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Existential philosophy grew out of the nineteenth century writings of Soren Kierkegaard and Frederick Nietzsche, and was later elaborated in the "phenomenological" philosophies of Husserl and Heidegger.
In the 1940's, the theories of existentialism were given a name, and an enormous boost in popularity, by Jean- Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and other European intellectuals who had suffered through World War II and come out on the other side with a philosophy that focused on self-reliance, authenticity, responsibility, and mortality.
The following description of existentialpsychology is founded mostly from the writings of Rollo May, one of the more philosophically-minded of the humanistic psychologists.