The European and North American Railway (E&NA) is the name for three historic Canadian and American railways which were built in New Brunswick and Maine. The following are reporting marks assigned by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) to rail carriers operating in North America and the companies (railroads and rail equipment owners/operators) to which they were assigned. ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Area 72,908 km² (8th)  - Land 71,450 km²  - Water 1,458 km² (2. ... State nickname: The Pine Tree State Other U.S. States Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci Official languages None Area 86,542 km² (39th)  - Land 80,005 km²  - Water 11,724 km² (13. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Rail gauge is the distance between two rails of a railroad. ... A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a metre. ... Mid-19th century tool for converting between different standards of the inch An inch is an Imperial unit of length. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... Events and Trends Technology The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Area 72,908 km² (8th)  - Land 71,450 km²  - Water 1,458 km² (2. ... State nickname: The Pine Tree State Other U.S. States Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci Official languages None Area 86,542 km² (39th)  - Land 80,005 km²  - Water 11,724 km² (13. ...

The idea of the E&NA as a single system was conceived at a railway conference in Portland, Me. in 1850 by railroad entrepreneur John A. Poor. The line was intended to link Portland (the eastern terminus of the US rail network) with an ice-free Atlantic port in Nova Scotia to connect with fast trans-Atlantic ships from Europe; the port at Halifax, N.S. was discussed as a possible eastern terminus for the line, as was Canso, N.S.. Waterfront of Portland along the Fore River Portland is the largest city in Maine with a population of 64,249 citizens as of 2000. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (One defends and the other conquers) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant Governor Myra A. Freeman Premier John Hamm (PC) Area 55,283 km² (12th)  - Land 53,338 km²  - Water 1,946 km² (3. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... {{Canadian City/Disable Field={{{Disable Motto Link}}}}} Motto: E Mari Merces (Wealth from the Sea) City Symbol: Kingfisher Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada Location. ... Canso is a small town in Canada. ...

The concept was also discussed throughout the early 1850s in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Maine as a means to connect the British colonies with the railway network of the United Province of Canada. Poor himself was also promoting a connection from Portland to Richmond and built the A&SL/SL&A, opening in 1853, the same year it was purchased by Grand Trunk. Poor stood to benefit from a dual flow of traffic from the Maritimes to New England and the Maritimes to the Canadas. Events and Trends Technology Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Science Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, putting forward the theory of evolution... Note: for information about Canadas present-day provinces, see Provinces of Canada. ... Richmond, population 3,424 (2001), is a town nestled amidst rolling farmlands on the Saint-François River between Sherbrooke, Quebec and Drummondville, in the heart of the Eastern Townships in Quebec, Canada. ... The Atlantic and St. ... The St. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Grand Trunk Railway logo or herald The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) was a historic railway system headquartered in Montreal, Quebec which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. ... The Maritimes or Maritime provinces is a region of Canada on the Atlantic coast, consisting of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. ... Modern New England, the six northeastern-most states of the United States, indicated by red The New England region of the United States is located in the northeastern corner of the country. ...

E&NA "Eastern Extension" (Saint John, N.B. to Shediac, N.B.)

The railway most commonly referred to as the E&NA in Canada was built between Saint John, N.B. and Shediac, N.B. as a segment of Poor's vision of a Portland-Nova Scotia line. Saint John is the largest city in the province of New Brunswick and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. ... Shediac, New Brunswick is a town located at a Latitude of 46°13 North and Longitude of 64°32 West in Shediac Parish, Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada on Northumberland Strait. ...

The initial ownership of the line is unclear, however the European and North American Railway Co. was incorporated in New Brunswick following the Portland conference with the intention being to start construction east toward Nova Scotia. Both Saint John, N.B. and St. Andrews, N.B. were vying for the E&NA to begin in their respective communities, however Saint John managed to convince the company to begin on the east side of the Saint John River. Saint John is the largest city in the province of New Brunswick and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. ... for the parish in New Brunswick with the same name see St. ... The St. ...

Saint John also managed to convince the company to forego plans to build into Nova Scotia by concentrating on reaching the Northumberland Strait first. This would give the city a steamship connection through the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Canada East, as well as allow coal and other goods from northeastern Nova Scotia avoid the circuitous and hazardous transit around Nova Scotia. The Northumberland Strait is a strait in the southern part of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in eastern North America. ... The Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the worlds largest estuary, is the outlet of North Americas Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean. ... Canada East (French, Canada-Est) was the eastern portion of the Province of Canada. ...

Construction started in 1853, heading northeast from Saint John up the Kennebecasis River valley. Unfortunately construction did not proceed very far and the company went bankrupt in 1856 with the colonial government of New Brunswick taking over the company's line in 1857. 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Kennebecasis River, pronounced ke-ne-buh-KAY-sis, is about 97 kilometres long and is in New Brunswick, Canada. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

That year saw construction proceed apace under a newly reincorporated government-owned European and North American Railway Co. Canada's first civil engineering graduate, H.G.C. Ketchum, from the University of New Brunswick, was employed in the surveying and construction of the line. Ketchum surveyed a high-capacity railway with long tangent sections and minimal grades between Saint John and Moncton. In modern usage, civil engineering is a broad field of engineering that deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures as they related to earth, water, or civilization and their processes. ... The University of New Brunswick (UNB) is located in New Brunswick, Canada. ...

The first section of the E&NA opened between Shediac and Moncton on August 20, 1857; a distance of 16.8 miles. Although the Shediac-Moncton section was the first part opened, the line was soon extended 2 miles east to the better wharf facilities at Point du Chene, N.B. The line had been surveyed to extend from Cape Brule, N.B., 2 miles further east of Point du Chene all the way to Saint John, however the sheltered harbour at Point du Chene won out over the more exposed Cape Brule location. August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Meanwhile the line between Hampton, N.B. and Saint John opened in 1859 and the remaining section between Moncton and Hampton was opened in 1860. Unfortunately the E&NA never progressed east from Moncton to its stated goal of Nova Scotia. By the late 1850s, the Nova Scotia Railway had already built a line from Halifax, N.S. to Truro, N.S. with a stated ambition of building westward to link with the E&NA in New Brunswick, thus the E&NA stook with its Saint John-Shediac line for several years. The missing link between Truro and Moncton was finally built by the Intercolonial Railway. The town of Hampton is nestled on the Lower Saint John River System, 30 km northeast of the City of Saint John, Canadas first and New Brunswicks largest city. ... 1859 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Events and Trends Technology Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Science Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, putting forward the theory of evolution... The Nova Scotia Railway was incorporated March 31, 1853 to build railway lines from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Pictou, Nova Scotia by way of Truro, Nova Scotia, from Halifax to Victoria Beach (near Digby, Nova Scotia by way of Windsor, Nova Scotia, and from Truro, Nova Scotia to the border... One of Truros tree sculptures Truro (2001 population 11,457; urban area population 44,276) is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. ... Intercolonial Railway of Canada logo or herald The Intercolonial Railway of Canada (IRC), also referred to as the Intercolonial Railway, was a historic Canadian railway. ...

The E&NA's "Eastern Extension" locomotive shops and headquarters were located in Shediac until it was taken over by the Intercolonial Railway, which then moved them to Moncton.

E&NA "Western Extension" (South Bay, N.B. to St. Croix, N.B.)

Less well-known was the railway most commonly referred to as the E&NA Western Extension which was built between South Bay, N.B. (immediately west of Saint John) and St. Croix, N.B. on the International Boundary. ...

In 1864, the colonial government in New Brunswick incorporated a company called the European and North American Railway Co. to build the "Western Extension" of the E&NA system. The 90 mile railway was subsequently surveyed later that year and a contract for construction was awarded to E.R. Burpee. On November 9, 1865 the first sod was turned at South Bay, N.B. by the mayor of Saint John. By August 14, 1869 the line was opened between South Bay and Hartts Mills, N.B. (later renamed Fredericton Junction). On November 17, 1869 the line was completely opened from the International Boundary at St. Croix east to Saint John. 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... November 17 is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece. ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... ...

E&NA "Maine" (Bangor, Me. to Vanceboro, Me.)

The E&NA incorporated in Maine as the European and North American Railway Co. following the Portland conference in 1850. Subsequent delays over the next 15 years saw its charter revised to run from Bangor, Me. to Vanceboro, Me. on the International Boundary opposite St. Croix, N.B. State nickname: The Pine Tree State Other U.S. States Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci Official languages None Area 86,542 km² (39th)  - Land 80,005 km²  - Water 11,724 km² (13. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Downtown Bangor, Maine Bangor is a city located in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. ... Vanceboro is a town located in Washington County, Maine. ...

Construction finally began with the section from Bangor to Olamon, Me. opening in 1868 and Olamon to Mattawamkeag, Me. opening in 1869. The 114 mile line was finally completed to Vanceboro, Me. in October 1871, linking the E&NA (Maine) to the E&NA (Western Extension) at Vanceboro-St. Croix. A ceremony celebrating completion of the line was attended at the boundary bridge crossing the St. Croix River (by U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant and Canadian Governer General Lord Lisgar. 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Mattawamkeag is a town located in Penobscot County, Maine. ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Vanceboro is a town located in Washington County, Maine. ... October is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The St. ... Ulysses S. Grant (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was a Union general in the American Civil War and the 18th (1869–1877) President of the United States. ... John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar (August 31, 1807 - October 6, 1876) was the second Governor General of Canada. ...

Synopsis of Portland-Halifax railway line

Although the entire Portland to Halifax line that was envisioned at the Portland conference in 1850 was not built by the E&NA per se, several portions of this system were built by other companies as follows:

• Richmond, N.S. (Halifax) to Truro, N.S. was built between 1854-1858 by the Nova Scotia Railway.
• Saint John, N.B. to Shediac, N.B. was built between 1857-1860 by the E&NA "Eastern Extension".
• South Bay, N.B. (Saint John) to St. Croix, N.B. (the International Boundary) was built between 1867-1869 by the E&NA "Western Extension".
• Moncton, N.B. to Truro, N.S. was built between 1868-1872 by the Intercolonial Railway.
• Vanceboro, Me. (the International Boundary) to Bangor, Me. (the easternmost extent of the U.S. rail network) was built between 1868-1871 by the E&NA "Maine".
• Portland, Me. to Bangor, Me. was built between 1845-1850 by the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad and Penobscot and Kennebec Railroad, both of which merged to form the Maine Central Railroad in 1862.

One of Truros tree sculptures Truro (2001 population 11,457; urban area population 44,276) is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. ... The Nova Scotia Railway was incorporated March 31, 1853 to build railway lines from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Pictou, Nova Scotia by way of Truro, Nova Scotia, from Halifax to Victoria Beach (near Digby, Nova Scotia by way of Windsor, Nova Scotia, and from Truro, Nova Scotia to the border... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... ... 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Intercolonial Railway of Canada logo or herald The Intercolonial Railway of Canada (IRC), also referred to as the Intercolonial Railway, was a historic Canadian railway. ... Vanceboro is a town located in Washington County, Maine. ... Downtown Bangor, Maine Bangor is a city located in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Waterfront of Portland along the Fore River Portland is the largest city in Maine with a population of 64,249 citizens as of 2000. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Maine Central Railroad was a railroad in central Maine. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Subsequent disposition of Portland-Halifax railway line

Although the Portland to Halifax railway line remains in operation, various sections of the line have undergone several corporate changes over the years:

Halifax-Saint John

• The Intercolonial Railway took over the Nova Scotia Railway and E&NA "Eastern Extension" on November 9, 1872, following completion of its connection between Truro and Moncton. The E&NA "Eastern Extension" was standard gauged on November 11, 1872.

• The Intercolonial Railway came under the control of the Canadian Government Railways in 1915.

• CGR was merged into the Canadian National Railways (CNR) in 1918. CN Rail continues to operate these lines as of 2005, although the Shediac spur has been cut back to Scoudouc, N.B..

Saint John-St. Croix The Nova Scotia Railway was incorporated March 31, 1853 to build railway lines from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Pictou, Nova Scotia by way of Truro, Nova Scotia, from Halifax to Victoria Beach (near Digby, Nova Scotia by way of Windsor, Nova Scotia, and from Truro, Nova Scotia to the border... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Canadian Government Railways (CGR) was the descriptive name used between 1915_1918 for all federal government-owned railways in Canada. ... 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... CN redirects here, as its the most common usage of the abbreviation in Canada; for more uses, see CN (disambiguation). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ...

• The E&NA "Western Extension" was operated by the New Brunswick government separately from the E&NA "Eastern Extension" and thus did not get included in the takeover by the Intercolonial Railway, which was focused exclusively on building and operating a railway from Halifax to Quebec. The E&NA "Western Extension" was standard gauged by 1877.

• The E&NA "Western Extension" became part of the New Brunswick Railway in 1883. On July 1, 1890 the Canadian Pacific Railway secured a lease for 999 years for the NBR.

• CPR applied to abandon the line effective January 1, 1995 however it was subsequently taken over by New Brunswick Southern Railway which continues to operate the line as of 2005.

Vanceboro-Bangor 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The New Brunswick Railway (NBR) was a historic Canadian railway operating throughout the western half of the province of New Brunswick. ... 1883 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR; AAR reporting marks CP, CPAA, CPI), known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a Canadian Class I railway operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The New Brunswick Southern Railway (NBSR) is a 84 mile railway operating in New Brunswick between Saint John and the Canada-U.S. border at McAdam. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ...

• The E&NA "Maine" was operated separately from its completion in 1871 until it was leased to the Maine Central Railroad (MEC) in 1882. In 1889 the International Railway of Maine was built by Canadian Pacific Railway from Megantic, Que. to the MEC at Mattawamkeag, Me.. The MEC granted trackage rights to the CPR over the 56 mile section from Mattawamkeag, Me. to Vanceboro, Me. at that time.

• In 1955 MEC purchased the entire 114 mile E&NA "Maine" for $125 per share or $3,114,500 payable in cash or bonds.

• On December 17, 1974 the CPR purchased the 56 mile Mattawamkeag to Vanceboro section from MEC for $5.4 million, although MEC maintained trackage rights. MEC maintained ownership of the 58 mile Bangor to Mattawamkeag section.

• In 1981, MEC was purchased by Guilford Rail System, which continues to operate the Bangor to Mattawamkeag section as of 2005.

• CPR applied to abandon the Mattawamkeag-Vanceboro section effective January 1, 1995 however it was subsequently taken over by Eastern Maine Railway which continues to operate the line as of 2005.

Portland-Bangor 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Maine Central Railroad was a railroad in central Maine. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The International Railway of Maine was a historic railroad operating between Megantic, Quebec and Mattawamkeag, Maine. ... The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR; AAR reporting marks CP, CPAA, CPI), known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a Canadian Class I railway operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited. ... Mattawamkeag is a town located in Penobscot County, Maine. ... Vanceboro is a town located in Washington County, Maine. ... 1955 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Guilford Rail System (GRS) is a regional freight railroad covering northern New England from Calais, Maine to Albany, New York. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ...

• The Maine Central was created in 1862 and was sold to Guilford Rail System in 1981. GRS continues to operate the line as of 2005.