The evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuriles refers to the events that took place as the Japanese population left these areas, to the north-west of the main islands of Japan, in August 1945. (Simultaneously Chosen, Kwantung and Manchukuo were being evacuated by Japanese civilians.) Sakhalin (Russian: ), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45° 50 and 54° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation and is its largest island. ... The Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́), also known as Kurile Islands, stretch northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. ... Joseon (Cháoxiǎn (朝鲜) in Chinese; Chosen (朝鮮) in Japanese) is a name for Korea, as used in the following cases: As part of the name of several ancient kingdoms (including Gojoseon, Gija Joseon, and Wiman Joseon); During most of the Joseon Dynasty, when the country... Kwantung (Simplified Chinese: 关东; Traditional Chinese: 關東; pinyin: Guāndōng; Wade-Giles: Kuan-tung) is a coastal area of northeastern China which is remembered most for its connection to Japans Kwantung Army. ... Manchukuo (1932–1945), Manchu country, was a former state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia created by former Qing Dynasty officials and Imperial Japan in 1932. ...

The evacuation started under the threat of Soviet invasion. It was completed according to the terms of the Potsdam Declaration that the terms of the Cairo Declaration would be carried out, and Japanese sovereignty would be limited to the islands of Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as the Allies determined. The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender (not to be confused with the Potsdam Agreement) was a statement issued on July 26, 1945 by Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the... The Cairo Declaration was an statement released at Cairo, Egypt on December 1, 1943 by President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China. ...

Russian version

The operation began with the crossing of the Horonai (Poronai) Japanese frontier River post and bombardment of the Handenzawa Japanese land frontier post in Shikuka district, and advance to north of Koton (now Pobedino), a powerful fortified district (FD). Severe fighting with heavy losses continued for over a week. Only on August 18 did Russian troops succeed in breaking the enemy’s defense. In this case, landings by Pacific navymen deep behind enemy front lines were of significant help to Soviet ground forces. Such invaders inflicted terror and panic on Japanese settlers in Shikuka, Hanno, Horonai (now Klokovo), Naramitoshi, Keton (now Smirnykh), Miyuki (now Starorusskoye) and Nairo. For the book see The Unsacred Texts Of The Koton) Koton was a German Shepherd police dog from the Kansas City, Missouri police department. ... FD can mean: Flying Dutchman (dinghy) The IATA code for Thai AirAsia Floppy disk Familial dysautonomia A third generation Mazda RX-7 Fire department, as in FDNY Final Destination - a 2000 horror movie. ... Hanno is a name that can refer to the following entities: Hanno the elephant, Pope Leo Xs pet Hanno the Elder, Carthaginian general Hanno the Great, Carthaginian general Hanno the Navigator, Carthaginian explorer Hanno the Rab, Carthaginian politician Hanno von Sangerhausen, great master of the Teutonic Knights Hanno crater... Smirnykh (Russian: ) is an urban-type settlement in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. ... A character/reference from the PS2 game series Xenosaga. Born: T.C. 4747 Age: 20 years old Sex: Female A systems programmer in Vector Industries First R&D Division involved in the KOS-MOS project under Chief Engineer Shion Uzuki. ... The National Association of Independent Review Organizations (NAIRO) was established to protect the integrity of the independent medical review process. ...

On August 16, the coastguard Zarnitsa, four minesweepers, two transports, six gunboats and nineteen torpedo boats landed in Port Toro (now Shakhtersk) the 365th Separate Marine Battalion and one battalion of the 113th infantry brigade. The men instantly engaged the enemy in fierce battle and by morning of the next day had captured four populated areas and the port city of Esutoru (now Uglegorsk), Anbetsu (now Vozvrashcheniye) and Yerinai). Toro (Russian: Торо, Japanese: 塔路) is a town in Sakhalin, Russia. ... Shakhtersk may refer to: Shakhtarsk, a city in Ukraine Shakhtyorsk, a town in Russia Category: ... Uglegorsk (Russian: ) is a coastal port town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the western coast of Sakhalin 359 km west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk at . ... Uglegorsk (Russian: ) is a coastal port town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the western coast of Sakhalin 359 km west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk at . ...

On August 20, a combined marine battalion and the 113th infantry brigade landed in Port Maoka (now Kholmsk). They were preceded by a group of scouts, landed secretively by submarine Sh-118, in the Maoka area to successfully complete their task. However, Japanese resistance was desperate, and the landing party had to fight particularly fiercely and valiantly. Enemy fire set one of the coastguards on fire, to which the Russian response was intense naval bombardment of the city, causing more civilian deaths. Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ...

In one particular case, the Japanese women telephonists in the city decided not to retire and treated to maintain contact with the metropolitan area till the moment that Russian forces destroyed the telephone and postal installations in city. The Japanese, having lost over 300 officers and men dead and 600 taken prisoner, retreated inland. Other groups disembarked in Kushunnai (now Ilyinsky), Kita Nayoshi (now Lesogorsk) and Ushiro (now Orlovo).

The rest of Japanese Maoka defenders retreated by Tei (now Polyakovo) and Futomato in Ikenohata county, between mountains in the direction of Toyohara in order to make a last stand in the capital of the province or Kawakami Sumiyama county for sustained guerrilla resistance. The success in Maoka are also known in Japan as the Maoka Massacre. TEI is a Three-letter acronym with possible meanings in the following list. ... Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ...

On August 25, one more parties of Pacific navymen consisting of 1,600 men landed in Otomari (now Korsakov). The Japanese garrison of 3,400 men laid down their arms with almost no resistance and surrendered. Previously from this port, some vessels of the retiring last convoy with civilian refugees had been sunk by Soviet submarines in Aniva Gulf. Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Rimsky-Korsakov (1753-1840) — infantry general Petr Aleksandrovich Korsakov (1790-1844) — writer Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Dondukov-Korsakov (1820-1893) — knyaz, cavalry general, Russian administrator (Imperial Commissioner) in Bulgaria Dmitry Aleksandrovich Korsakov (1843-1920) — professor of history Nikolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) — composer Sergei Sergeyevich Korsakov (1854—1900) — psychiatrist... Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Rimsky-Korsakov (1753-1840) — infantry general Petr Aleksandrovich Korsakov (1790-1844) — writer Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Dondukov-Korsakov (1820-1893) — knyaz, cavalry general, Russian administrator (Imperial Commissioner) in Bulgaria Dmitry Aleksandrovich Korsakov (1843-1920) — professor of history Nikolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) — composer Sergei Sergeyevich Korsakov (1854—1900) — psychiatrist... Soviet redirects here. ... Aniva Bay (Zaliv Aniva, Aniwa Bay, or Aniva Gulf) is located at the southern end of Sakhalin Island, Russia, north of the island of Hokkaidō, Japan. ...

The rout of Japanese forces in Manchuria and Sakhalin created favorable conditions for liberation of the Kurile Islands. The key Japanese position was on Shumushu and Paramushiro Islands. On August 18, two coast guards, the mine layer "Okhotsk", 4 minesweepers, 17 transports and 16 special landing vessels with nearly 9,000 sailors, soldiers and officers on board, approached Shumushu and Paramushiro to start the landing operation. The enemy offered fierce resistance. Bloody battles took place in Shumushu and Paramushiro with varying success till August 23. By the end of the day, the Japanese garrison surrendered. Manchuria (Manchu: Manju; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; Simplified Chinese: 满洲; pinyin: MÇŽnzhōu, Russian: ) is a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ... Location of Sakhalin in the Western Pacific Sakhalin, GOST transliteration Sahalin, (Russian: , Korean: Traditional Chinese: 庫頁島; Simplified Chinese: 库页岛; pinyin: kùyèdÇŽo Japanese: 樺太 romaji: karafuto), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45° 50 and 54° 24 N. It is part of the Russian... The Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́), also known as Kurile Islands, stretch northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. ... Shumshu is the northernmost island of the Kuril Islands group. ... Paramushir or Paramushiro is the second largest of the Kuril Islands, lying near the north of the archipelago. ... Okhotsk (Охо́тск) is a townlet and seaport at the mouth of the Okhota River on the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia. ...

By the end of August, all the northern Kuriles had been liberated from the enemy, including Uruppu Island. The Northern Pacific Flotilla occupied the rest of the islands to the south of Uruppu. Up to sixty thousand Japanese officers and men were taken prisoner in the Kuriles. The landing operation in the Kuriles was the last of World War Two. Uruppu (得撫島, urupputou) is one of the Kuril Islands to the north of Japan. ... The Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́), also known as Kurile Islands, stretch northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. ...

Japanese version

According to refugees from the area, Soviet forces in accord with the wartime situation carried out fierce naval bombardment and artillery strikes against innocent civilians and japanese installations (possibly in revenge for the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905), massive slaughter by machine gun fire and building demolitions by explosives. Additionally, Russian troops engaged in some cases in the sacking and looting of Japanese property and sank civil vessels by use of coastal land artillery or submarines in the area. The most evident and terrible successes occurred in Maoka, Shikuka (now Poronaysk), Nairo (now Gastello), Esutoru and Otomari. Soviet redirects here. ... Combatants Imperial Russia Empire of Japan Commanders N/A N/A Strength 500,000 Soldiers 400,000 Soldiers Casualties 134,817+ KIA/POW, 170,000 MIA etc. ... Historically, artillery (from French artillerie) refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ... USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... The National Association of Independent Review Organizations (NAIRO) was established to protect the integrity of the independent medical review process. ... Uglegorsk (Russian: ) is a coastal port town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the western coast of Sakhalin 359 km west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk at . ... Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Rimsky-Korsakov (1753-1840) — infantry general Petr Aleksandrovich Korsakov (1790-1844) — writer Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Dondukov-Korsakov (1820-1893) — knyaz, cavalry general, Russian administrator (Imperial Commissioner) in Bulgaria Dmitry Aleksandrovich Korsakov (1843-1920) — professor of history Nikolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) — composer Sergei Sergeyevich Korsakov (1854—1900) — psychiatrist...

In the Kuriles a similar pattern was repeated when Japanese civilians desperately retired from Shumushu and Paramushiro before the Soviet invasion (The Russians only sank one war vessel transporting some Japanese troops), but did not occur at the time in some islands such as Uruppu and South Kuriles. In these case, Russian troops, arriving in aggressive form to expel local citizens and confiscate local property. It was later reported that Soviet forces had asked civilians about whether or not American forces were present in the Kuriles, which suggests that this may have been a major concern. The Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́), also known as Kurile Islands, stretch northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. ... Shumshu is the northernmost island of the Kuril Islands group. ... Paramushir or Paramushiro is the second largest of the Kuril Islands, lying near the north of the archipelago. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Uruppu (得撫島, urupputou) is one of the Kuril Islands to the north of Japan. ...

Additionally when finalizing military operations, forced deportation and confiscation of private and government property were carried out, along with the abandonment of Koreans (supposedly Japanese subjects, now in an undetermined state) and possibly some Chinese (brought in for railway construction or mining) in such territories, now under Soviet control. The Koreans left behind were trapped there by their statelessness, and became known as the Sakhalin Koreans. Most have since taken up Russian nationality, though a minority of the elderly have chosen to repatriate to South Korea. Soviet redirects here. ... Sakhalin Koreans trace their roots back to immigrants from Gyeongsang and Jeolla provinces in the late 1930s and early 1940s. ...

Fate of western residents and allied prisoners in the area

Similar treatment faced the German, Ukrainian and Polish citizens who resided in province, the White Russians in the area, (living from ancient Russian administration under the Shimoda agreement), who were arrested, accused of high treason and collaboration with an enemy power. Some were sent to gulags in Eastern Siberia, others were executed. Similar things happened to White Russians living in Manchukuo, Kwantung or North Chosen (Korea). The White movement, whose military arm is known as the White Army (Белая Армия) or White Guard (Белая Гвардия, белогвардейц&#1099... Shimoda is the name of several places or a character. ... Gulag (from the Russian ГУЛАГ: Главное Управление Исправительно— Трудовых Л&#1072...

Some versions (including American researchers) alleged that Japanese forces during wartime sent certain Western POWs (Americans, British, Dutch, etc.) to detention camps in Karafuto and the Kuriles from other areas in Southeast Asia as well as to detention centers in Hokkaidō (Otaru POW center) and North Honshū, Manchukuo or Chosen. The term Western World or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... Sakhalin (Russian: ), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45° 50 and 54° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation and is its largest island. ... The Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́), also known as Kurile Islands, stretch northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Hokkaidō   (北海道, literal meaning: North Sea Route, Ainu: Mosir), formerly known as Ezo and Yesso, is the second largest island and largest prefecture of Japan. ... Otaru (小樽市; -shi) is a city and port located in Shiribeshi, Hokkaido, Japan. ... HonshÅ« (本州 Literally Main State) is the largest island of Japan, called the Mainland; it is south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait. ... Manchukuo (1932–1945), Manchu country, was a former state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia created by former Qing Dynasty officials and Imperial Japan in 1932. ... Joseon (Cháoxiǎn (朝鲜) in Chinese; Chosen (朝鮮) in Japanese) is a name for Korea, as used in the following cases: As part of the name of several ancient kingdoms (including Gojoseon, Gija Joseon, and Wiman Joseon); During most of the Joseon Dynasty, when the country...

The final fate of supposed Allied POWs when Soviet forces arrived in these lands under Japanese administration, if unknown, is very similar to Americans captured or interned in Vladivostok (during the Doolittle Operation or B-29 strikes against Manchukuo industry) or Kamchatka (when Americans carried out some air strikes against North Kuriles Islands). Some reports also exist mentioning the possibly identity of Americans interned in East Siberian Gulags in the same period, or are possibly wartime speculations during Cold War period. Such topic still await in depth research by historians and experts in area.[1] In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Vladivostok (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated close to the Russo-Sino border and North Korea. ... Doolittle refers to a number of people and things: Doolittle is the Pixies second full-length album, released in March 1989. ... The Boeing B-29 Superfortress (Boeing Model 341/345) was a four-engine heavy bomber flown by the United States Army Air Force. ... Manchukuo (1932–1945), Manchu country, was a former state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia created by former Qing Dynasty officials and Imperial Japan in 1932. ... Kamchatka Oblast, an oblast in Russia. ... The Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́), also known as Kurile Islands, stretch northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. ... Gulag (from the Russian ГУЛАГ: Главное Управление Исправительно— Трудовых Л&#1072... Perpetrated by Kent Brewster, Speculations is an online resource for writers who wish to break into or increase their presence within the science fiction, fantasy, or other speculative fiction subgenres. ... The Cold War was the period of conflict, tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies from the mid 1940s until the early 1990s. ...

References

Footnotes

External links

• http://memory.loc.gov/frd/tfrussia/tfrhtml/tfrsplit/tfr010.html