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Encyclopedia > European Pressurized Reactor
Computer generated view of a European Pressurized Reactor power plant
The same plant seen in another view
The same plant seen in another view

The European Pressurized Reactor (EPR or US-EPR for the United States specific design) is a third generation nuclear fission pressurized water reactor (PWR) design. It has been designed and developed mainly by Framatome (Areva NP) and Electricité de France (EDF) in France, and Siemens AG in Germany. In Areva's webpage [2] this reactor is now called Evolutionary Power Reactor. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 562 pixelsFull resolution (999 × 702 pixel, file size: 100 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Computer designed picture of the planned European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) Published with the friendly permission of Framatome ANP, Germany Weblink: http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 562 pixelsFull resolution (999 × 702 pixel, file size: 100 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Computer designed picture of the planned European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) Published with the friendly permission of Framatome ANP, Germany Weblink: http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 562 pixelsFull resolution (999 × 702 pixel, file size: 90 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Computer designed picture of the planned European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) Published with the friendly permission of Framatome ANP, Germany Weblink: http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 562 pixelsFull resolution (999 × 702 pixel, file size: 90 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Computer designed picture of the planned European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) Published with the friendly permission of Framatome ANP, Germany Weblink: http://www. ... A generation III reactor is a development of any of the generation II nuclear reactor designs incorporating evolutionary improvements in design which have been developed during the lifetime of the generation II reactor designs, such as improved fuel technology, passive safety systems and standardised design. ... Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) (also VVER if of Russian design) are generation II nuclear power reactors that use ordinary water under high pressure as coolant and neutron moderator. ... AREVA (Euronext: CEI) is a France-based multinational industrial conglomerate that deals in energy, especially in nuclear power. ... Électricité de France (EDF) is the main electricity generation and distribution company in France. ... Siemens AG (ISIN: DE0007236101, FWB: SIE, NYSE: SI) is one of the worlds largest technology companies. ... AREVA (Euronext: CEI) is a France-based multinational industrial conglomerate that deals in energy, especially in nuclear power. ...


As of 2007, two units were under construction, one each in Finland and in France, and two units were planned as part of China's tenth economic plan, to start construction in 2009. 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

Contents

Design

The main design objectives of the EPR design are increased safety while providing enhanced economic competitiveness through evolutionary improvements to previous PWR designs scaled up to an electrical power output of 1600 MWe. The reactor can use 5% enriched uranium oxide or mixed uranium plutonium oxide fuel. This reactor's core can be loaded with 100% MOX fuel, whereas a typical PWR core can loaded with only about 33% MOX fuel. MWe and MWt are units for measuring the output of a power plant. ... These pie-graphs showing the relative proportions of uranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) at different levels of enrichment. ... Mixed oxide, or MOX fuel, is a blend of plutonium and natural uranium or depleted uranium which behaves similarly (though not identically) to the enriched uranium feed for which most nuclear reactors were designed. ...


The EPR design has several active and passive protection measures against accidents:

  • Four independent emergency cooling systems, each capable of cooling down the reactor after shutdown.
  • Leaktight container around the reactor.
  • An extra container and cooling area if a molten core manages to escape the reactor (see containment building).
  • Two-layer concrete wall with total thickness 2.6 meters, designed to withstand impact by airplanes.

The EPR has a maximum core damage frequency of 4 x 10-7 per plant per year. [1] A containment building, in its most common usage, is a steel or concrete structure enclosing a nuclear reactor. ...


Pilot power plant

The Olkiluoto 3 [2] power plant in Finland, initially scheduled to go on line in 2009 [3], will be the first EPR reactor built. The construction will be a joint effort of French Areva and German Siemens AG through their common subsidiary Areva NP, for Finnish operator TVO. The power plant will cost about €3.7 billion. [4] The Olkiluoto island with two existing and one planned nuclear power plant Olkiluoto is an island located in western Finland in the municipality of Eurajoki. ... 2009 (MMIX) will be a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... AREVA (Euronext: CEI) is a France-based multinational industrial conglomerate that deals in energy, especially in nuclear power. ... Siemens AG (ISIN: DE0007236101, FWB: SIE, NYSE: SI) is one of the worlds largest technology companies. ... “EUR” redirects here. ...


Progress

In May 2006 construction delays of about one year were announced, following quality control problems across the construction. In part the delays were due to the lack of oversight of subcontractors inexperienced in nuclear construction. [5] [6] The delays led to disappointing financial results for the Areva NP. It blamed delays on the Finnish approach to approving technical documentation and designs. [7] [8]


In December 2006 TVO announced construction was about 18 months behind schedule so completion was now expected 2010-2011, and there were reports that Areva was preparing to take a € 500 million charge on its accounts for the delay.[9] [10] “EUR” redirects here. ...


Future power plants

China

In 2006, there was a bidding in process to build four new EPR reactors to China [11], and an intent to market EPRs in the U.S. with Constellation Energy [12]. In April of 2006, Areva SA lost this bid in favour Westinghouse Electric Co. to build four AP1000 reactors, because of its refusal to transfer the expertise and knowledge to China. Nevertheless, in February 2007, Areva won another deal, worth $ 5 bn, for two other nuclear reactors located in Guangdong, in southern China in spite of sticking to its previous conditions. The local partner for this project is China Guangdong Nuclear Power Co. Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Constellation Energy (NYSE: CEG), headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland, generates, trades, supplies, and distributes energy. ... The AP1000 is a proposed passively safe pressurized water reactor designed and manufactured by Westinghouse Electric Company for nuclear power plants. ...


France

See also: Nuclear power in France

Subject to the result of Public Enquiry in 2006 and issue of a construction permit in 2007, a demonstration EPR reactor is being built in France in Flamanville in the Manche département, to be operational in 2012.[13] [14]. In France, as of 2002, EDF - the countrys main electricity generation and distribution company - produces about 78% of its electricity with 58 nuclear power plants (making it the leading world country by its amount of nuclear power plants). ... Flamanville is a commune in Manche, France. ... Manche is a French département in Normandy named after La Manche (the sleeve), which is the French name of the English Channel. ... 2012 (MMXII) will be a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Simultaneous protests were staged by Sortir du nucléaire in 5 French town (Rennes, Lyon, Toulouse, Lille, and Strasbourg) on March 17, 2007[15][16] Organizers claimed that a total of over 60,000 people attended the rallies.[15][15] [17] The Sortir du nucléaire (nuclear phase-out) network, is a federation of over 720 anti-nuclear groups. ... Some medieval houses, such as these at Champ-Jacquet, can still be found in the center of Rennes. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: (Franco-Provençal: Forward, forward, Lyon the best) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Rhône-Alpes Department Rhône (69) Subdivisions 9 arrondissements Intercommunality Urban Community of Lyon Mayor Gérard Collomb  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land... New city flag Traditional coat of arms Motto: – Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region Nord-Pas de Calais Department Nord (59) Intercommunality Urban Community of Lille Métropole Mayor Martine Aubry  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 39. ... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region Alsace Department Bas-Rhin (67) Intercommunality Urban Community of Strasbourg Mayor Fabienne Keller  (UMP) City Statistics Land area¹ 78. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...


United Kingdom

See also: Nuclear power in the United Kingdom

EDF said it will propose, in partnership with Areva, its European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) model of nuclear reactors to the UK government.[18] As of 2006, the United Kingdom has 23 nuclear reactors generating one-fifth of its electricity (19. ...


See also

Energy Portal

Image File history File links Portal. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Economics of new nuclear power plants is a controversial subject, since multi-billion dollar investments ride on the choice of an energy source. ... The Nuclear Power 2010 Program was unveiled by the U.S. Secretary of the Department of Energy on February 14, 2002 as one means towards addressing the expected need for new power plants. ... Nuclear energy policy is national and international policy concerning some or all aspects of nuclear energy, such as mining for nuclear fuel, extraction and processing of nuclear fuel from the ore, generating electricity by nuclear power, enriching and storing spent nuclear fuel and nuclear fuel reprocessing. ...

External links

  • Areva
  • Official EPR webpage
  • The EPR - Areva brochure
  • Dossier by the e-journal Internationalist Review about the future EPR site in Cherbourg, France in French
  • International Call against EPR
  • European Pressurised Reactor at Olkiluoto 3, Finland, Large & Associates (Consulting Engineers) for Greenpeace
  • Operational risks and hazards of the EPR when subject to aircraft crash, Large & Associates (Consulting Engineers) for Greenpeace
  • European Pressurised Reactor at Olkiluoto 3, Finland - Brief & Interim Review of the Porosity and Durability Properties of the In Situ Cast Concrete at the Olkiluoto EPR Construction Site, June 2006. Large & Associates (Consulting Engineers)

Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil. ... Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil. ...

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ OLKILUOTO 3 PROJECT by AREVA
  3. ^ CHRONOLOGY OF OLKILUOTO 3 PROJECT by AREVA
  4. ^ EPR IN FINLAND: FOUNDATION STONE-LAYING DAY AT OLKILUOTO 3 by AREVA
  5. ^ Regulator reports as OL3 delays reach one year, 19 July 2006, by Nuclear Engineering International
  6. ^ Concrete composition delays Finland's Olkiluoto 3, Nuclear Engineering International, 9 May 2006
  7. ^ Areva’s first half results hit by Olkiluoto 3 delays, 2 October 2006, by Nuclear Engineering International
  8. ^ European Pressurised Reactor at Olkiluoto 3, Finland - Brief & Interim Review of the Porosity and Durability Properties of the In Situ Cast Concrete at the Olkiluoto EPR Construction Site, June 2006, Large & Associates
  9. ^ Finland nuclear reactor delayed again, Business Week, 4 December 2006
  10. ^ Areva to take 500 mln eur charge for Finnish reactor delay, Forbes, 5 December 2006
  11. ^ Foreign energy giants bid for China's nuclear contracts, September 12, 2004, People's Daily Online
  12. ^ Unistar Nuclear, September 15, 2005
  13. ^ NUCLEAR NOTES FROM FRANCE Fall 2004, Embassy of France in the US
  14. ^ Large John H, Exploratory Review of the EdF Presentation in Support of the Proposal to Construct, Commission and Operate a 3rd Nuclear Power Plant at Flamanville, France, States of Jersey, August 2006
  15. ^ a b c "French protests over EPR", Nuclear Engineering International, 2007-04-03. Retrieved on 2007-04-10. 
  16. ^ "France hit by anti-nuclear protests", Evening Echo, 2007-04-03. Retrieved on 2007-04-10. 
  17. ^ "Anti-nuclear rallies fill French cities", AP News, 2007-03-17. Retrieved on 2007-04-10. 
  18. ^ "RPT EDF says will propose EPR nuclear reactors to UK in partnership with Areva", Forbes.com, 2007-05-23. Retrieved on 2007-05-23. 

  Results from FactBites:
 
ENS Glossary - EPR (43 words)
The EPR is characterized by further improved safety and economic efficiency.
The EPR is designed for an electric power of 1 600 MW.
A nuclear power plant with an EPR is under construction in Finland.
IEER: Energy & Security No. 9 / Science for Democratic Action V7N3: IEER's Alternative Strategy for Highly Radioactive ... (3961 words)
As the recent placement of wastes in WIPP without a state hazardous waste permit shows, spending a lot of money on a hole in the ground creates political pressure to open such repositories, no matter how environmentally unwise that might be.
It does not change the fact of the pressurized brine reservoirs in the area, or of the resources located there that make the possibility of human intrusion a severe problem at the site.
The chance of deliberate intrusion can be minimized by designing the repository and engineered barriers so that it would be technically and economically far more difficult to recover spent fuel and bring it to the surface than to build a new nuclear reactor to produce plutonium.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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