NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Excalibur (film)

Excalibur is a 1981 film which retells the legend of King Arthur. It grossed USD$34,967,437 and was the 18th most successful film of that year. Image File history File links This is a copyrighted poster. ... John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... Nigel Terry as King Arthur in Excalibur Nigel Terry (born August 15, 1945 in Bristol, England) is a British stage and film actor probably best known by movie audiences for his portayal of King Arthur in John Boormans Excalibur. ... Nicol Williamson as Merlin in Excalibur Nicol Williamson (b. ... Dame Helen Mirren, DBE (born July 26, 1945), is an English stage, television and film actress. ... Gabriel Byrne (born 12 May 1950) is an Irish actor. ... Warner Bros. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... // January 19 - Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer acquires beleaguered concurrent United Artists. ... This article is about motion pictures. ... For other uses, see King Arthur (disambiguation). ... USD redirects here. ...

Cast and crew

Excalibur was directed by John Boorman and stars Nigel Terry (King Arthur), Helen Mirren (Arthur's half-sister Morgana), Nicol Williamson (Merlin), Nicholas Clay (Lancelot) and Cherie Lunghi (Guenevere). Even though he was 35 years old, Nigel Terry plays King Arthur from his teenage years to his ending as an aged monarch. The film also features some noted actors in early screen roles. Liam Neeson plays Gawain, Patrick Stewart plays King Leondegrance, Clive Swift plays Sir Ector, and Gabriel Byrne plays Uther Pendragon. Several members of the Boorman family also appeared in the picture. Igrayne (Arthur's mother), the Lady of the Lake, Mordred as a boy, and the infant Arthur were all played by Boorman's children. Because of the number of Boormans involved with the film, it is sometimes called "The Boorman Family Project." Image File history File links Poster art from the 1981 movie Excalibur. ... Image File history File links Poster art from the 1981 movie Excalibur. ... Swiss longsword, 15th or 16th century Look up Sword in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... Nigel Terry as King Arthur in Excalibur Nigel Terry (born August 15, 1945 in Bristol, England) is a British stage and film actor probably best known by movie audiences for his portayal of King Arthur in John Boormans Excalibur. ... Dame Helen Mirren, DBE (born July 26, 1945), is an English stage, television and film actress. ... Morgan le Fay, by Anthony Frederick Sandys (1829 - 1904), 1864 (Birmingham Art Gallery): A spell-brewing Morgaine distinctly of Tennysons generation Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain, Morgana and other variants, is a powerful sorceress and sometime antagonist of King Arthur and Guinevere in the Arthurian legend. ... Nicol Williamson as Merlin in Excalibur Nicol Williamson (b. ... Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys (Merlin the Wise); also known as Myrddin Wyllt (Merlin the Wild), Merlin Caledonensis (Scottish Merlin), Merlinus, and Merlyn) is the personage best known as the mighty wizard featured in Arthurian legends, starting with Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae. ... Nicholas Anthony Phillip Clay (September 18, 1946 - May 25, 2000) was a British actor. ... For other uses, see Lancelot (disambiguation) and Sir Lancelot (disambiguation). ... Cherie Lunghi (born April 4, 1952 in London) is an actress. ... For other uses, see Guinevere (disambiguation). ... Nigel Terry as King Arthur in Excalibur Nigel Terry (born August 15, 1945 in Bristol, England) is a British stage and film actor probably best known by movie audiences for his portayal of King Arthur in John Boormans Excalibur. ... William John Liam Neeson OBE (born June 7, 1952) is an Academy Award-nominated Irish actor. ... Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Gawain (Gwalchmei, Gawan, Gauvain, Walewein etc. ... This article is about the actor. ... King Leondegrance (sometimes Leodegrance, or some other minor variation) was, in Arthurian legend, the father of Queen Guinevere. ... Clive Swift in his role as Richard Bucket in Keeping Up Appearances. ... Sir Ector (sometimes Hector, Antor, or Ectorius) is the father of Sir Kay and the foster father of King Arthur in the Arthurian legend. ... Gabriel Byrne (born 12 May 1950) is an Irish actor. ... Uther Pendragon (French: Uter Pendragon; Welsh: Wthyr Bendragon, Uthr Bendragon, Uthyr Pendraeg) is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Mordred (disambiguation). ...

Excalibur was filmed in Irish locations in Wicklow, Tipperary, and County Kerry. The costumes were designed by Bob Ringwood. The armour was designed by Terry English. The screenplay is by Rospo Pallenberg with John Boorman. The soundtrack is by Trevor Jones, with sound bytes and samples drawn from Orff's Carmina Burana and Wagnerian motifs, of fate (Ring) and fatal attraction (Tristan und Isolde). A portion of the Siegfried Funeral March from Götterdämmerung was used as the main theme music of the film over the opening and closing credits. WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ... Statistics Province: Munster County Town: Tralee Code: KY Area: 4,746 kmÂ² Population (2006) 139,616 Website: www. ... For other uses, see Armour (disambiguation). ... Sample from a screenplay, showing dialogue and action descriptions. ... John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... Trevor Alfred Charles Jones (born March 23, 1949 in Cape Town, South Africa) is a South African orchestral film score composer. ... Carl Orff Carl Orff (July 10, 1895) â€“ March 29, 1982) was a 20th-century German composer, most famous for Carmina Burana (1937). ... This article is about Carl Orffs musical composition based on the medieval collection of poems. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 â€“ 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ... Der Ring des Nibelungen, (The Ring of the Nibelung), is a cycle of four epic music dramas by the German composer Richard Wagner. ... Tristan und Isolde (Tristan and Isolde) is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner to a German libretto by the composer, based largely on the romance by Gottfried von StraÃŸburg. ... (Twilight of the Gods â€“ see Notes) is the last of the four operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), by Richard Wagner. ...

Plot

Uther Pendragon defeats the Duke of Cornwall with the help of Merlin and Excalibur. They make a truce and Cornwall yields to Uther, who is proclaimed king. However, Uther lusts for Cornwall's wife Igrayne and breaks the truce, laying siege to Cornwall's castle. Image File history File links Excalibur_Merlin. ... Image File history File links Excalibur_Merlin. ... Nicol Williamson as Merlin in Excalibur Nicol Williamson (b. ... Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys (Merlin the Wise); also known as Myrddin Wyllt (Merlin the Wild), Merlin Caledonensis (Scottish Merlin), Merlinus, and Merlyn) is the personage best known as the mighty wizard featured in Arthurian legends, starting with Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae. ... Uther Pendragon (French: Uter Pendragon; Welsh: Wthyr Bendragon, Uthr Bendragon, Uthyr Pendraeg) is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. ... In the legendary tales of King Arthur, Gorlois was the Duke of Cornwall and married to the beautiful Ygerna (Igraine or Ygraine). ... Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys (Merlin the Wise); also known as Myrddin Wyllt (Merlin the Wild), Merlin Caledonensis (Scottish Merlin), Merlinus, and Merlyn) is the personage best known as the mighty wizard featured in Arthurian legends, starting with Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae. ... For other uses, see Excalibur (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Merlin uses his magic so Uther can consummate his lust for Igrayne, on the condition that Uther will relinquish to Merlin whatever results from his lust. Magically disguised as Cornwall, Uther beds Igrayne. Meanwhile, the real Duke of Cornwall is killed while attacking Uther's camp.

Igrayne bears Uther a son, Arthur. Merlin takes the boy. Uther pursues but is killed in ambush in the forest. Before he dies, he thrusts Excalibur into a rock, and Merlin exclaims that "he who draws the sword from the stone, he shall be king." For other uses, see King Arthur (disambiguation). ... Wikibooks [[wikibooks:|]] has more about this subject: The Sword in the Stone This article is about the novel. ...

Years later, Sir Ector and his sons Kay and Arthur go a tournament to win the chance to draw Excalibur from the stone. As Kay's squire, Arther forgets Kay's sword in the tent only to discover that it has been stolen. While looking for a replacement, Arthur draws the sword from the stone and presents it to Kay. When Arthur and Kay are discovered at the stone, Kay reveals that it was Aurthur who pulled the stone from the sword and thus Arthur becomes King. Image File history File linksMetadata Excalibur_Sword_Stone. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Excalibur_Sword_Stone. ... Sir Ector (sometimes Hector, Antor, or Ectorius) is the father of Sir Kay and the foster father of King Arthur in the Arthurian legend. ... Sir Kay, son of Sir Ector, was one of the Knights of the Round Table and King Arthurs foster brother. ...

Not all accept Arthur's kingship, but his victory against the rebels laying siege to the castle of Leondegrance earns him the respect and fealty of all in combat. Arthur marries Leondegrance's daughter Guenevere. King Leondegrance (sometimes Leodegrance, or some other minor variation) was, in Arthurian legend, the father of Queen Guinevere. ... For other uses, see Guinevere (disambiguation). ...

Years later, Arthur defeats the undefeated knight Lancelot by unfairly using Excalibur's power. The blade, thought to be indestructible, is broken in half. Arthur admits his wrongdoing and speaks his repentance to the unconscious Lancelot, and the blade is restored. Lancelot awakens and, thinking he has been bested, becomes Arthur's closest friend and supporter. For other uses, see Lancelot (disambiguation) and Sir Lancelot (disambiguation). ...

Arthur unifies the land, institutes the fellowship of the Round Table, and builds Camelot, his castle. His half-sister Morgana, a budding sorceress, becomes apprenticed to Merlin, and a peasant boy named Perceval becomes Lancelot's squire. ImageMetadata File history File links Excalibur_Circle. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Excalibur_Circle. ... For the film, see Knights of the Round Table (film). ... For the film, see Knights of the Round Table (film). ... King Arthur presides the Round Table. ... This article is about the mythical castle. ... Morgan le Fay, by Anthony Frederick Sandys (1829 - 1904), 1864 (Birmingham Art Gallery): A spell-brewing Morgaine distinctly of Tennysons generation Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain, Morgana and other variants, is a powerful sorceress and sometime antagonist of King Arthur and Guinevere in the Arthurian legend. ... Percival or Perceval is one of King Arthurs legendary Knights of the Round Table. ...

Lancelot and Guenevere feel a mutual attraction, and Lancelot stays away from Camelot. Sir Gawain openly accuses them at the round table. Lancelot must fight him to defend Guenevere's honor, but he is injured in a nightmare by a shadow of himself. When Lancelot does not arrive for the duel, Perceval is hastily knighted so he can fight for Guenevere. Lancelot arrives just in time, and Perceval does not have to fight. Lancelot manages to defeat Gawain despite his injury, and Gawain recants his accusation. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Gawain (Gwalchmei, Gawan, Gauvain, Walewein etc. ...

Ultimately, Lancelot and Guenevere consummate their lust, and Arthur later finds them asleep together in the forest. Meanwhile, Merlin teaches Morgana the Charm of Making. Arthur is seen thrusting Excalibur toward the sleeping couple, and Merlin is momentarily impaled by the sword because of his magical link with it. Morgana takes advantage of his weakness to trap him in crystal with the Charm of Making, then tricks Arthur into making love to her, and bears a son, Mordred. For other uses, see Mordred (disambiguation). ...

On awakening, Lancelot sees Excalibur and flees in shame and self-loathing, knowing Arthur saw him with Guenevere. Awakening alone, Guenevere realizes what has happened and surrenders herself to a nunnery.

After these horrific events, the land is stricken with famine and sickness, and a broken Arthur sends his knights on a quest for the Grail, which will heal him and the land. Years pass and many knights die on the quest, while others are bewitched by Morgana to serve her and her son. For other uses, see Holy Grail (disambiguation). ...

In the end, Perceval is the only knight left to search for the Grail. Narrowly escaping death at the hands of Mordred and Morgana, he has a vision of the Grail and a mysterious figure who asks "who am I?" and "what is my secret?" After further hardship Perceval realizes that the figure is King Arthur, and his secret is that he and the land are one. Answering the riddle, he attains the Grail. Arthur drinks from it and is revitalized. ImageMetadata File history File links Excalibur_Grail. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Excalibur_Grail. ... Grail may refer to: Holy Grail Grail (web browser) The grail community of Pinner, England is a group of Catholic women, who have translated the Psalms in a renowned version. ...

Arthur and his few remaining knights ride to war against Mordred and Morgana. The barren land blooms with life as they pass, reborn with its King. He goes to Guenevere's convent, where they are reconciled. She returns Excalibur to him, having kept it safe since the day she fled.

Most of the land's nobles have rallied to Mordred and Morgana. Arthur calls to Merlin in despair and unwittingly awakens him from his enchanted slumber when he strikes a monolith with his armored fist. Though still imprisoned in Morgana's crystal, Merlin appears to her in dream and tricks her into uttering the Charm of Making, creating a thick fog. Her magically-endowed youth dissolves and she becomes a hag. She tries to embrace Mordred, who strangles her to death in disgust.

Arthur and his small army survive by hiding in the fog, but they are soon overwhelmed. A grey-haired, bearded Lancelot joins the fray and turns the tide of the battle, taking mortal wounds. Still hoping to defeat Arthur and become king, Mordred runs Arthur through with his spear, but Arthur presses forward and pierces Mordred's enchanted armor with Excalibur, killing him. Image File history File linksMetadata Excalibur_Battle. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Excalibur_Battle. ...

At Arthur's behest, Perceval throws Excalibur in a pool of calm water, where it is caught by the Lady of the Lake. When Perceval returns, he sees Arthur's body on a ship, attended by three formally posed ladies clad in white, sailing into the setting sun toward the Isle of Avalon. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Avalon (disambiguation). ...

Production

John Boorman cast Nicol Williamson and Helen Mirren opposite each other as Merlin and Morgana, knowing that the two were at the time on less than friendly terms, due to personal issues that arose during a production of Macbeth seven years earlier. Boorman felt that the tension on set would come through in the actors' performances.^{[citation needed]} The early critical battle scene around a castle, in which Arthur is made a knight by Uryens, while kneeling in a moat, was filmed in Cahir Castle, in Cahir County Tipperary, Ireland . It is a genuine Norman castle, one of the best preserved anywhere and the moat is the River Suir which flows around the castle. Easily visited, you can still park your car in the car park from where the filming was done. The original cut of the film was three hours long. Among scenes that were lost was a scene of Lancelot rescuing Guinevere from a forest bandit. According to director John Boorman, the love scene between Lancelot and Guinevere in the forest was filmed on a very cold night, but Nicholas Clay and Cherie Lunghi did the scene in the nude anyway. Image File history File links Nicholas Clay as Sir Lancelot in Excalibur. ... Image File history File links Nicholas Clay as Sir Lancelot in Excalibur. ... Nicholas Anthony Phillip Clay (September 18, 1946 - May 25, 2000) was a British actor. ... For other uses, see Lancelot (disambiguation) and Sir Lancelot (disambiguation). ... John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... Nicol Williamson as Merlin in Excalibur Nicol Williamson (b. ... Dame Helen Mirren, DBE (born July 26, 1945), is an English stage, television and film actress. ... This article is about Shakespeares play. ... Cahir Castle Cahir Castle (Irish: CaisleÃ¡n na Cathrach), one of the largest castles in Ireland, was built in County Tipperary in 1142 by Conor OBrien, Prince of Thomond, on an island in the river Suir. ... Statistics Province: Munster County Town: North: Nenagh South: Clonmel Code: North: TN South: TS Area: 4,303 kmÂ² Population (2006) 149,040[[1]] County Tipperary (Contae Thiobraid Ãrann in Irish) is a county in the Republic of Ireland, and situated in the province of Munster. ... The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the nave is a forerunner of the Gothic style. ... The River Suir (IPA: ) is a river in Ireland that flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Waterford after a distance of 183 kilometres. ... John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... Nicholas Anthony Phillip Clay (September 18, 1946 - May 25, 2000) was a British actor. ... Cherie Lunghi (born April 4, 1952 in London) is an actress. ...

Adaptation

The film is primarily an adaptation of Malory's Morte d'Arthur (1485). In order to recast the Arthurian legends as an allegory of the cycle of birth, life and decay, the text was stripped of decorative or insignificant details, as well as of Malory's Christian piety. The resulting film is reminiscent of mythographic works such as Sir James Frazer's The Golden Bough and Jessie Weston's From Ritual to Romance; Arthur is presented as the "Wounded King" whose realm becomes a wasteland to be reborn thanks to the Grail, and may be compared to the Fisher (or Sinner) King, whose land also became a wasteland, and was also healed by Perceval. Notably, the Grail is not the Christian "Holy Grail"; rather, it may be inspired by magic cauldrons in Celtic pagan myths. "The film has to do with mythical truth, not historical truth," Boorman remarked to a journalist during filming.^[1]^[2] Image File history File links Excalibur_Arthur. ... Image File history File links Excalibur_Arthur. ... Nigel Terry as King Arthur in Excalibur Nigel Terry (born August 15, 1945 in Bristol, England) is a British stage and film actor probably best known by movie audiences for his portayal of King Arthur in John Boormans Excalibur. ... For other uses, see King Arthur (disambiguation). ... Sir Thomas Malory (c. ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Edward Burne-Jones Le Morte dArthur (spelled Le Morte Darthur in the first printing and also in some modern editions, Middle French for la mort dArthur, the death of Arthur) is Sir Thomas Malorys compilation of some French and English Arthurian... Year 1485 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar). ... A mythographer, or a mythologist, according to a strict dictionary definition, is a compiler of myths. ... Sir James George Frazer (January 1, 1854, Glasgow, Scotland â€“ May 7, 1941), was a Scottish social anthropologist influential in the early stages of the modern studies of mythology and comparative religion. ... The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion is a wide-ranging comparative study of mythology and religion, written by Scottish anthropologist Sir James George Frazer (1854â€“1941). ... Jessie Laidlay Weston (1850-1928) was an independent scholar and folklorist, working mainly on mediaeval Arthurian texts. ... From Ritual to Romance is a 1921 book written by Jessie L. Weston. ... This article is about the Fisher King from Arthurian legend. ... For other uses, see Holy Grail (disambiguation). ...

In keeping with this approach, the film is intentionally ahistorical.^[1] For example, the opening titles state the setting to be the Dark Ages, even though the knights wear full plate armor, which was invented much later. Saddles were used on the horses during all film sequences, and saddles were also invented much later. Knights, knighthood and the code of chivalry also did not exist during the period. Furthermore, Britain is never mentioned by name, only as "the land". Petrarch, who conceived the idea of a European Dark Age. From Cycle of Famous Men and Women, Andrea di Bartolo di Bargillac, c. ...

In addition to Malory, the writers incorporated elements from other Arthurian stories, sometimes altering them. For example, the sword between the sleeping lovers' bodies comes from the tales of Tristan and Iseult; the knight who returns Excalibur to the water is changed from Bedivere to Perceval; and Morgause and Morgan Le Fay are merged. The sword Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone are presented as the same thing; in the legends they are separate. In the legend of Arthur, Sir Galahad, the illegitimate son of Lancelot and Elaine of Carbonek, is actually the Knight who is worthy of the Holy Grail. Boorman's version of the tale leaves Galahad out completely. For other uses, see Tristan and Iseult (disambiguation). ... How Sir Bedivere Cast the Sword Excalibur into the Water. ... In Arthurian legend, Morgause or Morgase (also known as Anna-Morgause or Ann-Morgause) is the half-sister of King Arthur who slept with him and produced Mordred, the incestuous heir that would lead to Camelots downfall. ... Morgan le Fay, by Anthony Frederick Sandys (1829 - 1904), 1864 (Birmingham Art Gallery): A spell-brewing Morgaine distinctly of Tennysons generation Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain, Morgana and other variants, is a powerful sorceress and sometime antagonist of King Arthur and Guinevere in the Arthurian legend. ... Excalibur was the sword in the stone which was mostly used by King Arthur. ...

Some new elements were added, such as Uther wielding Excalibur before Arthur (repeated in Merlin), Merlin's 'Charm of Making' (written in Old Irish), and the concept of the world as "the dragon". For other uses, see Excalibur (disambiguation). ... Merlin is a 3 hour made-for-television movie released in 1998 that retells the famous legend of King Arthur from the perspective of the wizard Merlin. ... Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language, or, rather, the Goidelic languages, for which extensive written texts are possessed. ...

Quotations

Merlin states the film's central theme, reflecting an ancient Celtic belief about kingship: Image File history File linksMetadata Excalibur_Follow_Me. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Excalibur_Follow_Me. ... Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys (Merlin the Wise); also known as Myrddin Wyllt (Merlin the Wild), Merlin Caledonensis (Scottish Merlin), Merlinus, and Merlyn) is the personage best known as the mighty wizard featured in Arthurian legends, starting with Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae. ...

Later, he touches on the conflict between Christianity and polytheism: Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is... Polytheism is belief in or worship of multiple gods or deities. ...

Pallenberg and Boorman's screenplay touches on the heroic themes with directness. As Arthur declares:

Soundtrack

Carl Orff Carl Orff (July 10, 1895) â€“ March 29, 1982) was a 20th-century German composer, most famous for Carmina Burana (1937). ... The name Carmina Burana refers both to a collection of 13th-century songs and poetry, and 20th-century musical settings of texts from it. ... For other uses, see Excalibur (disambiguation). ... Poster for The Perils of Pauline (1914). ... A prelude is a short piece of music, usually in no particular internal form, which may serve as an introduction to succeeding movements of a work that are usually longer and more complex. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 â€“ 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... Tristan und Isolde (Tristan and Isolde) is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner to a German libretto by the composer, based largely on the romance by Gottfried von StraÃŸburg. ... Parsifal is an opera, or music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner. ...

Awards

Alex Thomson, the film's cinematographer, was nominated for Best Cinematography at the 1982 Academy Awards, but lost to Vittorio Storaro for Reds. Alex Thomson is a UK television journalist and newscaster. ... Cameraman redirects here. ... The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is awarded each year to a cinematographer for his work in one particular motion picture. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Vittorio Storaro (born 24 June 1940 in Rome, Italy) is a Italian cinematographer. ... Reds is a 1981 film starring Warren Beatty and Diane Keaton. ...

Contents

Cast and crew

Plot

Production

Adaptation

Quotations

Soundtrack

Awards

See also

References

External links

Contents

Cast and crew GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Plot

Production

Adaptation

Quotations

Soundtrack

Awards

See also

References

External links

Cast and crew