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Encyclopedia > European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

Contents

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe. It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties (thus excluding languages used by recent immigrants from other states), which significantly differ from the majority or official language (thus excluding mere local dialects of the official or majority language) and which either have a territorial basis (and are therefore traditionally spoken by populations of regions or areas within the State) or are used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole (thereby including such languages as Yiddish and Romani, which are used over a wide geographic area). Single European Act A treaty is a binding agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Council of Europe Flag: used by the Council of Europe The Council of Europe () is an international organization of 46 member states in the European region (with Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, Georgia and Cyprus also extending into Southwest Asia and Russia into North Asia). ... A regional language is a language spoken in a part of a country - it may be a small area, a federal state or province, or a wider area. ... A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a country. ... This article is very long. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... Yiddish (Yid. ... Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ...


Languages which are official within regions or provinces or federal units within a State (for example Catalan in Spain) are not classified as official languages of the State and may therefore benefit from the Charter. On the other hand, the Republic of Ireland has not been able to sign the Charter on behalf of the Irish language (although a minority language) as it is defined as the first official language of the state. The United Kingdom has, though, ratified the Charter in respect of (among other languages) Irish in Northern Ireland. France, although a signatory, has been constitutionally blocked from ratifying the Charter in respect of the languages of France. Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Land of Valencia (under the name of Valencian) and the Balearic Islands in Spain, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian... Irish () is a Goidelic language spoken in Ireland. ... Anthem: UK: God Save the Queen Regional: (de facto) Londonderry Air Capital Belfast Largest city Belfast Official languages English (de facto), Irish, Ulster Scots 3, BSL, NISL, ISL Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Ian Paisley  - Deputy First Minister... There are a number of languages of France. ...


The charter provides a large number of different actions state parties can take to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages. There are two levels of protection—all signatories must apply the lower level of protection to qualifying languages; signatories may further declare that a qualifying language or languages will benefit from the higher level of protection which lists a range of actions from which states must agree to undertake at least 35.


Languages protected under the Charter

The countries which have ratified the the Charter and the languages for which the ratification was made are the following:

Flag of Armenia Armenia ratification: 25 January 2002 Image File history File links Flag_of_Armenia. ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...


Flag of Austria Austria ratification: 28 June 2001[1] Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is a modern Eastern Aramaic or Syriac language. ... The Yezidi or Yazidi (Kurdish; Êzidî) are adherents of a small Middle Eastern religion with ancient origins. ... The Kurdish language is a language spoken in the region called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Flag of Croatia Croatia ratification: 5 November 1997 Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or FelsÅ‘Å‘rvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost state or Land of Austria. ... Carinthia (German Kärnten) is an Austrian state or Land, located in the south of Austria. ... Styria (Steiermark in German, Štajerska in Slovenian) can refer to: Styria - a federal state of Austria Styria - an informal province in Slovenia Styria - a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and crownland of Austria-Hungary This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


 Cyprus ratification: 26 August 2002 Serbian (српски језик; srpski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs everywhere. ... Ruthenian was a historic East Slavic language, spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and after 1569 in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cyprus_(bordered). ... August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...


 Czech Republic ratification: 15 November 2006 Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic_(bordered). ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

  • Slovak (parts II and III, across the whole territory)
  • Polish (part II; and part III in Moravia-Silesia, in districts Frydek-Místek and Karviná)
  • German (part II only)
  • Romani (part II only)


Flag of Denmark Denmark ratification: 8 September 2000[2] Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. ... Frýdek-Místek District (Czech: , Polish: ) is a district (okres) within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. ... Karviná District (Czech: , Polish: ) is a district (okres) within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. ... Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


 Finland ratification: 9 November 1994 South Jutland (Danish: Sønderjylland) can refer to several meanings: the former duchy of Schleswig (sometimes including Fehmarn) a Danish county Sønderjyllands Amt Category: ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland_(bordered). ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ...


Flag of Germany Germany ratification: 16 September 1998[3] Sami is a general name for a group of Finno-Ugric languages spoken in parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, in Northern Europe. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ...


Flag of Hungary Hungary ratification: 26 April 1995 Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 Bundesländer in Germany. ... Upper Sorbian (hornjoserbsce) is a minority language of Germany spoken in the historical province of Upper Lusatia, today part of Saxony. ... The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stat Sakska) has a land area of 18,413 km² and a population of 4. ... Lower Sorbian (dolnoserbski) is a minority language spoken in eastern Germany in the historical province of Lower Lusatia, today part of Brandenburg. ...   (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ... North Frisian is a minority language of Germany, spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... Romany (or Romani) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romany language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Low German (in Low German, Platt(düütsch) or Nedderdüütsch) is any of a variety of West Germanic languages spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. ... Bremen, see Bremen (disambiguation). ... Hamburg from above Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (German: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) is a state in northern Germany. ... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 Bundesländer in Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hungary. ... April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (117th in leap years). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Flag of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein ratification: 18 November 1997 Serbian (српски језик; srpski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs everywhere. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Liechtenstein. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

  • No regional or minority languages


Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg ratification: 22 June 2005 Image File history File links Flag_of_Luxembourg. ... June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

  • (to be confirmed)[4]


Flag of Montenegro Montenegro ratification: 15 February 2006 Image File history File links Flag_of_Montenegro. ... Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, the bright dawn of May Montenegro() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city)  Podgorica Official languages Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Government Republic  - President Filip Vujanović  - Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence from Serbia and Montenegro   - Declared June 3, 2006   - Recognised June 8, 2006  Area... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

Flag of Netherlands Netherlands ratification: 2 May 1996 Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...


Flag of Norway Norway ratification: 10 November 1993 Frisian is a Germanic group of closely related languages, spoken by about half a million members of Frisian ethnic groups living on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany. ... Capital Leeuwarden Queens Commissioner drs. ... Limburgish, or Limburgian or Limburgic (Dutch: Limburgs, German: Limburgisch, French: Limbourgeois) is a group of Franconian varieties, spoken in the Limburg and Rhineland regions, near the common Dutch / Belgian / German border. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Yiddish (Yid. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...


 Serbia ratification: 15 February 2006 Sami is a general name for a group of Finno-Ugric languages spoken in parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, in Northern Europe. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Serbia_(state)_(bordered). ... Anthem: Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city)  Belgrade Official languages Serbian written with the Cyrillic alphabet1 Government Parliamentary republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 8th century   -  Independence c. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...


 Slovakia ratification: 5 September 2001 Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Ruthenian was a historic East Slavic language, spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and after 1569 in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... The Slovak language (slovenčina, slovenský jazyk) is an Indo-European language, more precisely a West Slavic language (together with mainly the Czech, Polish, and Sorbian languages). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovakia_(bordered). ... September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years). ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


 Slovenia ratification: 4 October 2000 Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Ruthenian was a historic East Slavic language, spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and after 1569 in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovenia_(bordered). ... October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Flag of Spain Spain ratification: 9 April 2001 Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Flag of Sweden Sweden ratification: 9 February 2000 Basque (native name: Euskara) is the language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain and the adjoining region of South-Western France. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... For the traditional overall Basque domain, see Basque Country (historical territory). ... Capital Pamplona (Basque: Iruña) Official language(s) Spanish; Basque co-official in the north of community. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Land of Valencia (under the name of Valencian) and the Balearic Islands in Spain, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official language(s) Spanish and Catalan Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... Anthem: Els Segadors Capital Barcelona Official language(s) Catalan, Spanish and Aranese Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 6th  32,114 km²  6. ... for the cycling team, see Comunitat Valenciana (cycling team). ... Galician (Galician: galego, IPA: ) is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community with the constitutional status of historic nationality, located in northwestern Spain and small bordering zones in neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castilla y León. ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Flag of Switzerland Switzerland ratification: 23 December 1997 Meänkieli (lit. ... Sami is a general name for a group of Finno-Ugric languages spoken in parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, in Northern Europe. ... Romani (or Romany) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, peoples often referred to in English as Gypsies. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. ... Yiddish (Yid. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (358th in leap years). ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Flag of Ukraine Ukraine ratification: 19 September 2005 Romansh (also spelled Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche) is any of the various Rhaetian languages spoken in Switzerland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... September 19 is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

  • (To be confirmed)[5]


Flag of United Kingdom United Kingdom ratification : 27/3/2001 Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ...

This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... // Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Isle of Man Data code: IM Dependency status: British crown dependency Government type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Douglas, Isle of Man Administrative divisions: there are 24 local authorities each with its own elections Independence: none (British crown dependency) National holiday: Tynwald Day... Scots refers to the Anglic varieties spoken in parts of Scotland. ... Ulster Scots, also known as Ullans, Hiberno-Scots, or Scotch-Irish, refers to the variety of Scots spoken in parts of the province of Ulster, which spans the six counties of Northern Ireland and three of the Republic of Ireland. ...

Notes

  1. ^ Austria has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific Länder
  2. ^ Notes Verbales accompanying the Danish ratification specified that, whilst the Charter was not going to be ratified in respect of the two languages, Faroese and Greenlandic are each official in their respective territories
  3. ^ Germany has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific Länder
  4. ^ Luxembourg is not listed on the Council of Europe site
  5. ^ As of March 2007, Ukraine's entry on the on the Council of Europe site does not list the languages in respect of which the Republic of Ukraine has ratified the Charter.

Since Austria is a federal republic according to the constitutional framework of Austrian politics, Austrias nine provinces are customarily referred to as States of Austria or Bundesländer, singular Bundesland. ... Germany is a Federal Republic made up of 16 States, known in German as Länder (singular Land). ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 2007 is the third month of the year. ...

See also

European languages are the object of Eurolinguistics. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wikisource. ... Chameleon, a symbol of the multilingualism of the European Union. ... This is an article about language policy in France. ... The Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights is a document signed by Unesco, the PEN Clubs, and several non-governmental organizations in 1996 to support linguistic rights, especially those of endangered languages. ...

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

 

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