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The Exchequer was (and in some cases still is) a part of the governments of England (latterly to include Wales, Scotland and Ireland) that was responsible for the management and collection of revenues. The various Exchequers also developed a judicial role. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi Population - 2006 est. ...
This article is about the country. ...
Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots2 Government - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - UK Prime Minister Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by Kenneth I 843 Area - Total 78,772 km...
Revenue is a U.S. business term for the amount of money that a company earns from its activities in a given period, mostly from sales of products and/or services to customers. ...
History of the Exchequer in England and Wales
At an early stage in England (certainly by 1190) it split into a purely administrative part, the Exchequer of Receipt, which collected revenue, and a judicial part, the Exchequer of Pleas, which was a court concerned with the King's revenue. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi Population - 2006 est. ...
The Exchequer of Pleas or Exchequer was one of the three common-law courts of Medieval and Early Modern England. ...
Originally the Exchequer referred to the cloth laid over a large table, 10 feet by 5, on which counters were placed representing various values. According to the Dialogue concerning the Exchequer, an early Medieval work describing the practice of the Exchequer, the name referred to the resemblance of the table with that of a chess board. The Dialogue concerning the Exchequer or Dialogus de Scaccario was an early Mediaeval treatise on the practice of the Exchequer. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ...
Chess is a recreational and competitive sport for two players. ...
The term "Exchequer" then came to refer to the twice yearly meetings held at Easter and Michaelmas at which government financial business was transacted and an audit held of sheriff's returns. This article is about the Christian festival. ...
Michaelmas (pronounced ), or the Feast of Ss. ...
Look up Sheriff in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Under Henry I, the procedure for the audit adopted would involve the Treasurer drawing up a summons which would be sent to each Sheriff, which they would be required to answer. The Treasurer would call on each Sheriff to give account of Royal income in their Shire. The Chancellor of the Exchequer would then question them concerning debts owed by private individuals. The results of the audit were recorded in a series of records known as the Pipe Rolls. Henry I (circa 1068 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and the first born in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. ...
An audit is an evaluation of an organization, system, process, project or product. ...
In many governments, a treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury. ...
A summons is a legal document issued by a court (a judicial summons) or by an administrative agency of government (an administrative summons) for various purposes. ...
Look up Sheriff in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A shire is an administrative area of Great Britain and Australia. ...
The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British cabinet minister responsible for all financial matters. ...
The Pipe Rolls are a series of financial records from England, beginning in 1130 and lasting, mostly complete, until 1833. ...
After the Union The Exchequer became unnecessary as a revenue collecting department as a result of Pitt's reforms. It was abolished in 1834. Those government departments collecting revenue paid it directly to the Bank of England. William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a British politician of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. ...
1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Headquarters London Governor Mervyn King Central Bank of United Kingdom Currency Pound Sterling ISO 4217 Code GBP Base borrowing rate 5. ...
By extension exchequer has come to mean the Treasury; and, colloquially, pecuniary possessions in general; as, 'the company's exchequer' is low. The new eastern entrance to HM Treasury HM Treasury, in full Her Majestys Treasury, informally The Treasury, is the United Kingdom government department responsible for developing and executing the UK Governments financial and economic policy. ...
An example of Money. ...
History of the Exchequer in Scotland The Scottish Exchequer dates back to around 1200 and had a similar role of auditing and deciding on royal revenues as in England. The Scottish exchequer was slower to develop a separate judicial role, and it was not until 1584 that it became a court of law, separate from the King's council. Even then, the judicial and administrative roles never became completely separated into two bodies, as with the English Exchequer. Events University of Paris receives charter from Philip II of France The Kanem-Bornu Empire was established in northern Africa around the year 1200 Mongol victory over Northern China — 30,000,000 killed Births Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (died 1265) Ulrich von Liechtenstein, German nobleman and poet (died...
1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...
The term Court of the Exchequer was only used of the Exchequer department during the Scottish administration of Oliver Cromwell between 1655 and 1659. Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599–September 3, 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the Commonwealth of England. ...
Events March 25 - Saturns largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens. ...
// Events May 25 - Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth. ...
In 1708, the Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act (6 Anne c. 53) reconstituted the Exchequer into a court on the English model with a Lord Chief Baron and 4 Barons. The court adopted English forms of procedure and had further powers added to it. // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J...
From 1832 no new Barons were appointed, and their role was increasingly taken over by judges of the Court of Session. By the Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1856 (19 & 20 Vict. c. 56) the Exchequer became a part of the Court of Session. One of the Lords Ordinary acts as a judge in Exchequer causes. The English forms of process ceased to be used in 1947. 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
The Court of Session is the supreme civil court in Scotland. ...
Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...
See also Under the Merovingians and Carolingians, the fisc (Root word of fiscal) applied to the royal demesne which paid taxes, entirely in kind, from which the royal household was meant to be supported, though it rarely was. ...
The Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a senior pre-Union officer in Scotland. ...
The Court of Exchequer was formerly a distinct part of the court system in Scotland. ...
The Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer was a member of the government of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under the Kingdom of Ireland. ...
The Minister for Finance is the senior minister at the Department of Finance (An Roinn Airgeadais) in the Irish Government. ...
Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer is the first baron of the Exchequer. ...
External link
References - Keir, D. L. The Constitutional History of Modern Britain 1485-1937. Third Edition. A & C Black 1946.
- Warren, W. L. The Governance of Norman and Angevin England 1086-1272. Edward Arnold 1987. ISBN 0-7131-6378-X
- Murray, Athol L, Burnett, Charles J. The seals of the Exchequer of Scotland. Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 123 (1993) 439-52
- National Archives of Scotland guide to Exchequer Records.
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