973) was one of the recognized masters of 20th century art. ...

His late paintings seemed to open a new chapter in his oeuvre: he now began to draw on the color and painterly effects of the Impressionists (primarily those of Renoir) once so much despised by him. See also Impressionist (entertainment): A girl with a watering can by Renoir, 1876 Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, which began as a private association of Paris-based artists who exhibited publicly in 1874. ... The name Renoir refers to more than one person. ...

Exhibitions

During Zak's lifetime, his one-man shows were organized in Paris (1911, 1925) and Warsaw (1917). Apart from the Paris Salons (from 1904) and an exhibition of the Polish artists residing in Paris, which was organized in Barcelona (1912), his works appeared at the famous Armory Show in New York, Chicago and Detroit, where he was the only Pole besides Elie Nadelman (1913), at the Venice Biennale (1914), and at the Parisian exhibitions of the Association France-Pologne in Paris (1924). Moreover, he took part in exhibitions of the Society of Polish Artists “Sztuka” (“Art”), beginning in 1908, as well as those of the Polish Expressionists (later called Formists) before they formed an official group (Cracow 1913 and Zakopane 1916) and after (Cracow 1917 and Lvov 1918). He exhibited in Warsaw as a member of the Polish Art Club (1917-1919), the New Group (1918), and Association of Polish Artists “Rhythm” in Cracow (1923) and Warsaw (1924). Barcelona within Barcelonès Population (2003) 1,582,738 Area 1004 Km2 Population density (2001) 15,764/Km2 Barcelona is the capital city of Catalonia, an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, and Spains second-largest city (after Madrid). ... Armory Show poster. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki (R) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Chicago (officially named the City of Chicago) is the third largest city in the United States (after New York City and Los Angeles), with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 census. ... This article refers to the largest city of Michigan. ... Elie Nadelman (February 20, 1882, Warsaw - December 28, 1946) was a Poland-born US sculptor. ... The Venice Biennale (Italian: Biennale di Venezia) is a major contemporary art exhibition that takes places once every two years (in odd years) in Venice, Italy. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada Miasta Zakopane Mayor Piotr BÄ…k Area 8,4 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 29,360 - 3495/km² Founded City rights 1578 1933 Latitude Longitude 49°18 N 19°57 E Area code +48 18 Car plates KTT Twin towns Poprad, Saint... Lviv ( Львів in Ukrainian; Львов, Lvov in Russian; Lwów in Polish; Leopolis in Latin; Lemberg in German—see also cities alternative names) is a city in western Ukraine with 830,000 inhabitants (an additional 200,000 commute daily from suburbs). ...

The artist’s posthumous exhibitions occurred at the three Paris Salons and at Parisian galleries as well as in Warsaw and Düsseldorf (all in 1926), New York (1927), Buffalo (1928), London (1927) and several more times in Paris, including at the Galerie Zak (1936, 1938). The last, run by the artist’s widow, enjoyed the reputation of being one of the most interesting galleries on the left bank of the Seine: it sponsored, among other things, the first exhibition by members of the Paris Committee, known as the Kapists, several one-man shows of Polish and Jewish artists active in France, and Kandinsky’s first Parisian one-man show. Düsseldorf is the capital city of the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. ... A buffalo is one of several species of bovine. ... The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster, which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... On White II (Kandinsky 1923) Wassily Kandinsky (Russian: Василий Кандинский, first name sometimes spelled as Vasily, Vassily or Vasilii) (December 16, 1866 - December 13, 1944) was a Russian-born painter and art theorist. ...

--212.76.39.122 16:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC) Artur Tanikowski, 26 August 2005

References

• Anna Król and Artur Tanikowski, Colors of Identity: Polish Art from the American Collection of Tom Podl, National Museum in Kraków: Kraków 2001.
• Artur Tanikowski, Eugeniusz Zak, translated by Jarek Król, Pogranicze: Sejny 2003.

External links

• Zak's artwork at malarze.com