An evolutionary arms race is an evolutionary struggle between a This snapping turtle is trying to make a meal of a Canada goose, but the goose is too wary. A predator is an animal or other organism that hunts and kills other organisms for food in an act called predation. Most predators are carnivores. Some predators are omnivores. The difference...
predator species and its In biology, the term prey refers to an animal that is sought, captured, and eaten by a predator in an act called predation. A prey species is the food of a predator species, and therefore its source of energy and material for activity and growth. The Volterra-Lotka equations describe...
prey (including For parasitism as a social offence, see Social parasitism. Parasitism (in Greek: παρασσυτισμός) is an interaction between two organisms, in which one organism (the parasite) attains all the benefits of the close relationship. Parasitism can be considered a...
parasitism) that is said to resemble an An arms race is a competition between two or more countries for military supremacy. Each party competes to produce superior numbers of weapons, larger armies, or superior military technology in a technological escalation. Most arms races have occurred in the modern era. One of the first arms races occurred in...
arms race. Each species develops A biological adaptation is an anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioral trait of an organism that has evolved over a period of time by the process of natural selection such that it increases the expected long-term reproductive success of the organism. See also: Spandrel Categories: Biology stubs | Evolutionary biology...
adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other.
Along similar lines, sex allows recombination of genes to keep away parasites; see The Red Queen or Red Queens Race is an evolutionary theory explaining the advantage of sex. By making every individual an experiment when mixing mothers and fathers genes, sex may allow a species to adapt quickly just to hold onto the ecological niche that it already has...
Red Queen.
The co-evolving gene sets may be in different species, as in an evolutionaryarmsrace between a predator species and its prey (Vermeij, 1987), or a parasite and its host.
Alternatively, the armsrace may be between members of the same species, as in the manipulation/sales resistance model of communication (Dawkins and Krebs, 1979) or as in run-away selection or Red Queen effects.
One example of an evolutionaryarmsrace is in sexual conflict between the sexes.
The armsrace between predator and prey is as old as nature, and is a prominent selective force in evolution of species.
The armsrace between predator and prey is a major selective force in evolutionary change in organisms.
As we review (and speculate) about the evolutionaryarmsrace between the trilobite and its predators, keep in mind that evolution does not creatively design the body parts of an organism; all that evolution can do is tinker with existing genetic sequences by amplifying those that favor survival within a population.