|
An exotic atom is the anologue of a normal atom in which one or more of the electrons are replaced by other negative particles, such as a muon or a pion, or the positively charged nucleus is replaced by other positively charged elementary particles, or both. Properties An atom (Greek άτομον from ά: non and τομον: divisible) is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter. ...
Properties The electron is a fundamental subatomic particle which carries a negative electric charge. ...
The moons shadow, as seen in muons 700m below ground at the Soudan 2 detector. ...
In particle physics, pion (short for the Greek pi meson = P middle) is the collective name for three subatomic particles discovered in 1947: π0, π+ and π−. Pions are the lightest mesons. ...
A stylized representation of a lithium atom. ...
"Mesonic" atoms A mesonic atom is an atom in which the nucleus remains as it is, but one or more of the orbital electrons is replaced by a meson. Mesons are particles which can interact via the strong interaction. Therefore the energy levels of such atoms are influenced by the strong force between their nucleus and the meson. Properties An atom (Greek άτομον from ά: non and τομον: divisible) is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter. ...
In particle physics, a meson is a strongly interacting boson, that is, it is a hadron with integral spin. ...
The strong interaction or strong force is today understood to represent the interactions between quarks and gluons as detailed by the theory of quantum chromodynamics. ...
Nucleus can mean: The Nuclear Envelope The nucleus is enveloped by a pair of membranes enclosing a lumen that is continuous with that of the endoplasmic reticulum. ...
In a muonic atom, an electron is replaced by a muon. As the muon is a lepton which only are sensitive to weak, electromagnetic (and gravitational) forces, muonic atoms are governed to very high precision by the electromagnetic interaction. There are no complications due to strong forces between the lepton and the nucleus. Due to the relatively high mass of the muon as compared to an electron, the Bohr orbits are closer to the nucleus, and corrections due to quantum electrodynamics are more important than in the usual atoms. Energy levels as well as transition rates from excited states to the ground state are interesting from this point of view. The moons shadow, as seen in muons 700m below ground at the Soudan 2 detector. ...
In physics, a particle is a lepton if it has a spin of 1/2 and does not experience the strong nuclear force. ...
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is a quantum field theory of electromagnetism. ...
In a truly mesonic atom, nuclear force effects are comparable to the effects of quantum electrodynamics, since the atomic orbitals are close enough to the nucleus for these short ranged interactions to be important. These tend to decrease the lifetime of these atoms to the point where transitions between different atomic levels are not observable. Thus pionium and kaonic hydrogen are interesting probes of the theory of strong interactions, called quantum chromodynamics. The nuclear force (or inter-nucleon potential) is the force between two or more nucleons. ...
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is a quantum field theory of electromagnetism. ...
Pionium is an exotic atom consisting of a π+ and a π− meson. ...
Kaonic hydrogen is an exotic atom with a negatively charged kaon orbiting a proton. ...
The strong interaction or strong force is today understood to represent the interactions between quarks and gluons as detailed by the theory of quantum chromodynamics. ...
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory describing one of the fundamental forces, the strong interaction. ...
"Onia" An onium is the bound state of a particle and its antiparticle. The paradigmatic "onium" is positronium which consists of an electron and a positron bound to each other as a (long-lived) meta-stable state. Studies of positronium were undertaken in the 1950s in the hope that they would lead to a detailed understanding of bound states in quantum field theory. It is still used for this purpose: a recent development called non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED) used this system as a proving ground. One isotope of muonium similiarly contains a muon and an antimuon. Positronium is a quasi-stable system consisting of a positron and its anti-particle, an electron, bound together into an exotic atom. ...
Properties The electron is a fundamental subatomic particle which carries a negative electric charge. ...
The first detection of the positron in 1932 by Carl D. Anderson The positron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. ...
// Events and trends This map shows two essential global spheres during the Cold War in 1959. ...
Quantum field theory (QFT) is the application of quantum mechanics to fields. ...
A muonium particle is an exotic atom made up of a positive muon and an electron, and is given the symbol Mu or μ+e–. During the muons 2 microsecond lifetime, muonium can enter into compounds such as muonium chloride (MuCl) or sodium muonide (NaMu). ...
Pionium, ie, a bound state of two oppositely charge pions are interesting from the point of view of exploration of the strong interaction. This is also true of the hypothesized protonium. However, the true analogues of the positronium in the theory of strong interactions are the quarkonium states made of heavy quarks such as the charm or bottom (top quarks are so heavy that they decay through the weak force before they are able to bind). Exploration of these states through non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) and lattice QCD are increasingly important tests of quantum chromodynamics. Pionium is an exotic atom consisting of a π+ and a π− meson. ...
In particle physics, pion (short for the Greek pi meson = P middle) is the collective name for three subatomic particles discovered in 1947: π0, π+ and π−. Pions are the lightest mesons. ...
The strong interaction or strong force is today understood to represent the interactions between quarks and gluons as detailed by the theory of quantum chromodynamics. ...
Protonium is a type of exotic atom in which an antiproton orbits a proton or a proton orbits an antiproton. ...
In high energy physics, a quarkonium (pl. ...
For other uses of this term, see: Quark (disambiguation) 1974 discovery photograph of a possible charmed baryon In particle physics, the quarks are subatomic particles thought to be elemental and indivisible. ...
The bottom quark is a third-generation quark with a charge of -(1/3)e. ...
The top quark is a third-generation quark with a charge of +(2/3)e. ...
The weak nuclear force or weak interaction is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. ...
It has been suggested that lattice field theory be merged into this article or section. ...
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory describing one of the fundamental forces, the strong interaction. ...
Understanding bound states of hadrons such as pionium and protonium are also important in order to clarify notions related to hadronic exotics such as mesonic molecules and pentaquark states. In particle physics, a hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong nuclear force. ...
Pionium is an exotic atom consisting of a π+ and a π− meson. ...
Protonium is a type of exotic atom in which an antiproton orbits a proton or a proton orbits an antiproton. ...
In particle physics, a hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong nuclear force. ...
A pentaquark is a subatomic particle consisting of a group of five quarks (compared to three quarks in normal baryons and two in mesons), or more specifically four quarks and one anti-quark. ...
In condensed matter systems, specifically in some semiconductors, there are states called excitons which are a bound state of an electron and a electron hole. A semiconductor is a material with an electrical conductivity that is intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor. ...
An exciton is a bound state of an electron and an imaginary particle called an electron hole in an insulator (or semiconductor), or in other words, a Coulomb correlated electron-hole pair. ...
In solid state physics, an electron hole (usually referred to simply as a hole) is the absence of an electron from the otherwise full valence band. ...
Extended objects Although a neutron star could logically be classed as an exotic atom, since the bulk of the star is one huge atomic nucleus and electrical neutrality forces it to have a thin shell of electrons surrounding it, it is more profitable to consider such objects as stars. Similiarly, stars made of other forms of quark matter are also best considered as systems distinct from such exotic atoms. Cross section of a neutron star A neutron star is a type of degenerate star composed mostly of densely packed neutrons, generally about 25 km in diameter and as massive as an average star. ...
A stylized representation of a lithium atom. ...
Quark Matter refers to any of a number of phases of matter built out of quarks and gluons. ...
See also |
Feeds |
Contact