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Encyclopedia > Eulsa Treaty
Eulsa Treaty
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Hangul: 을사 조약
Hanja: 乙巳條約
Revised Romanization: Eulsa joyak
McCune-Reischauer: Ŭlsa choyak
History of Korea

Gojoseon, Jin
Proto-Three Kingdoms:
 Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye
 Samhan, Gaya
Three Kingdoms:
 Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla
Unified Silla, Balhae
Later Three Kingdoms
Goryeo
Joseon
Japanese Rule
Divided Korea:
 N. Korea, S. Korea
Hangul is the native alphabet used to write the Korean language, as opposed to the hanja system borrowed from China. ... Hanja, or hanmun, sometimes translated as Sino-Korean characters, are what Chinese characters (hanzi) are called in Korean. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean (Korean: 국어의 로마자 표기법; 國語의 로마字 表記法) is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... This article is about the history of Korea. ... Gojoseon (ancient Joseon, to distinguish the later Joseon Dynasty) was the first Korean kingdom. ... Jin was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, at the time when Wiman Joseon occupied the peninsula’s northern half. ... Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea (원삼국시대, 原三國時代) refers to the period after the fall of Gojoseon and before the maturation of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla into full-fledged kingdoms. ... Buyeo was a kingdom established in Northern Manchuria, from about 2nd century BC to 494. ... Okjeo was a small tribal state which arose in northern Korean peninsula from perhaps 2nd century BC to 5th century AD. Dong-okjeo (East Okjeo) occupied roughly the area of the Hamgyŏng provinces of North Korea, and Buk-okjeo (North Okjeo) occupied the Duman River region. ... Dongye was a state which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula in the earliest centuries of the Common Era. ... During the Samhan period, the three confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan dominated the southern portion of the Korean peninsula. ... Gaya was a confederacy of chiefdoms that existed in the Nakdong River valley of Korea during the Three Kingdoms era. ... The Three Kingdoms of Korea were Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula and parts of Manchuria for much of the 1st millennium CE. The Three Kingdoms period in Korea is usually considered to run from the 1st century BCE until Sillas triumph over Goguryeo in 668... Goguryeo (traditional dates 37 BCE – 668) was an empire in Manchuria and northern Korea. ... Baekje was a kingdom that existed in southwestern Korea from 18 BCE to 660 CE. Together with Goguryeo and Silla, Baekje is known as one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. ... Silla (also denoted as Shilla) was one of the three kingdoms of ancient Korea. ... Unified Silla is the name often applied to the Korean kingdom of Silla after 668. ... Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Balhae (Korean) or Bohai (Chinese) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea, and Russian Far East. ... The Later Three Kingdoms of Korea (892-936) consisted of Silla, Hubaekje (later Baekje), and Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo, or Later Goguryeo). ... The state of Goryeo ruled Korea from the fall of Silla in 935 until the founding of Joseon in 1392. ... The Joseon Dynasty (also Chosŏn, Hangul: 조선왕조, Hanja: 朝鮮王朝) was the final ruling dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. ... Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period of Japans occupation of the Korean peninsula in the early 20th century. ... The Korean peninsula, first divided along the 38th parallel, later along the demarcation line The modern division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from the 1945 Allied victory in World War II. The United States and the Soviet Union agreed to jointly administer the newly liberated nation... History of North Korea: Following World War II, Korea, which had been a colonial possession of Japan since 1910, was occupied by the Soviet Union (in the north) and the United States (in the south). ... The History of South Korea traces the development of South Korea from the division of the Korean Peninsula in 1945 to the present day. ...

Through the Eulsa Treaty of 17 November 1905, the Korean Empire ceded foreign diplomacy to the Japanese Empire, became a protectorate of Japan, and in effect ceded its national sovereignty to Japan. Although Emperor Gojong of Korea, the official head of state of Korean Empire, refused to sign the treaty, it was signed by five pro-Japanese Korean officials:Minister of Education Lee Wan-Yong, Minister of Army Lee Geun Taek, Minister of Interior Lee Ji-Yong, Minister of Foreign Affairs Park Je-Sun, and Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry Kwon Jung-Hyun. Prime Minister Han Gyu Seol, Minister of Justice Lee Ha-Young, and Minister of Finance Min Young Ki opposed to the treaty, but were ignored by Japanese;and the treaty was illicitly put into effect. Korean kingdoms are listed in the order of their fall. ... Korea has a long military history going back several thousand years, with an extensive series of wars that involved invasions, civil discord, counter-piracy actions against medieval Japan, the first use of armoured battleships in seabattles, and the devastation of rebellions against the Joseon era Japanese invasions, the forced peace... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Korean Empire existed from 1897 to 1910. ... Flag of Imperial Japan The Empire of Japan or Imperial Japan (: 大日本帝國; Shinjitai: 大日本帝国; pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku) commonly refers to Japan from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II. Politically, it covers the period from the enforced establishment of prefectures in place of feudal domains (廃藩置県; Hai-han Chi... For the rule of Oliver Cromwell, see The Protectorate. ... Gojong, the Emperor Gwangmu (광무제 光武帝 gwang mu je) (8 September 1852–21 January 1919) was the twenty-sixth king and first emperor of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. ...


This treaty laid the foundation for the full annexation of Korea in 1910 which lasted to the 1945 surrender of Japan in World War II. The Treaty of Annexation of Korea by Japan was signed on August 22, 1910 by the representatives of the Korean and Japanese Imperial Governments. ... The Surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close. ... Combatants Allies: • Soviet Union, • UK & Commonwealth, • USA, • France/Free France, • China, • Poland, • ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Japan, • Italy, • ...and others Casualties Military dead: 18 million Civilian dead: 33 million Full list Military dead: 7 million Civilian dead: 4 million Full list World War II, also known as the Second World...


Name

In the Korean calendar, eulsa is the Sexagenary Cycle's 42th year in which the treaty was signed. In Japanese, the treaty is known under several names such as 第二次日韓協約, 乙巳保護条約 and 韓国保護条約. The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar formed by combining a purely lunar calendar with a solar calendar. ... The Chinese sexagenary cycle (干支 pinyin: gānzhÄ«) is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles, the ten Heavenly Stems (十干; shígān) and the twelve Earthly Branches (十二支; shíèrzhÄ«). These have been traditionally used as a means of numbering the years, not only in China...


Reception

The five Korean signatories to the treaty have been regarded as “national traitors” by most Koreans and were despisingly called eulsa ojeok (乙巳五賊, “five Eulsa traitors”) in Korean.


In 1907, the Korean Emperor Gojong sent three, secret emissaries, including Jun Lee, to the second international Hague Peace Convention to protest the unfairness of the Eulsa Treaty. Unable to gain entry into the convention hall due to Japanese interference, Lee committed self-immolation (suicide by self inflicted fire). Gojong, the Emperor Gwangmu (광무제 光武帝 gwang mu je) (8 September 1852–21 January 1919) was the twenty-sixth king and first emperor of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. ... The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at The Hague, Netherlands in 1899 and 1907, respectively, and were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the nascent body of international law. ... Thích Quảng Ðức pictured during his self-immolation. ...


Implications

It has been stated that it is for the Eulsa treaty that Korea was unable to protest the later Japanese secret takeover of the Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima) which had strategic value for the Japanese military. The Liancourt Rocks are islets in the Sea of Japan (East Sea). ...


In 2004, the Korean government nullified the Gando Convention signed under Japanese military threat in 1909 between China and Japan, which expanded Japanese rights in Manchuria in exchange for China keeping the so-called "Gando region" to the north of Baitou Mountain and Tumen River in what is now the Chinese Jilin province, then claimed by Japan purposely as a part of Korea. The 1909 Gando Convention was a treaty signed between Japan and China in which Japan transferred the Gando region to China in return for railroad concessions in Manchuria. ... Gando, Jiandao, and Kantō are the Korean, Chinese, and Japanese pronunciations of a name (間島) that refers to parts of Manchuria populated by Koreans. ... Baitou Mountain, or Paektu Mountain, is a mountain on the border between China and North Korea, located at , . It is commonly called Changbai shan (長白山/长白山) in Chinese and the Manchu name Golmin Šanggiyan Alin corresponds to it. ... The Tuman River, or the Tumen River, is a river in northeast Asia, on the border between China and North Korea in its upper reaches, and between North Korea and Russia in its lower stretches. ... Jilin (Chinese: 吉林; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chi-lin; Postal System Pinyin: Kirin), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ...


In a joint statement on 23 June 2005, South Korean and North Korean officials declared the Eulsa treaty null and void on the basis probable coercion by the Japanese. June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Broadly bring benefit to humanity (Korean: 널리 인간 세계를 이롭게 하라) Anthem: Aegukga Capital Seoul Largest city Seoul Official language(s) Korean Government President Prime Minister Presidential democracy Roh Moo-hyun Lee Hae-chan Independence Declared From Japan August 15, 1945 Area  â€¢ Total  â€¢ Water (%)   98,480 km² (109th) 0. ... North Korea, officially the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK; Korean: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk; Hangul: 조선민주주의인민공화국; Hanja: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國), is a country in eastern Asia, covering the northern half of the peninsula of Korea. ...


  Results from FactBites:
 
Eulsa Treaty Information (279 words)
The Eulsa Treaty was made between Korean Empire and Japanese Empire on 17 November 1905, influenced by the result of the Russo-Japanese War.
Through the treaty, Korea ceded its foreign diplomacy to the Japanese Empire, became a protectorate of Japan, and in effect ceded its national sovereignty to Japan until the korean empire was empowered under the treaty.
In a joint statement on 23 June 2005, South Korean and North Korean officials declared the Eulsa treaty null and void on the basis of probable coercion by the Japanese.
Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty information - Search.com (284 words)
The Treaty of Annexation of Korea by Japan was signed on August 22, 1910 by the representatives of the Korean and Japanese Imperial Governments.
The treaty had eight articles, number one being: "His Majesty the Emperor of Korea makes the complete and permanent cession to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan of all rights of sovereignty over the whole of Korea." The legality of the Treaty is disputed, and not accepted in contemporary Korea.
The people who ratified the treaty were Korean ministers who betrayed their country and secretly agreed with the Japanese government prior to the actual signing of the treaty.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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