To examine somebody or something is to inspect it closely, hence an examination is a detailed inspection or analysis of an object or person.
In an academic context, examinations (or exams for short) are tests which aim to determine the ability of a student. Exams are usually written although some may be practical or have practical components, and vary greatly in structure, content and difficulty depending on the subject and the age group of the students under test. In some cases diploma is received by those who pass an examination. A competitive examination is an examination where applicants compete for a limited numbers of positions, as opposed to merely have to reach a certain level to pass.
Examinations are in use in parochial schools, Catholic academies, seminaries, and universities as tests of proficiency.
Examinations or something equivalent must enter into all effectual instruction, for it is not sufficient that a book be placed in the hands of a pupil or that he be compelled to attend lectures, but it is necessary to see that he grasps the ideas conveyed.
examination as a test of fitness, though bishops are free to approve, without such test, those priests who in their judgment are qualified for the work.
If, during direct examination, you determine that cross-examination is necessary, conduct a quick damage assessment from the perspective of the jury--keeping clearly in focus that the jurors are the sole judges of factual disputes, the credibility of the witnesses, and the amount of damages to be awarded.
When examining a witness who seeks to explain every answer, you may request the court to instruct the witness to limit answers during cross-examination to responses to the questions posed by the examiner and to further instruct that defense counsel, during redirect examination, will have a chance to bring out explanations.
Those examiners who do not seek to enlist the aid of the court in dealing with the problem witness and allow the witness to be unresponsive or evasive believe that the jurors will be able to detect the witness's lack of cooperation and candor and will draw their own adverse conclusions about the witness.
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