NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Exploration of the Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings, or Wadi el-Muluk (وادي الملوك) in Arabic, is a valley in Egypt where tombs were built for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom, the Eighteenth through Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. Panoramic view of the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. ... Panoramic view of the Valley of the Kings, Egypt. ... The Arabic language (Arabic: â€Ž translit: ), or simply Arabic (Arabic: â€Ž translit: ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Fljótsdalur in East-Iceland A valley is a landform, which can range from a few square miles (square kilometers) to hundreds or even thousands of square miles (square kilometers) in area. ... A tomb is a small building (or vault) for the remains of the dead, with walls, a roof, and (if it is to be used for more than one corpse) a door. ... Pharaoh (Arabic ÙØ±Ø¹ÙˆÙ† ) (Hebrew ×¤Ö¼Ö·×¨Ö°×¢Ö¹×” ); is a title used to refer to the kings (of godly status) in ancient Egypt. ... This is a Conventional Egyptian chronology. ... Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Eighteenth Dynasty. ... Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Twentieth Dynasty. ... Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ...

The valley is located at 25°44′N 32°36′E. It stands on the west bank of the Nile, across from Thebes (modern Luxor), under the peak of the pyramid-shaped mountain Al-Qurn. It is separated into the East and West Valleys, with most of the important tombs in the East Valley. The West Valley has only one tomb open to the public: the tomb of Ay, Tutankhamun's successor. There are a number of other important burials there, including that of Amenhotep III, but these are still being excavated and are not publicly accessible. The Nile (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù†ÙŠÙ„ an-nÄ«l), in Africa, is the longest river on Earth. ... Thebes [Î˜Î·Î²Î±Î¹ ThÄ“bai] is the Greek designation of ancient Egyptian niwt (The) City and niwt-rst (The) Southern City. It is located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the Nile (25. ... The River Nile at Luxor Pharaonic statue in Luxor Temple Hot-air ballooning in Luxor Luxor (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù‚ØµØ± ) is a city in Upper (southern) Egypt and the capital of the Al Uqsur governorate, population approximately 200,000. ... Geometric shape created by connecting a polygonal base to an apex For other versions including architectural Pyramids, see Pyramid (disambiguation). ... The peak of al-Qurn Located on the West bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes, modern Luxor, the peak al-Qurn is the modern Arabic name for the highest point in the Theban Hills. ... nomen or birth name Kheperkheprure Ay (occasionally Aya or Aye) was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypts 18th dynasty. ... A speculative portrait of the young Tutankhamun by Winifred Brunton. ... nomen or birth name Nebmaatre Amenhotep III (called Nibmu(`w)areya in the Amarna letters) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty. ...

The official name for the site was The Great and Majestic Necropolis of the Millions of Years of the Pharaoh, Life, Strength, Health in The West of Thebes, or more usually, Ta-sekhet-ma'at (the Great Field).

The Valley was used for primary burials from approximately 1539 BC to 1075 BC, and contains some 64 tombs, starting with Thutmose I and ending with Ramesses X or XI. (Redirected from 1539 BC) Centuries: 17th century BC - 16th century BC - 15th century BC Decades: 1580s BC 1570s BC 1560s BC 1550s BC 1540s BC - 1530s BC - 1520s BC 1510s BC 1500s BC 1490s BC 1480s BC Events and Trends 1539 BC: Approximate first use of the Valley of the... (Redirected from 1075 BC) Centuries: 12th century BC - 11th century BC - 10th century BC Decades: 1120s BC 1110s BC 1100s BC 1090s BC 1080s BC - 1070s BC - 1060s BC 1050s BC 1040s BC 1030s BC 1020s BC Events and Trends 1079 BC - Death of Zhou cheng wang, King of the... nomen or birth name Akheperkare Thutmose I (d. ... Khepermare Ramesses X (also written Ramses and Rameses) Amonhirkhepeshef (ruled c. ... Menmare Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned 1102 BC â€“ 1073 BC or 1069 BC) was the tenth and final king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. ...

The Valley of the Kings also had tombs for the favourite nobles and the wives and children of both the nobles and pharaohs. Around the time of Ramesses I (ca. 1300 BC) the Valley of the Queens was begun, although some wives were still buried with their husbands. nomen or birth name Menpehtyre Ramesses I (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the founding Pharaoh of Ancient Egypts 19th dynasty. ... The Valley of the Queens or Wadi el-Melikat is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharoahs were buried in ancient times. ...

Geology

The quality of the rock in the Valley is very inconsistent. Tombs were built, by cutting through various layers of limestone, each with its own quality. This poses problems for modern day conservators, as it must have to the original architects. Building plans were probably changed on account of this. The most serious problem are the shale layers. This fine material expands when it comes into contact with water. This has damaged many tombs, particularly during floods. Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... Shale Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. ... Water (from the Old English waeter; c. ... Look up flood in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The investigation of the Amarna Royal Tombs Project (1998 – 2002) investigated the valley floor with ground-penetrating radar, and found that below the modern surface the Valley’s cliffs descend beneath the scree in a series of abrupt, natural "shelves", arranged one below the other, descending several metres down to the bedrock in the valley floor. [1] A ground-penetrating radar data image, generated as part of the search for the head of Yagan within a grave site in Everton Cemetery in 1997. ...

Important tombs

The tombs are numbered in the order of 'discovery' from Ramesses VII (KV1) to the recently discovered KV63, although some of the tombs have been open since antiquity, and KV5 has only recently been rediscovered. The abbreviation "KV" stands for "Kings' Valley". A number of the tombs are unoccupied, the owners of others remain unknown, and some are merely pits used for storage. Only the principal tombs are noted here (these are the publicly accessible or best known tombs). Sketch map of the major tombs in the Valley The following is a list of burials in the Valley of the Kings, in Thebes (modern Luxor in Egypt) and nearby areas. ... Nebmaatre Meryamun Ramesses VII (also written Ramses and Rameses) (reigned from 1134 BC to 1126 BC). ... [KV2] ... KV63 is the most recently discovered chamber in Egypts Valley of the Kings pharaonic necropolis. ... KV5 is the tomb of the sons of Ramesses II, and the recent discovery of its great extent has been called the most amazing discovery in the Valley of the Kings since the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun. ...

East Valley

Most of the open tombs in the Valley of the Kings are located in the East Valley, and this is where most tourists can be found.

The recently rediscovered tomb of some of the sons of Ramesses II. With 120 known rooms and excavation work still underway, it is probably the largest tomb in the valley. It is not currently open to the public. Image File history File links Grabmalereien. ... Image File history File links Grabmalereien. ... Menmare Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned 1102 BC â€“ 1073 BC or 1069 BC) was the tenth and final king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. ... âž¥the Epopt 30 June 2005 19:23 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ... nomen or birth name Heqamaatre Ramesses IV (often written Ramses or Rameses) was the third pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. ... Naturenet | Talk 29 June 2005 16:09 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ... KV5 is the tomb of the sons of Ramesses II, and the recent discovery of its great extent has been called the most amazing discovery in the Valley of the Kings since the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun. ... nomen or birth name Ramesses II, Abu Simbel Ramesses II (also known as Ramesses the Great and alternatively transcribed as Ramses and Rameses) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty. ...

The ruined tomb of Ramesses the Great is not open to the public, and due to its condition (largely uncleared and still in danger of collapse) it may never be. Tomb of Ramses IX Valley of the Kings Photo taken by Hajor, Dec. ... Tomb of Ramses IX Valley of the Kings Photo taken by Hajor, Dec. ... Tomb Interior of Ramesses IX Neferkare Ramesses IX (also written Ramses and Rameses) (1124 BC â€“ 1106 BC) was the eighth king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. ... Ramses IXs names appear on the doorway to the tomb This article is about a tomb in the Theban Necropolis. ... nomen or birth name Ramesses II, Abu Simbel Ramesses II (also known as Ramesses the Great and alternatively transcribed as Ramses and Rameses) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty. ... Tomb KV7, located in the Valley of the Kings, is the tomb of Ramesses II, and is located in the main valley, opposite the tomb of his sons, KV5, and near to the tomb of his son and successor, Merenptah, KV8. ...

The tomb of Merenptah is one of the tombs that can be viewed by the public, although in 2005 it was not open. Sarcophagus of Pharaoh Merenptah Tomb KV8, Valley of the Kings Photo taken by Hajor, Dec. ... Sarcophagus of Pharaoh Merenptah Tomb KV8, Valley of the Kings Photo taken by Hajor, Dec. ... Merneptah (occasionally: Merenptah) was pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (1213 – 1203 BC), the fourth ruler of the 19th Dynasty. ... Tomb KV8, located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt was used for the burial of Merenptah of the Nineteenth Dynasty. ...

Also known as the Tomb of Memnon or La Tombe de la Métempsychose, this is the tomb of Ramesses V and Ramesses VI. Ramesses V (also written Ramses and Rameses) (reigned 1146 BC to 1142 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. ... Image of Ramesses VI on display at the Louvre Ramesses VI (also written Ramses and Rameses) (reigned 1142 BC to 1134 BC) was the fifth ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt and his tomb, KV9, is located near King Tutankhamens in the Valley of the Kings. ... Tomb KV9 in Egypts Valley of the Kings was original constructed by Ramses V, and he was interred here, but his brother Ramses VI later reused the tomb as his own. ...

The tomb of Ramesses III (or Bruce's Tomb, The Harper's Tomb) is one of the largest tombs in the valley, and is open to the public, it is located close to the central 'rest–area', and is usually one of the tombs visited by tourists. Image File history File links Luxor,_Tal_der_KÃ¶nige,_Grab_von_Thutmosis_III._(1,_1995,_800x570). ... Image File history File links Luxor,_Tal_der_KÃ¶nige,_Grab_von_Thutmosis_III._(1,_1995,_800x570). ... Osirid statues of Ramses III at his temple at Medinet Habu. ... Located in the main valley of the Valley of the Kings, tomb KV11 was originally started by Setnakhte, but abandoned when it broken into another tomb (KV10), then restarted and extended by Ramesses III. Categories: Ancient Egypt stubs | Valley of the Kings ...

The tomb of Seti I and is also known as Belzoni's tomb, the tomb of Apis, or the tomb of Psammis, son of Necho. Queen Twosret Sitre Meryamun was a Queen of Egypt and the last Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty. ... Userkhaure-setepenre Setnakhte (also Setnakht) was the first Pharaoh (1186 BC-1183 BC) of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt and the father of Ramesses III. He was originally believed to have enjoyed a reign of only 2 Years based upon his Year 2 Elephantine stela... Tomb KV14 is a joint tomb, used originally by Twosret and then reused and extended by Setnakhte. ... nomen or birth name Userkheperure Setepenre/Meryamun Seti II (reigned 1200 BC - 1194 BC) was the sixth ruler of the Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt. ... Tomb KV15, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Seti II of the Nineteenth Dynasty. ... nomen or birth name Menpehtyre Ramesses I (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the founding Pharaoh of Ancient Egypts 19th dynasty. ... Tomb KV16, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses I of the Nineteenth Dynasty. ... nomen or birth name Menmaatre, or Seti I was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt), the son of Ramesses I and Queen Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II. According to some historians, he reigned between either 1294 BC or 1290 BC to 1279 BC or 1305... Tomb KV17, located in Egypts Valley of the Kings and also known by the names Belzonis tomb, the Tomb of Apis, and the Tomb of Psammis, son of Nechois, is the tomb of Pharaoh Seti I of the Nineteenth Dynasty. ... nomen or birth name Menmaatre, or Seti I was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt), the son of Ramesses I and Queen Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II. According to some historians, he reigned between either 1294 BC or 1290 BC to 1279 BC or 1305...

This tomb was originally the tomb of Amenhotep II. Over a dozen mummies, many of them royal, were later relocated here (see list). Image File history File links Egypt. ... Image File history File links Egypt. ... nomen or birth name Granite statue of Pharaoh Thutmose III Menkheperre Thutmose III (also written as Tuthmosis III; called Manahpi(r)ya in the Amarna letters) (d. ... KV34 is accessed by a steep metal staircase Tomb KV34 in the Valley of the Kings (near modern-day Luxor, Egypt) was the final resting place of 18th dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III. One of the first tombs to be dug in the Valley, it was cut high in the cliff... nomen or birth name Aakheperure Amenhotep II (d. ... KV35 in the Valley of the Kings (Luxor, Egypt) is the tomb of Amenhotep II. It was discovered by Victor Loret in April 1898. ... KV35 in the Valley of the Kings (Luxor, Egypt) is the tomb of Amenhotep II. It was discovered by Victor Loret in April 1898. ...

The tomb of the nobles Yuya and Tjuyu, who were possibly the parents of Queen Tiy. Until the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun, this was the best preserved tomb to be found in the Valley. nomen or birth name Djeserkare Amenhotep I (d. ... Tomb KV39 in the Valley of the Kings is one of the possible locations of the tomb of Amenhotep I. It is located high in the cliffs, away from the main valley bottom and other royal burials. ... Image File history File links Egypt. ... Image File history File links Egypt. ... nomen or birth name Menkheperure Thutmose IV (d. ... Thutmose receives life from, in turn, Osiris, Anubis, and Hathor (wall decoration in KV43) KV43 is the tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose IV in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt. ... Yuya (left), suspected of being foreign, compared with his Egyptian wife Tuya (right). ... Tjuyu (sometimes transliterated as Thuyu) was an Egyptian noblewoman and descedant of Ahmose-Nefertari. ... Tomb KV46 in the Valley of the Kings is the tomb of Yuya and his wife Thuya, the parents of Queen Tiye, the wife of Amenhotep III. It was the discovered in February 1905, and until the discovery of Tutankhamuns tomb it was the richest tomb found in the... Tiy (c. ...

The tomb maybe another mummy cache, and has the possible burials of several Amarna Period royals – Tiy and Smenkhkare/Akhenaten. nomen or birth name Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merneptah Siptah was the son of Seti II and Queen Tiaa. ... Tomb KV47, located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt was used for the burial of Siptah of the Nineteenth Dynasty. ... Amarna (commonly known as el-Amarna) is the name given to an extensive archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty (c. ... Tomb KV55 in Egypts Valley of the Kings is arguably one of the most talked about tombs of the entire Theban Necropolis, perhaps due to its clear connections with the reign of the Pharaoh Akhenaten. ... Tiy (c. ... Smenkhkare (sometimes spelled Smenkhare and Smenkare; meaning Strong is the Soul of Ra) was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, successor of the heretic Akhenaten, and predecessor of Tutankhamen. ... Bust of Pharaoh Akhenaten. ...

Perhaps the most famous discovery of modern Western archaeology was made here by Howard Carter on November 4, 1922, with clearance and conservation work continuing until 1932. King Tutankhamun's tomb was the first royal tomb to be discovered that was still largely intact (although tomb robbers had entered it), and was, until the excavation of KV63 in 2006, considered the last major discovery in the valley. The opulence of his grave goods notwithstanding, Tutankhamun was a rather minor king and other burials probably had more numerous treasures. Some members of the archaeological teams led by Carter and later archaeologists contracted local lethal viruses through food or animals (particularly insects), resulting in the infamous "Curse of the Pharaohs" modern legend. nomen or birth name Djeserkheperure Horemheb was the last Pharaoh of Ancient Egypts 18th Dynasty from 1321 BC to early 1292 BC. Horemheb came from Herakleopolis Magna near the entrance to the Fayum. ... Tomb KV57, located in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt was used for the burial of Horemheb of the Eighteenth dynasty. ... Painted walls in the burial chamber KV62 (Tutankhamuns tomb) Valley of the Kings, Egypt Photo taken by Hajor, Dec. ... Painted walls in the burial chamber KV62 (Tutankhamuns tomb) Valley of the Kings, Egypt Photo taken by Hajor, Dec. ... A speculative portrait of the young Tutankhamun by Winifred Brunton. ... The pharaohs solid gold funerary mask was laid to rest with him in KV62 The wall decorations in KV62s burial chamber are modest in comparison to other tombs in the Valley Tomb KV62 in Egypts Valley of the Kings is the Tomb of Tutankhamun, famous the world... Archaeology, archeology, or archÃ¦ology (from the Greek words Î±ÏÏ‡Î±Î¯Î¿Ï‚ = ancient and Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚ = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Plate LXXA shows detail on a ceremonial walking staff found buried with Tutankhamun; it depicts the two foes, or the Northern and Southern enemies of Egypt. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... KV63 is the most recently discovered chamber in Egypts Valley of the Kings pharaonic necropolis. ... A speculative portrait of the young Tutankhamun by Winifred Brunton. ... The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) A bacteriophage virus A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic particle that infects cells in biological organisms. ... Phyla Animals are a major group of organisms, classified as the kingdom Animalia or MetaÂzoa. ... Classes & Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely-distributed taxon within the phylum Arthropoda. ... The Curse of the Pharaohs refers to the belief that any person who disturbs the mummy of an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh is placed under a curse whereby they will shortly die. ...

KV63 is the most recently discovered chamber in Egypts Valley of the Kings pharaonic necropolis. ... Download high resolution version (3141x858, 623 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (3141x858, 623 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

West Valley

The numbering the West Valley follows in sequence to that of the East Valley, and there are only four known tombs and several pits in this branch of the valley.

This is the tomb of one the greatest rulers of the Egyptian New Kingdom, Amenhotep III. It has recently been re–investigated, but is not open to the public. Tomb WV22 in the Western arm of the Valley of the Kings was used as the resting of the one the greatest rulers of Egypts New Kingdom, Amenhotep III. It was officially discovered by Prosper Jollois and Eduard de Villiers du Terrage, engineers with Napoleons expedition to Egypt in... The New Kingdom is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BCE and the 11th century BCE, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt. ... nomen or birth name Nebmaatre Amenhotep III (called Nibmu(`w)areya in the Amarna letters) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty. ...

The reconstructed tomb of Ay is the only tomb that is open to the public in the West Valley. .. contains a broken sarcophagus and some bad fresco painting of peculiarly short and graceless proportions. ... nomen or birth name Kheperkheprure Ay (occasionally Aya or Aye) was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypts 18th dynasty. ...

This tomb may have been started as the Theban burial of Akhenaten, but it was never finished. WV25 in the West Valley of the Valley of the Kings, is clearly the beginnings of a Royal Tomb, but was never finished or decorated. ... Bust of Pharaoh Akhenaten. ...

Deir el-Bahri

While this tomb is not strictly in the Valley of the Kings, it contained an astounding mummy cache. It is located in the cliffs overlooking Hatshepsut's famous temple at Deir el-Bahri, was found to contain many of Egypt's most famous pharaohs. They were found in a great state of disorder, many placed in other people's coffins, and several are still unidentified. Tomb DB320 is located next to Deir el-Bahri, in the Theban Necropolis, opposite modern Luxor contained an extraordinary cache of mummified remains and funeral equipment of more than 50 kings, queens, royals and various nobility. ... An indurated limestone sculpture of Hatshepsut in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. ... Djeser-Djeseru â€“ the focal point of the complex Deir el-Bahri (Arabic Ø¯ÙŠØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ±ÙŠ dayr al-baá¸¥rÄ«, literally meaning, â€œThe Northern Monasteryâ€) is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt. ...

Decline of the Royal Necropolis

By the end of the New Kingdom, Egypt had entered a long period of political and economic decline. The priests at Thebes grew in power and effectively administered Upper Egypt, while kings ruling from Tanis controlled Lower Egypt. The Valley began to be heavily plundered, so during the 21st Dynasty the priests of Amen opened most of the tombs and moved the mummies into three tombs in order to better protect them, even removing most of their treasure in order to further protect the bodies from robbers. Later most of these were moved to a single cache near Deir el-Bari (see below). During the later Third Intermediate Period and later periods, intrusive burials were introduced into many of the open tombs. or Tanis (Î¤Î¬Î½Î¹Ï‚), the Greek name of ancient Djanet (modern ØµØ§Ù† Ø§Ù„ØØ¬Ø± á¹¢Än al-á¸¤aÇ§ar), is a city in the north-eastern Nile delta of Egypt (). It lays on the Tanitic branch of the Nile (now silted up), and it was the supposed site of some of the action in the film... Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Twenty-First Dynasty. ... The word Amen (Tiberian Hebrew ××ž×Ÿ â€™Ä€mÄ“n So be it; truly, Standard Hebrew ××ž×Ÿ Amen, Arabic Ø¢Ù…ÙŠÙ† â€™Ä€mÄ«n) is a declaration of affirmation found in the Hebrew Bible and in the Quran. ... The Third Intermediate Period is a phrase used to refer the period of the history of Ancient Egypt from the death of pharaoh Rameses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I, following the expulsion of the Nubian rulers of the Twenty-fifth...

Grave robbers

Almost all of the tombs have been ransacked, including Tutankhamun's, though in his case, it seems that the robbers were interrupted, so very little was removed.

The valley was surrounded by steep cliffs and heavily guarded. In 1090 BC, or the year of the Hyena, there was a collapse in Egypt's economy leading to the emergence of tomb robbers. Because of this, it was also the last year that the valley was used for burial. (Redirected from 1090 BC) Centuries: 12th century BC - 11th century BC - 10th century BC Decades: 1140s BC 1130s BC 1120s BC 1110s BC 1100s BC - 1090s BC - 1080s BC 1070s BC 1060s BC 1050s BC 1040s BC Events and Trends Significant People Categories: 1090s BC ...

The valley also seems to have suffered an official plundering during the virtual civil war which started in the reign of Ramesses XI. The tombs were opened, all the valuables removed, and the mummies collected into two large caches. One, the so-called Deir el-Bahri cache, contained no less than forty royal mummies and their coffins; the other, in the tomb of Amenhotep II, contained a further sixteen. Menmare Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned 1102 BC â€“ 1073 BC or 1069 BC) was the tenth and final king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. ... Djeser-Djeseru â€“ the focal point of the complex Deir el-Bahri (Arabic Ø¯ÙŠØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ±ÙŠ dayr al-baá¸¥rÄ«, literally meaning, â€œThe Northern Monasteryâ€) is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt. ... nomen or birth name Aakheperure Amenhotep II (d. ...

Exploration of the Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings has been a major area of modern Egyptological exploration for the last two centuries. Before this the area was a site for tourism in antiquity (especially during Roman times). This areas illustrates the changes in the study of ancient Egypt, starting as antiquity hunting, and ending as scientific excavation of the whole Theban Necropolis. Despite the exploration and investigation noted below, only eleven of the tombs have actually been completely recorded. Egyptology is the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and Egyptian antiquities and is a regional and thematic branch of the larger disciplines of ancient history and archaeology. ... The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ... The Theban Necropolis is an area of the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes in Egypt. ...

Antiquity

The Greek writers Strabo and Diodorus Siculus were able to report that the total number of Theban royal tombs was 47, of which at the time only 17 were believed to be undestroyed. Pausanias and others wrote of the pipe-like corridors of the Valley – i.e. the tombs. the Greek georgapher Strabo, in a 16thâ€‘century engraving. ... Diodorus Siculus (c. ... Pausanias is the name of several ancient people: Pausanias was a Spartan general of the 5th century BC. Pausanias of Sparta was King of Sparta from 409 BC-395 BC. Pausanias was the servant/lover who assassinated Philip II of Macedon in 336 BC Pausanias, Greek traveller and geographer of...

Clearly others also visited the valley in these times, as many of the tombs have graffiti written by these ancient tourists. Jules Baillet located over 2000 Greek and Latin graffiti, along with a smaller number in Phoenician, Cypriot, Lycian, Coptic, and other languages. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Phoenician can mean: The Phoenician ancient civilization The Phoenician alphabet The Phoenician languages This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The word Lycian can mean: The Lycian language From or related to Lycia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Coptic is the last phase of ancient Egyptian. ...

Eighteenth Century

Before the nineteenth century, travel from Europe to Thebes (and indeed anywhere in Egypt) was difficult, time-consuming and expensive, and only the hardiest of European travelers visited – before the travels of Father Claude Sicard in 1726, it was unclear just where Thebes really was. It was known to be on the Nile, but it was often confused with Memphis and several other sites. One of the first travelers to record what he saw at Thebes was Frederic Louis Norden, a Danish adventurer and artist. He was followed by Richard Pococke, who published the first modern map of the valley itself, in 1743. Thebes [Î˜Î·Î²Î±Î¹ ThÄ“bai] is the Greek designation of ancient Egyptian niwt (The) City and niwt-rst (The) Southern City. It is located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the Nile (25. ... The Nile (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù†ÙŠÙ„ an-nÄ«l), in Africa, is the longest river on Earth. ... Memphis, coordiates , , was the ancient capital of the first nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 1300 BC. Its Ancient Egyptian name was Ineb Hedj (The White Walls). The name Memphis is the Greek deformation of the Egyptian name of Pepi... Frederic Louis Norden (October 22, 1708 â€“ September 22, 1742), Danish naval captain and explorer. ... Richard Pococke (1704-1765) was an English prelate and anthropologist. ...

French Expedition

In 1799, Napoleon's expedition drew maps and plans of the known tombs, and for the first time noted the Western Valley (where Prosper Jollois and Édouard de Villiers du Terrage located the tomb of Amenhotep III, WV22). The Description de l'Égypte contains two volumes (out a total of 19) on the area around Thebes. For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois (1776 â€“ 1842) was a French engineer who together with Ã‰douard de Villiers du Terrage journeyed with Napoleon to Egypt, and prepared the Description de lEgypte. ... Ã‰douard de Villiers du Terrage (1780â€“1855) was a French engineer who together with Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois journeyed with Napoleon to Egypt, and prepared the Categories: 1780 births | 1855 deaths | Egyptologists ... nomen or birth name Nebmaatre Amenhotep III (called Nibmu(`w)areya in the Amarna letters) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty. ... Tomb WV22 in the Western arm of the Valley of the Kings was used as the resting of the one the greatest rulers of Egypts New Kingdom, Amenhotep III. It was officially discovered by Prosper Jollois and Eduard de Villiers du Terrage, engineers with Napoleons expedition to Egypt in... Description de lEgypte is the title of several books. ...

Nineteenth Century

European exploration continued in the area around Thebes during the Nineteenth Century, boosted by Champollion's translation of hieroglyphs early in the century. Early in the century, the area was visited by Belzoni, working for Henry Salt, who discovered several tombs, including that of those of Ay in the West Valley (WV23) in 1816 and Seti I (KV17) the next year. At the end of his visits, Belzoni declared that all of the tombs had been found and nothing of note remained to be found. Jean_François Champollion For the comet rendezvous spacecraft, see Champollion (spacecraft). ... Giovanni Battista Belzoni (November 15, 1778 â€“ December 3, 1823) was an Italian explorer of Egyptian antiquities. ... Henry Salt (June 14, 1780 – October 30, 1827) was an English artist, traveler, diplomat, and Egyptologist. ... nomen or birth name Kheperkheprure Ay (occasionally Aya or Aye) was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypts 18th dynasty. ... .. contains a broken sarcophagus and some bad fresco painting of peculiarly short and graceless proportions. ... nomen or birth name Menmaatre, or Seti I was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt), the son of Ramesses I and Queen Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II. According to some historians, he reigned between either 1294 BC or 1290 BC to 1279 BC or 1305... Tomb KV17, located in Egypts Valley of the Kings and also known by the names Belzonis tomb, the Tomb of Apis, and the Tomb of Psammis, son of Nechois, is the tomb of Pharaoh Seti I of the Nineteenth Dynasty. ...

In 1827 John Gardiner Wilkinson was assigned to paint the entry of every tomb, giving them each a designation that is still in use today – they were numbered from KV1 to KV21 (although the maps show 28 entrances, some of which were unexplored). These paintings and maps were later published in The Topography of Thebes and General Survey of Egypt, in 1830. At the same time James Burton explored the valley. His works included making KV17 safer from flooding, but he is more well known for entering KV5. John Gardiner Wilkinson (October 5, 1797 - October 29, 1875) was a well-known English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist of the 19th century. ... James Burton (1788 â€“ 1862) was an early British Egyptologist, who worked at a number of sites throughout Egypt, but notably in the Valley of the Kings. ...

In 1829, Champollion himself visited the valley, along with Ippolito Rosellini. The expedition spent two months studying the open tombs, visiting about 16 of them. They copied the inscriptions and identfied the original tomb owners. In tomb KV17, they removed some wall decorations, which are now on display in the Louvre in Paris. Ippolito Rosellini (1800-1843), Italian Egyptologist, was born at Pisa. ... I.M. Peis Louvre Pyramid: one of the entrances to the galleries lies below the glass pyramid. ... The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city For other uses, see Paris (disambiguation). ...

In 1845 – 1846 the valley was explored by Karl Richard Lepsius's expedition, they explored and documented 25 in the main valley and four in the west. Carl Richard Lepsius (December 23, 1810 - July 10, 1884) was a German professor of Egyptology and linguist. ...

The later half of the century saw a more concerted effort to preserve rather than simply gathering antiquities. Auguste Mariette's Egyptian Antiqities Service started to explore the valley, first with Eugéne Lefébre in 1883, then Jules Baillet and Georges Bénédite in early 1888 and finally Victor Loret in 1898 to 1899. During this time Georges Daressy explored KV9 and KV6. A statue of Auguste Mariette in his home city of Boulogne-sur-Mer. ... Victor Clement Georges Philippe Loret (1 September 1859 â€“ 3 February 1946) was a French Egyptologist. ...

Loret added a further 16 tombs to the list of tombs, and explored several tombs that had already been discovered.

When Gaston Maspero was reappointed to head the Egyptian Antiquities Service, the nature of the exploration of the valley changed again, Maspero appointed Howard Carter as the Chief Inspector of Upper Egypt, and the young man discovered several new tombs and explored several others, clearing KV42 and KV20. Gaston Camille Charles Maspero (June 23, 1846 - June 30, 1916), French Egyptologist, was born in Paris, his parents being of Lombard origin. ... Plate LXXA shows detail on a ceremonial walking staff found buried with Tutankhamun; it depicts the two foes, or the Northern and Southern enemies of Egypt. ...

Twentieth century

Around the turn of the Twentieth Century, the American Theodore M. Davis had the excavation permit in the valley, and his team (led mostly by Edward R. Ayrton) discovered several royal and non-royal tombs (KV43, KV46 & KV57 being the most important). In 1907 they discovered the possible Amarna Period cache in KV55. After finding what they thought was the burial of Tutankhamun (KV61), it was announced that the valley was completely explored and no further burials were to be found. An American lawyer, Theodore M. Davis (1837 - 1915) was most famous for his work excavating Egypts Valley of the Kings between 1889 and 1912. ... Edward R. Ayrton was an English archaeologist. ...

Howard Carter then acquired the right to explore the valley and after a systematic search discovered the actual tomb of Tutankhamun (KV62) in November 1922.

At the end of the century, the Theban Mapping Project re-discovered and explored tomb KV5, which has since been discovered to be probably the largest in the valley, and was either a cenotaph or real burial for the sons of Ramesses II. Elsewhere in the eastern and western branches of the valley several other expeditions cleared and studied other tombs. Recently (up until 2002) the Amarna Royal Tombs Project has been exploring the area around KV55 and KV62, the Amarna Period tombs in the main valley. The goal of the Theban Mapping Project is to create a masterplan of the Valley of the Kings and Thebes in general. ...

Twenty-first century

Various expeditions have continued to explore the valley, adding greatly to the knowledge of the area. In 2001 the Theban Mapping Project designed new signs for the tombs, providing information and plans of the open tombs. A new visitors' centre is currently being planned. The goal of the Theban Mapping Project is to create a masterplan of the Valley of the Kings and Thebes in general. ...

On February 8, 2006, an American team led by the University of Memphis uncovered a pharaonic-era tomb (KV63), the first uncovered there since King Tutankhamun's in 1922. The 18th Dynasty tomb included five mummies in intact sarcophagi with coloured funerary masks along with more than 20 large storage jars, sealed with pharaonic seals. February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Memphis is a public American research university located in Memphis, Tennessee, USA. The University was founded under the auspices of the General Education Bill, enacted by the Tennessee Legislature in 1909. ... KV63 is the most recently discovered chamber in Egypts Valley of the Kings pharaonic necropolis. ...

Miscellanea

Pets and humans often contribute toward the happiness of the other in a pet relationship. ... Phyla Animals are a major group of organisms, classified as the kingdom Animalia or MetaÂzoa. ... KV5 is the tomb of the sons of Ramesses II, and the recent discovery of its great extent has been called the most amazing discovery in the Valley of the Kings since the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun. ... nomen or birth name Ramesses II, Abu Simbel Ramesses II (also known as Ramesses the Great and alternatively transcribed as Ramses and Rameses) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty. ... The ordinary people of the Roman Empire used the language known as Vulgar Latin rather than the Classical Latin of literature, as in this political graffiti at Pompeii Graffiti is a type of deliberately inscribed marking made by humans on surfaces, both private and public. ... Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek_speaking world in ancient times. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...

Tourism

Most of the tombs are not open to the public (16 of the tombs can be open, but they are rarely open at the same time), and officials occasionally close those that are open for restoration work. The number of visitors to KV62 has led to a separate charge for entry into the tomb. The West Valley has only one open tomb, that of Ay, and a separate ticket is needed to visit this tomb as well. The tour guides are no longer allowed to lecture inside the tombs and visitors are expected to proceed quietly and in single file through the tombs. This is to minimise time in the tombs, and prevent the crowds from damaging the surfaces of the decoration. Photography is no longer allowed in the tombs.

In 1997, 58 tourists and 4 Egyptians were massacred at Deir el-Bahri by Islamist militants from Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, leading to a drop in tourism. 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Djeser-Djeseru The Luxor Massacre took place on 17 November 1997, at Deir el-Bahri, an archaelogical site located across the River Nile from Luxor in Egypt. ... Djeser-Djeseru â€“ the focal point of the complex Deir el-Bahri (Arabic Ø¯ÙŠØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ±ÙŠ dayr al-baá¸¥rÄ«, literally meaning, â€œThe Northern Monasteryâ€) is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt. ... Al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (Arabic: Ø£Ù„Ø¬Ù…Ø§Ø¹Ù‡ Ø§Ù„Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠÙ‡ ) (Arabic for the Islamic Group; also transliterated Gamaat Islamiya, Jamaat al Islamiya, al-JamÄah al-IslÄmiyah etc. ...

As of 2005, on most days of the week an average of four to five thousand tourists visit the main valley. On the days on which the Nile Cruises arrive the number can rise to nearly ten thousand [2]. These levels are expected to rise to 25,000 by 2015. The West Valley is much less visited, as there is only one tomb that is open to the public. The Nile (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù†ÙŠÙ„ an-nÄ«l), in Africa, is the longest river on Earth. ...

In January 2006 it was announced that a new visitors centre is to be constructed [3]. Its planned opening date is March 2007.

External links

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

Selected reading

Topics about Ancient Egypt edit

Places: Nile \| Upper and Lower Egypt \| Abu Simbel \| Abydos/Abdju \| Alexandria \| Al Fayyum/Atef-Pehu \| Amarna/Akhetaten \| Dahshur \| Edfu \| Elephantine/Abu/Yebu \| Giza \| Heliopolis/Annu/Iunu \| Karnak \| Luxor \| Memphis/Ineb Hedj \| Philae/Pilak \| Qift/Coptos \| Rosetta \| Saqqara \| Tanis/Djanet \| Thebes/Niwt/Waset \| Valley of the Kings \| Valley of the Queens
Great Ennead of Heliopolis: Atum \| Shu \| Tefnut\| Geb \| Nut (Nuit) \| Osiris \| Isis \| Set \| Nephthys
Other Major Deities: Amun \| Anubis \| Apep \| Apis \| Aten \| Bast \| Djehuty \| Hathor \| Horus \| Khepri \| Chons \| Maàt \| Min \| Neith \| Ptah \| Ra \| Sekhmet \| Sobek \| Wepwawet
Ogdoad of Heliopolis: Amun/Amunet \| Huh/Hauhet \| Kuk/Kauket \| Nun/Naunet
War Deities: Anhur \| Bast \| Maahes \| Pakhet \| Sekhmet
Deified Concepts: Chons \| Hapy \| Maàt \| Min \| Renenutet \| Shai \| Hu \| Saa
Other Deities: Bes \| Chnum \| Seker \| Seshat \| Tawaret
Death: Mummy \| Four sons of Horus \| Canopic jars \| Ankh \| Book of the Dead \| KV \| Mortuary temple \| Ushabti
Buildings: Pyramids \| Karnak Temple \| Sphinx \| Great Lighthouse \| Great Library \| Deir el-Bahri \| Colossi of Memnon \| Ramesseum \| Abu Simbel
Writing: Egyptian hieroglyphs \| Egyptian numerals \| Transliteration of ancient Egyptian \| Demotic \| Hieratic
Chronology: Ancient Egypt \| Ptolemaic Egypt \| Roman Egypt \| Early Arab Egypt \| Ottoman Egypt \| Muhammad Ali and his successors \| Modern Egypt
Lists: List of Egyptian Dynasties \| List of Pharaohs
Science and Culture: Medicine \| Architecture

Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ... The Nile (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù†ÙŠÙ„ an-nÄ«l), in Africa, is the longest river on Earth. ... Map of Upper and Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. ... Model showing the relative positions of the Abu Simbel temples before and after relocation Categories: Ancient Egypt stubs | Wonders of the World ... Abydos, one of the most ancient cities of Upper Egypt, stood about 11 km (6 miles) west of the Nile at latitude 26Â° 10 N. The Egyptian name was Abdju (technically, 3bdw, hieroglyphs shown to the right), the hill of the symbol or reliquary, in which the sacred head of... This article needs to be updated. ... Al Fayyum or El FaiyÃ»m (Arabic: Ø§Ù„ÙÙŠÙˆÙ… ) is the capital of Al Fayyum Governorate, Egypt. ... Map of Amarna The site of Amarna (commonly known as el-Amarna or incorrectly as Tell el-Amarna; see below) (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ù…Ø§Ø±Ù†Ø©) is located on the east bank of the Nile River in the modern Egyptian province of al-Minya, some 58 km (38 miles) south of the city of al... Dahshur (Arabic Ø¯Ù‡Ø´ÙˆØ± DahÅ¡Å«r [often incorrectly rendered in English as Dashur]), located in a patch of desert on the west bank of the Nile approximately 40 kilometres south of Cairo (), is a royal necropolis, known chiefly for several pyramids, two of which are amongst the oldest, largest and best preserved... The front of the Edfu Temple The first pylon at Edfu Temple Statue of Horus, Edfu Temple Edfu (also spelt Idfu or in modern French as Edfou and known in antiquity as Behdet) is an Egyptian city, located on the west bank of the River Nile between Esna and Aswan... Elephantine Island, showing the nilometer (lower left) and the Aswan Museum. ... The Great Sphinx of Giza with Khafres pyramid in the background. ... Heliopolis (Greek á¼©Î»Î¯Î¿Ï… Ï€ÏŒÎ»Î¹Ï‚) was one of the most ancient cities of Egypt, and capital of the 13th Lower Egyptian nome. ... Obelisk at Karnak temple El-Karnak is a small village in Egypt, located on the banks of the River Nile some 2. ... The River Nile at Luxor Pharaonic statue in Luxor Temple Hot-air ballooning in Luxor Luxor (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù‚ØµØ± ) is a city in Upper (southern) Egypt and the capital of the Al Uqsur governorate, population approximately 200,000. ... Memphis, coordiates , , was the ancient capital of the first nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 1300 BC. Its Ancient Egyptian name was Ineb Hedj (The White Walls). The name Memphis is the Greek deformation of the Egyptian name of Pepi... Philae (or Pilak or Paaleq [Egyptian: remote place or the end or the angle island]; [Arabic: Anas el Wagud]) is an island in the Nile River and the previous site of an Ancient Egyptian temple complex in southern Egypt. ... Qift (Ù‚ÙØ·) is a small town in the Qina governorate of Egypt about 43 km north of Luxor, on the east bank of the Nile. ... Rosetta is the anglicised name of the city of Rashid, a port city on the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt. ... Saqqara (Arabic: Ø³Ù‚Ø§Ø±Ø©) is a vast, ancient burial ground in Egypt, featuring the worlds oldest standing step pyramid. ... or Tanis (Î¤Î¬Î½Î¹Ï‚), the Greek name of ancient Djanet (modern ØµØ§Ù† Ø§Ù„ØØ¬Ø± á¹¢Än al-á¸¤aÇ§ar), is a city in the north-eastern Nile delta of Egypt (). It lays on the Tanitic branch of the Nile (now silted up), and it was the supposed site of some of the action in the film... Thebes [Î˜Î·Î²Î±Î¹ ThÄ“bai] is the Greek designation of ancient Egyptian niwt (The) City and niwt-rst (The) Southern City. It is located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the Nile (25. ... The Valley of the Queens or Wadi el-Melikat is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharoahs were buried in ancient times. ... The Ennead (a word derived from Greek, meaning the nine) is a grouping of nine deities, most often used in the context of Egyptian mythology. ... Heliopolis (Greek á¼©Î»Î¯Î¿Ï… Ï€ÏŒÎ»Î¹Ï‚) was one of the most ancient cities of Egypt, and capital of the 13th Lower Egyptian nome. ... History Atum (alternatively spelt Tem, Temu, Tum, and Atem) is an early deity in Egyptian mythology, whose cult centred on the Ennead of Heliopolis. ... In Egyptian mythology, Shu (meaning dryness and he who rises up) is one of the primordial gods, a personification of air, one of the Ennead of Heliopolis. ... In Egyptian mythology, Tefnut is a goddess of water and fertility, indeed her name means moist waters (i. ... Amongst the group who believed in the Ennead, a form of Egyptian mythology centred in Heliopolis, Geb (also spelt Seb, and Keb) was the personification of the earth, and indeed this is what his name means - earth, and thus it was said that when he laughed, it caused earthquakes. ... In Egyptian mythology, Nuit or Nut was the sky goddess, in contrast to most other mythologies, which usually have a sky father. ... Osiris (Greek language, also Usiris; the Egyptian language name is variously transliterated Asar, Aser, Ausar, or Ausare) is the Egyptian God of the dead and the underworld. ... It has been suggested that Isis in literature be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... In Egyptian mythology, Nephthys (spelt Nebet-het, and Nebt-het, in transliteration from hieroglyphs) is one of the Ennead of Heliopolis, a daughter of Nuit and Geb, and the wife of Set. ... Amun (also spelt Amon, Amoun, Amen, and rarely Imenand, and spelt in Greek as Ammon, and Hammon) was the name of a deity, in Egyptian mythology, who gradually rose to become one of the most important deities, before fading into obscurity. ... Anubis is the Greek name for the ancient god in Egyptian mythology whose hieroglyphic is more accurately spelt Anpu (also Anup, Anupu, Wip, Ienpw, Inepu, Yinepu, or Inpw). ... An Egyptian deity wards off the snake-like Apep In Egyptian mythology, Apep (also spelled Apepi, and Aapep, or Apophis in Greek) was an evil demon, the deification of darkness and chaos, and thus opponent of light and Maat (order/truth), whose existence was believed about from the Middle... In Egyptian mythology, Apis or Hapis (alternatively spelt Hapi-ankh), was a bull-deity worshipped in the Memphis region. ... Aten is a creator of the universe in ancient Egyptian mythology, usually regarded as a sun god represented by the suns disk. ... In Egyptian mythology, Bast (also spelt Ubasti, and Pasht) is an ancient goddess, worshipped at least since the Second Dynasty, for whom the centre of her cult was in Per-Bast (Bubastis in greek), which was named after her. ... Thoth, pronounced tot, is the Greek name given to Djehuty, the Egyptian god of the Moon (lunar deity), wisdom, writing, magic, and measurement of time, among other things. ... Statue of Hathor (Luxor Museum) In Egyptian mythology, Hathor (Egyptian for house of Horus) was originally a personification of the Milky Way, which was seen as the milk that flowed from the udders of a heavenly cow. ... Horus is an ancient god of Egyptian mythology, whose cult survived so long that he evolved dramatically over time and gained many names. ... Khepri as a scarab beetle, pushing the sun across the sky In Egyptian mythology, Khepri (also spelt Khepera, Kheper, Chepri, Khepra) is the name of a minor god. ... Chons In Egyptian mythology, Chons (alternately Khensu, Khons, Khonsu or Khonshu) is an ancient lunar deity, from before formal structure was given to a pantheon. ... In Egyptian mythology, Maat was the goddess, or rather the concept, of truth, justice and order. ... Min (sometimes incorrectly transcribed as Chem) was a god and the patron of traveling caravans, in Egyptian mythology, known since the Predynastic Period, and even worshipped by the Scorpion King. ... Neith In Egyptian mythology, Neith (also known as Nit, Net and Neit) was a psychopomp, a goddess of war and the hunt and the patron deity of Sais, in the Western Delta. ... Ptah In Egyptian mythology, Ptah (also spelt Peteh) was the deification of the primordial mound in the Ennead cosmogony, which was more literally referred to as Ta-tenen (also spelt Tathenen), meaning risen land, or as Tanen, meaning submerged land. ... , , or This article is about the Egyptian god. ... Two statues of Sekhmet (standing) in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. ... Sobek (from the Temple of Kom Ombo) or In Egyptian mythology, Sobek (also spelt Sebek, Sochet, Sobk, Sobki, Soknopais, and in Greek, Suchos) was the deification of crocodiles, and was originally a demon, as crocodiles were deeply feared in the nation so dependent on the Nile River. ... In Egyptian mythology, Wepwawet (also spelt Upuaut, Wep-wawet, and Ophois) was originally a war god, whose cult centre was Atef-Khent (Lycopolis), in Upper Egypt. ... In Egyptian mythology, the Ogdoad are the eight deities worshipped in Hermopolis. ... Heliopolis (Greek á¼©Î»Î¯Î¿Ï… Ï€ÏŒÎ»Î¹Ï‚) was one of the most ancient cities of Egypt, and capital of the 13th Lower Egyptian nome. ... Amun (also spelt Amon, Amoun, Amen, and rarely Imenand, and spelt in Greek as Ammon, and Hammon) was the name of a deity, in Egyptian mythology, who gradually rose to become one of the most important deities, before fading into obscurity. ... In Egyptian mythology, Amunet (also spelled Amonet, Amaunet, Amentet, Amentit, Imentet, Imentit, and Ament) was originally the female form of the originally androgynous god Amun. ... In Egyptian mythology, Huh (also spelt Hu, Hah, or Heh) was the deification of eternity in the Ogdoad, his name itself meaning endlessness, and is not to be confused with the identically named Hu a god in the Ennead system. ... In Egyptian mythology, Kuk (also spelt Keku) was the deification of the primordial concept of darkness, in the Ogdoad cosmogony, his name meaning darkness. ... In Egyptian mythology, Naunet (or Nunet) is the goddess of the primordial, watery abyss of the underworld and one of the Ogdoad. ... In Egyptian mythology, Anhur was a god of war and hunting, later identified with Horus and worshipped particularly in Thinis. ... In Egyptian mythology, Bast (also spelt Ubasti, and Pasht) is an ancient goddess, worshipped at least since the Second Dynasty, for whom the centre of her cult was in Per-Bast (Bubastis in greek), which was named after her. ... In Egyptian mythology, Maahes (also spelt Mihos, Miysis, and Mahes) was a lion-god. ... In Egyptian mythology, Pakhet (also spelled Pachet, Pekhet, Phastet, and Pasht, Egyptian ), a solar deity with a desert cats head. ... Two statues of Sekhmet (standing) in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. ... Chons In Egyptian mythology, Chons (alternately Khensu, Khons, Khonsu or Khonshu) is an ancient lunar deity, from before formal structure was given to a pantheon. ... Hapy, meaning runner, was a solar deity in Egyptian mythology, and the symbolisation of the annual flood of the Nile River, which deposited rich silt on the banks, allowing the Egyptians to grow crops. ... In Egyptian mythology, Maat was the goddess, or rather the concept, of truth, justice and order. ... Min (sometimes incorrectly transcribed as Chem) was a god and the patron of traveling caravans, in Egyptian mythology, known since the Predynastic Period, and even worshipped by the Scorpion King. ... In Egyptian mythology, Renenutet was a goddess of cobras, children and fertility. ... Shai (also spelt Sai, occasionally Shay, and in Greek, Psais) was the deification of the concept of fate. ... In Egyptian mythology, Hu is the god of the word which Ra used to create the world (and is also the word itself). ... In Egyptian mythology, Saa (also spelt Sia) was the deification of wisdom, which is what his name means, in the Ennead cosmogeny. ... The god Bes. ... In Egyptian mythology, Chnum (also spelled Khnum, Knum, or Khnemu) was one of the earliest Egyptian gods, originally the god of the source of the Nile River. ... In Egyptian mythology, Seker is a god of craftsmen, the dead and funerals. ... In Egyptian mythology, Seshat (The Female Scribe) was a goddess of writing, science, literature, history, libraries, architecture and mathematics, and the consort of Thoth. ... Statue of Tawaret In Egyptian mythology, Tawaret (also spelt Taurt, Tuat, Taueret, Tuart, Ta-weret, Taweret, and Taueret, and in Greek, Thoeris and Toeris) was originally the demon-wife of Apep, the original god of evil. ... A mummy is a corpse whose skin and dried flesh have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold or dryness, or airlessness. ... Image:PAM240. ... Among the ancient Egyptians, canopic jars were covered funerary vases, normally composed of clay, intended to keep the viscera of mummified corpses. ... [1] Ankh The ankh (pronounced ahnk, symbol ) was the Egyptian hieroglyphic character that stood for the word , which means life. ... Book of the Dead is the common name for ancient Egyptian funerary texts known as The Book of Coming [or Going] Forth By Day. ... KV is an acronym employed by Egyptologists to designate tombs located in the Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt. ... Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut Mortuary temples (or memorial temples) were temples constructed adjacent to, or in the vicinity of, royal tombs in the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom periods of Ancient Egypt. ... A Ushabti (also called shabti or shawabti and with a number of variant spellings) is a small figurine of Ancient Egypt, included in the grave goods of the dead. ... The pyramids of Egypt, among the largest constructions ever built by humankind, , constitute one of the most potent and enduring symbols of Ancient Egyptian civilization. ... Obelisk at Karnak temple El-Karnak is a small village in Egypt, located on the banks of the River Nile some 2. ... The Great Sphinx of Giza is a large half-human Sphinx statue in Egypt, on the Giza Plateau at the west bank of the Nile River, near modern-day Cairo (). It is one of the largest single-stone statues on Earth, and is commonly believed to have been built by... The Pharos of Alexandria was a tower built in the 3rd century BC on the island of Pharos in Alexandria, Egypt to serve as that ports landmark, and later, lighthouse. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... Djeser-Djeseru â€“ the focal point of the complex Deir el-Bahri (Arabic Ø¯ÙŠØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ±ÙŠ dayr al-baá¸¥rÄ«, literally meaning, â€œThe Northern Monasteryâ€) is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt. ... The Colossi of Memnon The Colossi of Memnon (known to locals as el-Colossat, or es-Salamat) are two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. For the past 3400 years they have stood in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor. ... The Ramesseum is the memorial temple (or mortuary temple) of Pharaoh Ramses II (Ramses the Great). ... Model showing the relative positions of the Abu Simbel temples before and after relocation Categories: Ancient Egypt stubs | Wonders of the World ... It has been suggested that Hieroglyph (French Wiki article) be merged into this article or section. ... The system of Egyptian numerals was a numeral system used in ancient Egypt. ... In the field of Egyptology, transliteration is the process of converting (or mapping) texts written in the Egyptian language to alphabetic symbols representing uniliteral hieroglyphs or their hieratic and demotic counterparts. ... Demotic script on a replica of the Rosetta stone. ... Development of hieratic script from hieroglyphs; after Champollion. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... General context: Ancient Egypt. ... Ptolemaic Egypt refers to the time period of hellenistic rule in Egypt. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... From the initial Islamic invasion in 639 CE Egypt became part of the Arab world. ... Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. ... The reign of Muhammad Ali and his successors over Egypt was a period of rapid reform and modernization that led to Egypt becoming one of the most developed states outside of Europe. ... The History of Modern Egypt is generally accepted as beginning in 1882, when Egypt became a de facto British colony. ... This page lists articles on dynasties of Ancient Egypt. ... This article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3000 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC. It should be noted that there are three women rulers... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For at least ten thousand years, the Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential civilizations in the world. ...

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