A news headline on the massacre.

The Everett Massacre (also known as Bloody Sunday^{[citation needed]}) was an armed confrontation between local authorities and members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) union, commonly called "Wobblies", which took place in Everett, Washington on Sunday, November 5, 1916. The tragic event marked a time of rising tensions in Pacific Northwest labor history. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Bloody Sunday refers to several historical events (listed in chronological order): Bloody Sunday (1887), a demonstration in London against coercion in Ireland Bloody Sunday (1900), a day of high casualties in the Second Boer War Bloody Sunday (1905), a massacre in Saint Petersburg A violent event during the 1913 Dublin... The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. ... The IWW Label A Wobbly membership card The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, having much in common with anarcho-syndicalist unions, but also many differences. ... County Snohomish Government  - Mayor Ray Stephanson Area  - City 123. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Pacific Northwest from space The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ...

American history redirects here. ... The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents. ... For colonies not part of the 13 colonies see European colonization of the Americas or British colonization of the Americas. ... Map of the thirteen colonies in 1775 From 1776 through 1789, the history of the United States included the formation of the independent country of the United States and the drawing and ratification of its new government. ... This article covers the History of the United States from 1789 through 1849. ... This article covers the History of the United States from 1849 through 1865. ... The history of the United States (1865–1918) covers Reconstruction and the rise of industrialization in the United States. ... The history of the United States from 1918 through 1945 covers the post-World War I era, the Great Depression, and World War II. After World War I, the United States signed separate peace treaties with Germany and her allies. ... This article covers the history of the United States from 1945 through 1964, Cold War Beginnings and the Civil Rights Movement. ... The history of the United States from 1964 through 1980 includes the continuation of the African American Civil Rights Movement; the Vietnam War and protests involved with it; and a continuation of the Cold War, which prompted the United States to send the first man to the Moon. ... This article covers the history of the United States from 1980 through 1988. ... This article covers the history of the United States from 1988 to present. ... This is a timeline of United States history. ...

Unfortunate circumstances

This n dksfday of the massacre, about 300 members of the IWW boarded the steamers Verona and Calista from Seattle and headed north to Everett to attend a rally. The violence which erupted once the ships arrived in Everett was a result of a misunderstanding between the local citizens and the demonstrators. A day before the union members were to arrive, police in Everett had been informed incorrectly that a large group of armed anarchists were making their way to the city. Seattle redirects here. ...

Shootout

Over 200 citizen deputies, under the authority of Snohomish County Sheriff Donald McRae, met in order to repel the "anarchists". As the IWW union boats made ready to dock, the sheriff informed them that they would not be allowed to land. In the resulting tension, a single shot was fired, followed by several minutes of chaotic shooting on both sides. Whether the first shot came from boat or dock was never determined. Passengers aboard the Verona rushed to the opposite side of the ship, nearly capsizing the vessel. Bullets pierced the pilot house, and the Verona's captain struggled to back it out of port. The Calista returned to Seattle, without trying to land. Snohomish County is a county located in the state of Washington. ...

Death Toll

At the end of the mayhem, 2 citizen deputies lay dead with 20 others wounded including the sheriff. The IWW officially listed 5 dead with 27 wounded, although it is speculated that as many as 12 IWW members may have been killed. As a result of the shootings, a company of naval militia were sent to Everett and Seattle to help maintain order.

Question of violence

There have been many efforts to find the IWW, a self-described radical union, at fault for the violence. However,

...historians Philip Taft and Philip Ross have pointed out in their comments on violence in labor history that "IWW activity was virtually free of violence... It is of some interest to note that a speaker who advocated violence at a meeting at the IWW hall in Everett [Washington] was later exposed as a private detective."^[1] Labor spies may be referred to as spies, operatives, agents, agents provocateurs, saboteurs, infiltrators, informants, spotters, special police, or detectives. ...

Aftermath

Upon returning to Seattle, 74 Wobblies were arrested as a direct result of the "Everett Massacre" including IWW leader Thomas H. Tracy. They were taken to the Snohomish County jail in Everett and charged with murder of the 2 deputies. After a two-month trial, Tracy was acquitted by a jury on May 5, 1917. Shortly thereafter, all charges were dropped against the remaining 73 defendants and they were released from jail.

References and external links

• The Everett Massacre Everett Public Library, accessed November 14, 2006
• Everett Massacre of 1916 University of St. Francis, accessed August 1, 2005
• Everett Massacre Collection University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections, accessed July 12, 2006 - This collection, documenting labor's perspective of the 1916 Everett Massacre and its aftermath, draws material from the Seattle Union Record, the writings of Anna Louise Strong, and includes pamphlets, fliers, hand- and typewritten works, postcards and a photograph.
• Essay on the Everett Massacre HistoryLink.org - The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History, accessed August 25, 2006

Notes