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Encyclopedia > Evanescent waves

An evanescent wave is an electromagnetic wave that decays exponentially with distance. Evanescent waves are observed in total internal reflection.


The effect has been used to exert radiation pressure on small particles in order to trap them for experimentation, or to cool them to very low temperatures, and to illuminate very small objects such as biological cells for microscopy (as in the total internal reflection fluorescence microscope). The evanescent wave from an optical fiber can be used in a gas sensor.


In optics, evanescent waves are formed when sinusoidal waves are (internally) reflected off an interface at an angle greater than the critical angle so that total internal reflection occurs.


"Evanescent" means "tending to vanish", which is appropriate because the intensity of evanescent waves decays exponentially (rather than sinusoidally) with the distance from the interface at which they are formed.


Mathematically, evanescent waves are characterized by having an imaginary value of the wavenumber, k.


See also

External link

  • Evanescent waves (http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/dcprieve/Evanescent%20waves.htm)

  Results from FactBites:
 
03.22.2007 - Goal of nanoscale optical imaging gets boost with new hyperlens (1042 words)
Evanescent waves contain far greater detail and resolution of an object, but they decay too quickly for conventional lenses to capture them.
In 2005, Zhang led a research team that developed a superlens capable of capturing evanescent waves and imaging an object at a half-pitch resolution of 60 nanometers.
This exponential loss of the evanescent waves required the image plane to sit close to the lens.
Canadian Instrumentation and Research, Ltd. (785 words)
This demonstrates that there is an evanescent energy field outside the cube material allowing interaction of the two surfaces across the small air gap.
If the evanescent tails of each waveguide have considerable overlap, it can be shown that there are two possible solutions for mode propagation in the two waveguide structure.
The polished evanescent wave coupler is based on bringing the cores of two fibers close together by removing part of the cladding and optically contacting the polished faces.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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