The Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) is a large family of flowering plants with 280 genera and around 6'000 species. Most are herbs, but some, especially in the Tropics, are also shrubs or trees. Some are succulent and resemble cacti. Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... A herb (pronounced urb in American English and hurb in British English) is a plant grown for culinary or medicinal value. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... A willow shrub A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth A tree can be defined as a large, perennial, woody plant. ... Succulent plants, or succulents, are plants that store water in their enlarged fleshy leaves, stems, or roots. ... Genera Many, see text A cactus (plural, cacti or cactuses) is a type of (usually) succulent plant belonging to the dicotyledonous flowering plant family, Cactaceae. ...

This family occurs mainly in the Tropics, with the majority of the species in the Indo-Malayan region and tropical South America a good second. However, Euphorbia also has many species in non-tropical areas such as the Mediterranean, the Middle East, South Africa and southern USA. The Indomalaya Ecozone was previously called the Oriental region. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... In biology, a species is a kind of organism. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

The leaves are alternate, seldom opposed, with stipules. They are mainly simple. But when they are compound, they are always palmate, never pinnate. The stipules may be reduced to hairs, glands or spines. In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ... In botany, stipule refers to the often leaflike outgrowth borne on either side at the base of a leafstalk (or petiole). ...

The radially symmetrical flowers are unisexual, with the male and the female flowers usually occurring on the same plant. As can be expected from such a large family, there is a wide variety in the structure of the flowers. They can be monoecious or dioecious. The stamens (the male organs) can number from 1 to 10 (or even more). The female flowers are hypogynous, i.e. with a superior ovary. Wildflowers A flower is the reproductive organ of those plants classified as angiosperms (flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). ... Plant sexuality deals with the wide variety of sexual reproduction systems found across the plant kingdom. ... Plant sexuality deals with the wide variety of sexual reproduction systems found across the plant kingdom. ... Flower of the spider tree (Crateva religiosa) with its numerous conspicuous stamens The stamen is the male organ of a flower. ... Human female internal reproductive anatomy Ovaries are a part of a female organism that produces eggs. ...

The genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce show a highly specialized form of inflorescence, called a cyathium. This is usually a small cup-like involucre. This consists of peripheral horseshoe-shaped nectaries surrounding a ring of male flowers, consisting of a single stamen. In the middle of it, stands the female flower with a single pistil with branched stigmas. This whole arrangement resembles a single flower. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers on a branch of a plant. ... Flower of the spider tree (Crateva religiosa) with its numerous conspicuous stamens The stamen is the male organ of a flower. ... The Pistil is the part of the flower made up of one or more carpels. ... The word stigma (plural stigmata) has more than one possible meaning: a mark such as that made with a branding iron in botany, stigma can mean a part of the female part of a flower; that part of a pistil which has no epidermis, and is fitted to receive the...

The fruit is usually a schizocarp, sometimes a drupe. A typical schizocarp is the regma, a capsular fruit with three or more cells, each of which splits open at maturity into separate parts and then break away with explosion. Fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain. ... The peach is a typical drupe (stone fruit) In botany, a drupe is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp or skin and mesocarp or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. ...

Milky juice is a characteristic of the tribe Euphorbiae of this family, in species such as Euphorbia virosa, but is mostly lacking in the other tribes. This milky sap is poisonous. Euphorbia virosa is a plant of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. ... Sap is: tree sap A small, blunt object used as a weapon, often constructed from a bag filled with loose, heavy objects such as lead shot or coins. ... The skull and crossbones symbol traditionally used to label a poisonous substance. ...

Uses

A number of plants of the Spurge family are of considerable economic importance. Prominent plants include manioc, rubber (from Hevea brasiliensis), and the Castor bean. Some are grown as ornamental plants, such as the poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). Binomial name Manihot esculenta Crantz Cassava or manioc (Manihot esculenta; also yuca in Spanish, and mandioca, aipim, or macaxera in Portuguese) is a woody perennial shrub of the spurge family, that is extensively cultivated as an annual crop for its edible starchy tuberous root. ... Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of a number of plants but can also be produced synthetically. ... Binomial name Ricinus communis The castor bean (Ricinus communis) is not a true bean, but a member of the Euphorbiaceae or spurge family. ... An ornamental is a plant variety that is grown for its beauty (in its end use), rather than commercial or other value. ... Binomial name Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ...

Subdivions

The family Euphorbiaceae is a complex family formed by 4 subfamilies: The Acalyphoideae (by far the largest one), the Crotonoideae, the Euphorbioideae and the Oldfieldioideae. These groups are in turn subdivided into numerous tribes, subtribes and genera. A former fifth subfamily (the Phyllanthoides) has been separated from the Euphorbiaceae as a result of lineage analysis: all of its tribes are now part of the newly-erect Phyllanthaceae except the tribe Drypeteae, which now forms a family in itself (the Putranjivaceae). ... Genera see text The family Phyllanthaceae comprises 1725 species of trees, shrubs and herbs distributed in all tropical regions of the world. ... Genera The rosid family Putranjivaceae is composed of 210 species of evergreen tropical trees distributed into 3 genera. ...

White-laced Euphorbia (Euphorbia leucocephala)

• Subfamily Acalyphoideae

• • Tribe Acalypheae (12 subtribes, 31 genera)
    • Subtribe Acalyphinae
      • Acalypha (also called Acaplyphes, Acalyphopsis, Calyptrospatha, Caturus, Corythea, Cupameni, Galurus, Gymnalypha, Linostachys, Mercuriastrum, Odonteilema, Paracelsea, Ricinocarpus, Schizogyne, Usteria)
    • Subtribe Adrianinae
      • Adriana (also called Meialisa, Trachycaryon)
    • Subtribe Claoxylinae
      • Claoxylon (also called Erythrochilus, Erythrochylus)
      • Claoxylopsis
      • Discoclaoxylon
      • Erythrococca (also called Athroandra, Autrandra, Chloropatane, Deflersia, Poggeophyton, Rivinoides)
      • Micrococca
    • Subtribe Cleidiinae
      • Cleidion (also called Lasiostyles, Psilostachys, Redia, Tetraglossa)
      • Sampantaea
      • Weitria (also called Pseudotrewia)
    • Subtribe Dysopsidinae
      • Dysopsis (also called Mirabellia, Molina)
    • Subtribe Lasiococcinae
      • Homonoia (also called Haematospermum, Lumanaja)
      • Lasiococca
      • Spathiostemon (also called Clonostylis, Polydragma)
    • Subtribe Lobaniliinae
      • Lobanilia
    • Subtribe Macaranginae
      • Macaranga (also called Adenoceras, Mappa, Mecostylis, Pachystemon, Panopia, Phocea, Tanarius)
    • Subtribe Mareyinae
      • Mareya
      • Mareyopsis
    • Subtribe Mercurialinae
      • Mercurialis (also called Cynocrambe, Discoplis, Synema)
      • Leidesia
      • Spathiostemon
    • Subtribe Ricininae
      • Ricinus -- castor bean
    • Subtribe Rottlerinae
      • Avellanita
      • Coccoceras
      • Cordemoya (also called Boutonia)
      • Deuteromallotus
      • Mallotus (also called Aconceveibum, Axenfeldia, Coelodiscus, Diplochlamys, Echinocroton, Echinus, Hancea, Lasipana, Plagianthera, Rottlera, Stylanthus)
      • Neotrewia
      • Octospermum
      • Rockinghamia
      • Trewia (also called Canschi, Trevia)

• • Tribe Adelieae (5 genera)
    • • Adelia (also called Ricinella)
      • Crotonogynopsis
      • Enriquebeltrania (also called Beltrania)
      • Lasiocroton
      • Leucocroton

• • Tribe Agrostistachydeae (4 genera)
    • • Agrostistachys (also called Heterocalyx, Sarcoclinium)
      • Chondrostylis (also called Kunstlerodendron)
      • Cyttaranthus (also called Cyttarastachys)
      • Pseudagrostistachys

• • Tribe Alchorneae (2 subtribes, 9 genera)
    • Subtribe Alchorneinae
      • Alchornea (also called Bleekeria, Cladodes, Hermesia, Lepidoturus, Schousboea, Stipellaria)
      • Aparisthium
      • Bocquillonia (also called Ramelia)
      • Bossera
      • Caelebogyne (also called Coelebogyne)
      • Orfilea (also called Diderotia, Laurembergia)
    • Subtribe Conceveibinae
      • Conceveiba (also called Conceveibastrum, Conceveibum, Veconcibea)
      • Gavarretia
      • Polyandra

• • Tribe Ampereae (2 genera)
    • • Amperea (also called Leptomeria)
      • Monotaxis (also called Hippocrepandra, Reissipa)

• • Tribe Bernardieae (6 genera)
    • • Adenophaedra
      • Amyrea
      • Bernardia (also called Alevia, Bernarda, Bernhardia, Bivonia, Passaea, Phaedra, Polyboea, Traganthus, Tyria)
      • Discocleidion
      • Necepsia (also called Neopalissya, Palissya)
      • Paranecepsia

• • Tribe Caryodendreae (3 genera)
    • • Alchorneopsis
      • Caryodendron (also called Centrodiscus)
      • Discoglypremna

• • Tribe Chaetocarpeae (2 genera)
    • • Chaetocarpus (also called Gaedawakka, Mettenia, Neochevaliera, Regnaldia)
      • Trigonopleura (also called Peniculifera)

• • Tribe Cheiloseae (2 genera)
    • • Cheilosa
      • Neoscortechinia (also called Alcineanthus, Scortechinia)

• • Tribe Chrozophoreae (4 subtribes, 12 genera)
    • Subtribe Chrozophorinae
      • Chrozophora (also called Crossophora, Crozophora, Ricinoides, Tournesol, Tournesolia)
    • Subtribe Ditaxinae
      • [[Argythamnia (also called Argithamnia, Argothamnia, Argyrothamnia, Argytamnia, Odotalon, Serophyton)
      • Caperonia (also called Acanthopyxis, Androphoranthus, Cavanilla, Lepidococea, Meterana)
      • Chiropetalum (also called Aonikena, Desfontaena, Desfontaina, Desfontainea)
      • Ditaxis (also called Aphora, Paxiuscula, Stenonia)
      • Phylira (also called Phyllera)
    • Subtribe Doryxylinae
      • Doryxylon (also called Sumbavia)
      • Melanolepis (also called Mercadoa)
      • Sumbaviopsis (also called Adisa, Adisca)
      • Thyrsanthera
    • Subtribe Speranskiinae
      • Speranskia

Annual Mercury (Mercurialis annua)

• • Tribe Clutieae (1 genus)
    • • Clutia (also called Altora, Cluytia, Clytia)
      • Kleinodendron - a new genus

• • Tribe Dicoelieae (1 genus)
    • • Dicoelia

• • Tribe Epiprineae (2 subtribes, 9 genera)
    • Subtribe Epiprininae
      • Adenochlaena (also called Niedenzua, Centrostylis)
      • Cephalocroton
      • Cephalocrotonopsis
      • Cladogynos (also called Adenogynum, Baprea, Chloradenia)
      • Cleidiocarpon (also called Sinopimelodendron) - a new genus discovered in Guangxi.
      • Epiprinus
      • Koilodepas (also called Caelodepas, Calpigyne, Coelodepas, Nephrostylus)
      • Symphyllia
    • Subtribe Cephalomappinae
      • Cephalomappa (also called Muricococcum)

• • Tribe Erismantheae (3 genera)
    • • Erismanthus
      • Moultonianthus
      • Syndyophyllum

• • Tribe Galearieae (3 genera, this tribe sometimes stands alone to form family Pandaceae, together with the tribe Centroplaceae)
    • • Galearia (also called Bennettia, Cremostachys)
      • Microdesmis (also called Tetragyne)
      • Panda (also called Porphyranthus)

• • Tribe Omphaleae (1 genus)
    • • Omphalea (also called Duchola, Hebecocca, Hecatea, Neomphalea, Omphalandria, Ronnowia)

• • Tribe Pereae (1 genus)
    • • Pera

• • Tribe Plukenetieae (2 subtribes, 13 genera)
    • Subtribe Plukenetiinae
      • Angostylis (also called Angostyles)
      • Astrococcus
      • Plukenetia (also called Accia, Angostylidium, Apopandra, Botryanthe, Ceratococcus, Elaeophora, Eleutherostigma, Fragariopsis, Hedraiostylis, Pseudotragia, Pterococcus, Sajorum, Tetracarpidium or Vigia)
      • Haematostemon
      • Romanoa (also called Anabaena, Anabaenella)
    • Subtribe Tragiinae
      • Acidoton (also called Durandeeldia, Gitara)
      • Cenesmon (also called Cnesmone, Cnesmosa)
      • Megistostigma (also called Clavistylus)
      • Pachystylidium
      • Platygyna (also called Acanthocaulon)
      • Sphaerostylis
      • Tragia (also called Agirta, Allosandra, Bia, Ctenomeria, Lassia, Leptobotrys, Leptorhachis, Leucandra, Schorigeram, Zuckertia)
      • Tragiella

• • Tribe Pogonophoreae (1 genera)
    • • Pogonophora (also called Poraresia)

• • Tribe Pycnocomeae (2 subtribes, 7 genera)
    • Subtribe Blumeodendrinae
      • Blumeodendron
      • Botryophora (also called Botryospora, Botryphora)
      • Podadenia
      • Ptychopyxis (also called Clarorivinia)
    • Subtribe Pycnocominae
      • Argomuellera (also called Neopycnocoma, Weitriaria)
      • Droceloncia
      • Pycnocoma (also called Comopyena)

• • Tribe Sphyranthereae (1 genus)
    • • Sphyranthera

• Subfamily Crotonoideae

• • Tribe Adenoclineae (2 subtribes, 6 genera)
    • Subtribe Adenoclininae
      • Adenocline (also called Adenoclina, Diplostylis, Paradenocline)
      • Ditta
      • Glycydendron
      • Klaineanthus
      • Tetrorchidium (also called Hasskarlia, Tetrorchidiopsis)
    • Subtribe Endosperminae
      • Endospermum (also called Capellenia)

• • Tribe Aleuritideae (6 subtribes, 17 genera)
    • Subtribe Aleuritinae
      • Aleurites (also called Camirium)
      • Reutealis
      • Vernicia (also called Ambinux, Dryandra, Elaeococca)
    • Subtribe Benoistiinae
      • Benoistia
    • Subtribe Crotonogyninae
      • Crotonogyne (also called Neomanniophyton)
      • Cyrtogonone
      • Manniophyton
    • Subtribe Garciinae
      • Garcia (also called Carcia)
    • Subtribe Grosserinae
      • Anomalocalyx
      • Cavacoa
      • Domohinea
      • Grossera
      • Neoholstia (also called Holstia)
      • Sandwithia
      • Tannodia
      • Tapoides
    • Subtribe Neoboutoniinae
      • Neoboutonia

• • Tribe Codiaeae (16 genera)
    • • Acidocroton
      • Baliospermum
      • [Baloghia]] (also called Steigeria)
      • Blachia (also called Deonia)
      • Codiaeum (also called Crozophylla, Junghuhnia, Phyllaurea, Synaspisma)
      • Colobocarpos - a new genus was discovered recently in Southeast Asia, which means that its exact relationship with other genera is still uncertain.
      • Dimorphocalyx
      • Dodecastigma
      • Fontainea
      • Hylandia
      • Ophellantha
      • Ostodes
      • Pantadenia
      • Parapantadenia
      • Sagotia
      • Strophioblachia

• • Tribe Crotoneae (4 genera)
    • • Croton (also called Agelandra, Aldinia, Angelandra, Anisepta, Anisophyllum, Argyra, Argyrodendron, Astraea, Astrogyne, Aubertia, Banalia, Barhamia, Brachystachys, Calypteriopetalon, Cascarilla, Centrandra, Cieca, Cleodora, Codonocalyx, Comatocroton, Crotonanthus, Crotonopsis, Cyclostigma, Decarinium, Drepadenium, Eluteria, Engelmannia, Eremocarpus, Eutrophia, Friesia, Furcaria, Geiseleria, Gynamblosis, Halecus, Hendecandas, Heterochlamys, Heptallon, Heterocroton, Julocroton, Klotzschiphytum, Kurkas, Lasiogyne, Leucadenia, Leptemon, Leucadenia, Luntia, Macrocroton, Medea, Merleta, Monguia, Myriogomphus, Ocalia, Oxydectes, Palanostigma, Penteca, Pilinophyton, Piscaria, Pleopadium, Podostachys, Saipania, Schradera, Semilta, Tiglium, Timandra, Tridesmis, Triplandra, Vandera)
      • Mildbraedia (also called Neojatropha, Plesiotropha)
      • Moacroton (also called Cubacroton)
      • Paracroton (also called Desmostemon, Fahrenheitia)

• • Tribe Elateriospermeae (1 genus)
    • • Elateriospermum (also called Elaterioides, Elaterispermum)

• • Tribe Gelonieae (2 genera)
    • • Cladogelonium
      • Suregada (also called Ceratophorus, Erythrocarpus, Gelonium, Owataria)

• • Tribe Jatropheae (8 genera)
    • • Annesijoa
      • Deutzianthus
      • Jatropha (also called Adenorhopium, Adenoropium, Castiglionia, Collenucia, Curcas, Jatropa, Loureira, Mesandrinia, Mozinna, Zimapania)
      • Joannesia (also called Anda, Andicus)
      • Leeuwenbergia
      • Loerzingia
      • Oligoceras
      • Vaupesia

• • Tribe Manihoteae (2 genera)
    • • Cnidoscolus (also called Bivonea, Jussieuia, Mandioca, Victorinia) - spurge nettle
      • Manihot (also called Hotnima, Janipha, Manihotoides)

• • Tribe Micrandreae (2 subtribes, 4 genera)
    • Subtribe Heveinae
      • Hevea (also called Caoutchoua, Micrandra, Siphonanthus, Siphonia)
    • Subtribe Micrandrinae
      • Cunuria
      • Micrandra (also called Clusiophyllum, Pogonophyllum)
      • Micrandropsis

• • Tribe Ricinocarpeae (2 subtribes, 7 genera)
    • Subtribe Bertyinae
      • Bertya (also called Lambertya)
      • Borneodendron
      • Cocconerion
      • Myricanthe
    • Subtribe Ricinocarpinae
      • Alphandia
      • Beyeria (also called Beyeriopsis, Calyptrostigma, Clavipodium)
      • Ricinocarpus (also called Echinosphaera, Ricinocarpus, Roeperia)

• • Tribe Ricinodendreae (1 genus)
    • • Ricinodendron
      • Schinziophyton

• • Tribe Trigonostemoneae (1 genus)
    • • Trigonostemon (also called Actephilopsis, Athroisma, Enchidium, Kurziodendron, Neotrigonostemon, Nepenthandra, Poilaniella, Prosartema, Silvaea, Telogyne, Tritaxis, Tylosepalum)

• Subfamily Euphorbioideae

• • Tribe Euphorbieae (3 subtribes, 12 genera)
    • Subtribe Anthosteminae
      • Anthostema
      • Dichostemma
    • Subtribe Euphorbiinae
      • Euphorbia (also called Ademo, Adenopetalum, Adenorima, Agaloma, Aklema, Alectoroctonum, Allobia, Anisophyllum, Anthacantha, Aplarina, Arthrothamnus, Bojeria, Ceraselma, Chamaesyce, Characias, Chylogala, Ctenadena, Cyathophora, Cystidospermum, Dactylanthes, Dematra, Desmonema, Dichrophyllum, Dichylium, Diplocyathium, Ditritra, Endoisila, Epurga, Esula, Euforbia, Eumecanthus, Euphorbiastrum, Euphorbiodendron, Euphorbiopsis, Euphorbium, Galarhoeus, Kanopikon Kobiosis, Lacanthis, Lathyris, Lepadena, Leptopus, Lophobios, Lyciopsis, Medusea, Nisomenes, Omalanthus, Ossifraga, Peccana, Petalandra, Pleuradena, Poinsettia, Pythius, Sclerocyathium, Sterigmanthe, Tithymalopsis, Tithymalus, Torfasadis, Treisia, Tricherostigma, Trichosterigma, Tumalis, Vallaris, Xamesike, Zalitea, Zygophyllidium)
      • Chamaesyce
      • Cubanthus
      • Elaeophorbia
      • Endadenium
      • Monadenium (also called Lortia, Stenadenium)
      • Pedilanthus (also called Crepidaria, Diadenaria, Hexadenia, Tithymaloides, Ventenatia)
      • Synadenium
    • Subtribe Neoguillauminiinae
      • Calycopeplus
      • Neoguillauminia

• • Tribe Hippomaneae (2 subtribes, 33 genera)
    • Subtribe Carumbiinae
      • Homalanthus (also called Carumbium, Dibrachion, Dibrachium, Duania, Wartmannia)
    • Subtribe Hippomaninae
      • Actinostemon
      • Adenopeltis
      • Anomostachys
      • Balakata
      • Bonania (also called Hypocoton)
      • Colliguaja
      • Conosapium
      • Dalembertia (also called Alcoceria)
      • Dendrocousinsia
      • Dendrothrix
      • Ditrysinia
      • Duvigneaudia
      • Excoecaria (also called Commia, Glyphostylus)
      • Falconeria
      • Grimmeodendron
      • Gymnanthes (also called Adenogyne, Ateramnus)
      • Hippomane (also called Mancanilla, Mancinella)
      • Mabea
      • Maprounea (also called Aegopicron, Aegopricon, Aegopricum)
      • Neoshirakia (also called Shirakia)
      • Pleradenophora
      • Pseudosenefeldera
      • Rhodothyrsus - a new genus discovered in South America.
      • Sapium (also called Carumbium, Gymnobothrys, Sapiopsis, Seborium, Shirakiopsis, Stillingfleetia, Taeniosapium) - Chinese tallow
      • Sclerocroton
      • Sebastiania (also called Clonostachys, Cnemidostachys, Elachocroton, Gussonia, Microstachys, Sarothrostachys, Tragiopsis)
      • Senefeldera
      • Senefelderopsis
      • Spegazziniophytum
      • Spirostachys
      • Stillingia (also called Gymnostillingia)
      • Triadica

• • Tribe Hureae (4 genera)
    • • Algernonia
      • Hura
      • Ophthalmoblapton
      • Tetraplandra (also called Dendrobryon)

• • Tribe Pachystromateae (1 genus)
    • • Pachystroma (also called Acantholoma)

• • Tribe Stomatocalyceae (2 subtribes, 4 genera)
    • Subtribe Hamilcoinae
      • Hamilcoa
      • Nealchornea
    • Subtribe Stomatocalycinae
      • Pimelodendron (also called Stomatocalyx)
      • Plagiostyles

• Subfamily Oldfieldioideae

• • Tribe Caletieae (4 subtribes, 14 genera)
    • Subtribe Dissiliariinae
      • Austrobuxus (also called Buraeavia, Bureaua, Choriophyllum)
      • Canaca
      • Choriceras
      • Dissiliaria
      • Longetia
      • Sankowskya
      • Whyanbeelia
    • Subtribe Hyaenanchinae
      • Hyaenanche (also called Toxicodendrum)
    • Subtribe Petalostigmatinae
      • Petalostigma (also called Xylococcus)
    • Subtribe Pseudanthinae
      • Kairothamnus
      • Micrantheum (also called Allenia, Caletia)
      • Neoroepera
      • Pseudanthus (also called Chorizotheca, Chrysostemon, Stachystemon)
      • Scagea

• • Tribe Picrodendreae (3 subtribes, 8 genera)
    • Subtrible Mischodontinae
      • Androstachys
      • Aristogeitonia (also called Paragelonium)
      • Mischodon
      • Stachyandra
      • Voatamalo
    • Subtribe Paiveusinae
      • Oldfieldia (also called Cecchia, Paivaeusa)
    • Subtribe Picrodendrinae
      • Parodiodendron
      • Picrodendron
      • Piranhea (also called Celaenodendron)

• • Tribe Podocalyceae (3 subtribes, 3 genera)
    • SubtribeParadrypetinae
      • Paradrypetes
    • Subtribe Tetracoccinae
      • Tetracoccus (also called Halliophytum)
    • Subtribe Podocalycinae
      • Podocalyx

• Former subfamily Phyllanthoides (now family Phyllanthaceae)

• • Tribe Amanoeae (2 genera)
    • • Amanoa (also called Micropetalum)
      • Pentabrachion

• • Tribe Antidesmeae (5 subtribes, 19 genera)
    • Subtribe Antidesminae
      • Antidesma (also called Bestram, Coulejia, Minutalia, Rhytis, Rubina, Stilago)
      • Celianella
      • Hieronyma (also called Hieronima, Hyeronima, Stilaginella)
      • Leptonema
      • Thecacoris (also called Baccaureopsis, Cyathogyne, Henribaillonia)
    • Subtribe Porantherinae
      • Oreoporanthera
      • Poranthera
    • Subtribe Scepinae
      • Apodiscus
      • Aporosa (also called Aporusa, Leiocarpus, Lepidostachys, Scepa, Tetractinostigma)
      • Ashtonia
      • Baccaurea (also called Adenocrepis, Calyptroon, Coccomelia, Everettiodendron, Gatnaia, Hedycarpus, Microsepala, Pierardia)
      • Distichirhops
      • Jablonskia
      • Maesobotrya (also called Staphysora)
      • Nothobaccaurea
      • Protomegabaria
      • Richeria (also called Bellevalia, Guarania)
    • Subtribe Spondianthinae
      • Spondianthus (also called Megabaria)
    • Subtribe Uapacinae
      • Uapaca (also called Canariastrum)

• • Tribe Bischofieae (1 genus)
    • • Bischofia (also called Microelus, Stylodiscus)

• • Tribe Bridelieae (2 genera)
    • • Bridelia (also called Candelabria, Gentilia, Pentameria, Tzellemtinia)
      • Cleistanthus (also called Clistanthus, Godefroya, Kaluhaburunghos, Lebidiera, Lebidieropsis, Leiopyxis, Nanopetalum, Neogoetzia, Paracleisthus, Schistostigma, Stenonia, Stenoniella, Zenkerodendron)

• • Tribe Centroplaceae (1 genus, this tribe is sometimes placed in the Pandaceae, together with the tribe Galearieae)
    • • Centroplacus

• • Tribe Drypeteae (now family Putranjivaceae, 4 genera)
    • • Drypetes (also called Anaua, Astylis, Brexiopsis, Calyptosepalum, Cyclostemon, Discophis, Dodecastemon, Freireodendron, Guya, Hemicyclia, Humblotia, Laneasagum, Liparena, Liparene, Palenga, Paracasearia, Periplexis, Pycnosandra, Riseleya)
      • Lingelsheimia (also called Aerisilvaea, Danguyodrypetes, Sphragidia, Stelechanteria)
      • Putranjiva (also called Liodendron)
      • Sibangea

• • Tribe Hymenocardieae (2 genera)
    • • Didymocistus
      • Hymenocardia

• • Tribe Martretieae (1 genus)
    • • Martretia

• • Tribe Phyllantheae (6 subtribes, 18 genera)
    • Subtribe Andrachinae
      • Andrachne (also called Eraeliss, Thelypotzium)
    • Subtribe Astrocasiinae
      • Astrocasia
    • Subtribe Flueggeinae
      • Breynia (also called Foersteria, Forsteria, Melanthes, Melanthesa, Melanthesopsis)
      • Flueggea (also called Acidoton, Bessera, Colmeiroa, Geblera, Neowawraea, Pleiostemon, Villanova)
      • Glochidion (also called Agyneia, Bradleia, Bradleja, Coccoglochidion, Diasperus, Episteira, Glochidionopsis, Glochisandra, Gynoon, Lobocarpus, Pseudoglochidion, Tetraglochidion, Zarcoa)
      • Margaritaria (also called Calococcus, Prosorus, Wurtzia, Zygospermum)
      • Phyllanthus (also called Anisonema, Aporosella, Arachnodes, Ardinghalia, Asterandra, Cathetus, Ceramanthus, Chorisandra, Cicca, Clambus, Conami, Dendrophyllanthus, Dicholactina, Dimorphocladium, Emblica, Epistylium, Eriococcus, Fluggeopsis, Genesiphylla, Hemicicca, Hemiglochidion, Kirganelia, Leichhardtia, Lomanthes, Maborea, Macraea, Menarda, Mirobalanus, Moeroris, Nellica, Niruri, Nymania, Nymphanthus, Orbicularia, Oxalistylis, Ramsdenia, Reidia, Rhopium, Roigia, Scepasma, Staurothylax, Synexemia, Tricarium, Uranthera, Urinaria, Williamia, Xylophylla)
      • Reverchonia
      • Richeriella
      • Sauropus (also called Aalius, Breyniopsis, Ceratogynum, Diplomorpha, Heterocalymnantha, Hexadena, Hexaspermum, Ibina, Synastemon, Synostemon)
    • Subtribe Leptopinae
      • Leptopus (also called Arachne, Chorisandrachne, Hexakestra, Hexakistra)
    • Subtribe Pseudolachnostylidinae
      • Chascotheca (also called Chaenotheca)
      • Keayodendron
      • Meineckia (also called Cluytiandra, Neopeltandra, Peltandra)
      • Pseudolachnostylis
      • Zimmermannia
      • Zimmermanniopsis
    • Subtribe Securineginae
      • Securinega

• • Tribe Wielandieae (10 genera)
    • • Actephila (also called Anomospermum, Lithoxylon)
      • Blotia
      • Chonocentrum
      • Discocarpus
      • Gonatogyne
      • Heywoodia
      • Lachnostylis
      • Petalodiscus
      • Savia (also called Charidia, Geminaria, Kleinodendron, Maschalanthus)
      • Wielandia

• Genera of unclear position

The genus Tacarcuna is a part of this subfamily but does not seem to belong to any particular tribe. The genus Phyllanoa is usually classified in the tribe Antidesmeae but some experts suggest it belongs to the family Violaceae. White-laced Euphorbia (Euphorbia leucocephala). ... White-laced Euphorbia (Euphorbia leucocephala). ... Species Acalypha hispida : Chenille Plant, Philippine Medusa, Red-hot Cattail Acalypha is a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae. ... Father Juan Ignacio Molina (June 24, 1740 - September 12, 1829) was a Chilean priest and naturalist. ... Binomial name Ricinus communis The castor bean (Ricinus communis) is not a true bean, but a member of the Euphorbiaceae or spurge family. ... Binomial name Ricinus communis The castor bean (Ricinus communis) is not a true bean, but a member of the Euphorbiaceae or spurge family. ... Species Mallotus apelta Mallotus barbatus Mallotus hookerianus Mallotus paniculatus Mallotus peltatus Mallotus philippensis Mallotus repandus Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. ... In Greek mythology, Phaedra was the mother of Demophon and Acamas by Theseus. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1500, 129 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1500, 129 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Clytia or Clytie was a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys in Greek mythology. ... Guangxi (Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi; Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigi or (old orthography) Gvaŋзsiƅ Bouчcueŋƅ Sɯcigi) is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Genera See text The family Pandaceae gathers up 4 genera that are usually distributed in different families. ... Panda is tha act of having sex with another persons ear ... Pera was a suburb of Constantinople, located north of the Golden Horn, and is now part of the Istanbul district of Galata. ... Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, found as plankton. ... In Greek mythology, Bia (force) was the personification of force, daughter of Pallas and Styx. ... Species See text Aleurites is a small arborescent genus of plants in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, the Pacific and South America, belonging to the Spurge family Euphorbiaceae. ... Species V. fordii The genus Vernicia Lour, a synonym for Aleurites and commonly known as candlenut, is a group of shrubs or trees. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... In Greek mythology, Astraea (star-maiden) was a daughter of Zeus and Themis. ... Medea by Evelyn De Morgan In Greek mythology Medea was the daughter of King Aeetes (Georgian Ayeti) of Colchis (Georgian Kolkheti, now a territory of modern Georgia) and niece of Circe, and later wife to Jason. ... Species Approximately 175, see text Jatropha is a genus of aproximately 175 evergreen succulents, shrubs and trees from the family Euphorbiaceae. ... Binomial name Cnidoscolus stimulosus Spurge nettle (Cnidolscolus stimulosus), also known as Tread-softly, is a perennial herb covered with stinging hairs that is native to southeastern North America. ... From the Tupi (Brazilian indians) manioca; a root used to make flour. ... Binomial name Cnidoscolus stimulosus Spurge nettle (Cnidolscolus stimulosus), also known as Tread-softly, is a perennial herb covered with stinging hairs that is native to southeastern North America. ... Latex being collected from a wounded rubber tree The Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Binomial name Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ... Pythius is a Lydian who’s mentioned in book vii of Herodotus Histories, 27-29 and 38-39. ... Mabea may refer to: One of the Maka-Njem ethnic groups of Cameroon; A genus of the Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) of flowering plants. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Binomial name Sapium sebiferum Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) originates in eastern Asia where the waxy coating of the seeds is used for candle and soap making, and the leaves are used as herbal medicine to treat boils. ... Binomial name Sapium sebiferum Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) originates in eastern Asia where the waxy coating of the seeds is used for candle and soap making, and the leaves are used as herbal medicine to treat boils. ... Hura (in Hebrew: חורה) is an Bedouin village, located near to Beersheva. ... Genera see text The family Phyllanthaceae comprises 1725 species of trees, shrubs and herbs distributed in all tropical regions of the world. ... Species See text Amanoa is a neotropical genus from the subfamily Phyllantoidea in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). ... Species see text Antidesma is a genus of about 100 tropical plants from the Spurge family Euphorbiaceae. ... Genera See text The family Pandaceae gathers up 4 genera that are usually distributed in different families. ... Genera The rosid family Putranjivaceae is composed of 210 species of evergreen tropical trees distributed into 3 genera. ... Fluggea is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, comprising several much-ramified shrubs distributed throughout the Eastern hemispheres tropical zones. ... Villanova University is a Roman Catholic university in Villanova, Penn. ... Species see text The genus of Phyllanthus, belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae, comprises trees, bushes, and annual or biennial herbs distributed in all tropical and subtropical regions on Earth. ... Species see text The genus Sauropus of the Phyllanthaceae family, with 40 species, comprises of herbs, shrub or subshrubs, sometimes having woody bases. ... Arachne, or Arakhne was a woman from Greek mythology. ... Genera Agatea Allexis Amphirrhox Anchietea Corynostylis Decorsella Fusispermum Gloeospermum Hybanthus Hymenanthera Isodendron Leonia Mayanaea Melicytus Noisettia Orthion Paypayrola Rinorea Rinoreocarpus Schweiggeria Viola Violaceae is a family of flowering plants. ...

References

• Data from GRIN Taxonomy (http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/family.pl?433)
• Watson, L., and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The Families of Flowering Plants: (http://delta-intkey.com/angio) Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information Retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com